Religious Americans participate in charitable or volunteer organizations twice as much as do secular Americans. So says existing research. But a new study suggests that it’s not people’s religion that prompts them to become model volunteers, but which high school they attended.
According to Calvin College researchers Jonathan Hill and Kevin den Dulk, the type of high school people attend influences them more than any other factor—including religion, socioeconomic status, or family type.
The “counterintuitive” findings (researchers expected homeschoolers to be on top) stayed consistent throughout all tests, den Dulk says.
“Educational setting,” he said, has a value “beyond religious identity.”
The problem is no one knows exactly why Protestant schooling predicts the likelihood of volunteering.
David Sikkink, an associate professor of sociology at the University of Notre Dame whose research has found similar results, believes that somehow teachers implant a sense of civic duty in students’ minds.
Protestant schools tend to be strong communities where students get a sense of “collective identity,” he said, “and they get practice committing to the common good of the institutions.”
One possible explanation is the type of “opportunity structure” for community service that exists for graduates. Hill and den Dulk speculate that Protestant schools may provide better access to parachurch groups like Youth for Christ or InterVarsity, which are present in both high schools and colleges. [Blog editor’s note: Not in Lutheran schools!]
Another explanation could be the way Protestant teachers motivate students. Bill Cochran, director of school ministry for the Lutheran Church–Missouri Synod, says most of its teachers encourage students to love their neighbors not because it’s a civic duty, but because it’s a biblical one.
Robert Wuthnow, professor of sociology at Princeton and author of Learning to Care, says it may not matter where a student volunteers. His research indicates that the willingness to volunteer comes from both the quality of the service and debriefing sessions that follow.
“The key factor was coming to think of oneself as a caring person,” Wuthnow said. “That meant not just being good-hearted, but knowing that one had some skills that would carry forward.”
But the Calvin study suggests that Wuthnow may not be right, according to Hill.
“It’s more likely they just get in the habit of doing it and automatically volunteer when there are opportunities,” he said. “Schools somehow affect people’s habits below the surface.”
via Who Volunteers the Most? | Christianity Today.
Here are more details:
The new research from Jonathan Hill and Kevin den Dulk suggests that students who attend and graduate from private, Protestant high schools receive double motivation to volunteer: not only are they provided the greatest number of connections to volunteer opportunities, they also likely more likely to “internalize” a sense of civic duty and carry it with them into adulthood.
They found that Protestant high school graduates are more likely to volunteer as adults (83 percent) than any of their peers—including graduates of Catholic (55 percent), public (48 percent), homeschool (23 percent), and secular private (10 percent) high schools. The study did not examine the effects of college on graduates.
According to the data, students at Catholic schools are most likely to volunteer while still in school (87%), while homeschoolers are least likely (63%). But as adults, the percentage of graduates who report no volunteering increases across all categories, except one: private, Protestant high school graduates, whose rate of non-volunteerism actually decreased by 6 percent.
Any other ideas about why this might be? What conclusions can we draw from the data? (For example, is it true that the wealthy elite–the sort that go to secular private schools–don’t volunteer very much and so can be said to have less of a sense of civic responsibility? And is this something homeschoolers should do more with?)
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