March 16, 2013

We are praying for Pope Francis, and I hope you are too.

Wonderful post by Ann Voskamp on loving one another. Wonderful. Thanks Ann.

Ed Cyzewski’s pushback on being “biblical”: “There is a holy grail that evangelical Christians have been seeking. It’s a quest that has consumed much time and left many battered believers by the side of the road. I’ve sacrificed my share of time to this pursuit over the years. This is the holy and righteous pursuit of being the most “biblical.” In the evangelical world, if you aren’t “biblical,” then you areclearly influenced by your sinful desires or our evil culture. While “biblical” could technically mean “influenced by the Bible,” it has become a code word for “possessing the one and only way to interpret the Bible on a particular issue.” In our zeal to follow the teachings of scripture, we have sought a definitive, once and for all time way to read a book that has always been a work in progress. In one sense, we all want to be guided and informed by the Bible. However, the pursuit of being biblical more often turns into: “I know God’s definitive and authoritative perspective, you better agree with me, or you’re going to be unbiblical.” If I don’t agree with the “biblical” perspective being presented, then I’ve rejected God’s truth….  I don’t mean to be flip about the Bible. I read it every day. The main point here is that the Bible alone is not going to get the job done apart from the Holy Spirit in our lives. Jesus trusted the Holy Spirit to lead us into all truth, to keep us after he had gone. And while we should not neglect the teachings of scripture, an air tight system of theology does not replace the work of the Spirit among us. There is no “biblical” way of doing things. There is only a biblically informed and Spirit-led way of doing things. And that information and leading may evolve and shift over time.”

Jimmy Mellado to Compassion International.

Good story about Chris Tomlin.

From Adam A. Kline: “Do we dare?  Do I dare treat Easter like it’s a party?  Do I dare party like it’s 33 A.D.?  Like I know we are living in a time that is After. Death.  Easter Sunday should be a party, or maybe to put it another way, it’s already a party.  The only question is, am I a part of it?  Resurrection Sunday should be the biggest party of the year!  We should prepare and share the finest food and expect the greatest celebration; but we must not forget that even the most anticipated of Superbowl parties, even the most memorable of Wedding receptions, require a great deal of preparation; maybe even an entire season of it.  Resurrection is the single most climactic event in God’s story.  The Resurrection was what God’s story was building toward all along and it is the only reason the story continues today.  Easter Sunday is the reason we remember, reenact and experience the truth that He lives, to quicken all mankind.  Resurrection is the greatest of gifts at the end of a forty-day season of preparation and initiation.  Resurrection Sunday is the reason for it all, as the Apostle Paul declared, “Christ has indeed been raised from the dead, the firstfruits of those who have fallen asleep.  For since death came through a man, the resurrection of the dead comes also through a man” (1 Corinthians 15:20-21). I desire to be rambunctious for the Resurrection!  It is my prayer that my excitement for the Superbowl will pale in comparison to my anticipation of Easter Sunday.”

22 rules for storytelling.

Power naps are in! Ol’ Tom Edison’d be unsurprised, eh? “ASBURY PARK, N.J. — To help its 20 employees in the office fight through a wave of afternoon fatigue, Nationwide Planning Associates Inc. remodeled an unused closet with a recliner, a fountain and a bamboo rug. Nap time these days isn’t just for preschoolers. Employees of the Paramus, N.J., investment firm sign up for 20-minute blocks of restorative time twice a week and emerge energized, as if hitting the restart button. “I don’t even drink coffee anymore because (after a nap) you don’t need to,” said James Colleary, 27, a compliance principal who helped convince management that a nap room would be worth the investment. “If you take only 20 minutes, you actually feel alert (when you wake up). You feel refreshed.” Confession time: I’m a 10-minute napper; I lean my head against my hand and doze for ten minutes, and I awake ready to go.

Our hometown made it, woot woot!

Meanderings in the News

Bloomberg’s graph about food costs… on the decline across the board:

David Brooks on Jewish Orthodoxy: “Nationwide, only 21 percent of non-Orthodox Jews between the ages of 18 and 29 are married. But an astounding 71 percent of Orthodox Jews are married at that age. And they are having four and five kids per couple. In the New York City area, for example, the Orthodox make up 32 percent of Jews over all. But the Orthodox make up 61 percent of Jewish children. Because the Orthodox are so fertile, in a few years, they will be the dominant group in New York Jewry.”

See who profits from war: “The business of war is profitable. In 2011, the 100 largest contractors sold $410 billion in arms and military services. Just 10 of those companies sold over $208 billion. Based on a list of the top 100 arms-producing and military services companies in 2011 compiled by the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI), 24/7 Wall St. reviewed the 10 companies with the most military sales worldwide. These companies have benefited tremendously from the growth in military spending in the U.S., which by far has the largest military budget in the world. In 2000, the U.S. defense budget was approximately $312 billion. By 2011, the figure had grown to $712 billion. Arm sales grew alongside general defense spending growth. SIPRI noted that between 2002 and 2011, arms sales among the top 100 companies grew by 51%.

More on Neanderthal demise: “A study of Neanderthal skulls suggests that they became extinct because they had larger eyes than our species. As a result, more of their brains were devoted to seeing in the long, dark nights in Europe, at the expense of high-level processing. By contrast, the larger frontal brain regions of Homo sapiens led to the fashioning of warmer clothes and the development larger social networks.”

This will be cool: “I’m quite literally trying my hand at Leap Motion, the fascinating new motion controller peripheral for PC and Mac computers. Leap ultimately hopes to integrate its technology into computers and tablets. Consumers can get their own hands on, or more accurately above, the Leap Motion Controller that makes all this possible on May 13, when pre-orders ship. (Best Buy is also accepting pre-“orders.) South by Southwest represents the first public showing of the technology. As you hold one or both hands above the controller it senses and tracks your slightest movement or jitter, the company says. The controller can track hands that are about two feet above it or to the side, effectively creating an invisible virtual cone of detection.”

George Weigel sees a rising “evangelical Catholicism”: “Besides Father Robert Barron, which Catholic leaders in the post-Vatican II church are models of preaching for cultural change? Certainly Benedict XVI, who’s arguably the greatest papal preacher since the reign, over 14 centuries ago, of Pope Gregory the Great. Father William Joensen at Loras College in Iowa is another master-preacher. The recently named Cardinal James Harvey is a superb preacher. I could name many more. But let’s also look back at the Church Fathers, whose expository preaching is a model for Catholic homilists today, and let’s not forget that preaching is a form of teaching. Contemporary Catholic liturgists turn pale and start making choking noises when they hear this, and so do many preaching gurus; but that’s too bad. John Chrysostom didn’t tell jokes and funny anecdotes in his homilies: He unpacked the Scriptures through the tradition of the Church. And that’s what Catholic preaching must do more of today. In Evangelical Catholicism, I suggest that deacons, priests, and bishops prepare their homilies with a good Biblical commentary (often Protestant in origin) in one hand, and the Catechism of the Catholic Church in the other, always keeping in mind what they’ve read from the Fathers that day in the Office of Reading in the Liturgy of the Hours, the breviary.”

Samuel G. Freedman, on the shift at Focus on the Family: “COLORADO SPRINGS — One Wednesday afternoon last month, Jim Daly drove a couple of miles from his office at Focus on the Family to a classroom building on the University of Colorado’s local campus. Short as the trip was, it carried Mr. Daly beyond his theological and political comfort zone. Such disorientation was the whole point. As the president and chief executive of Focus on the Family, Mr. Daly oversees a Christian ministry with an annual budget of $98 million, a paid staff of 655 and a fervently conservative view of the Bible and American social issues. Seated beside a philosophy professor at the university, Mr. Daly faced an audience of about 125 students and faculty members, some carrying protest signs: “Focus Isn’t My Family,” “No H8,” “Lez Be Honest Who Am I Hurting by Loving a Girl.” For the next hour, through alternating moments of contrition and contention, Mr. Daly continued what has been the signal initiative of his term at the evangelical group: transforming an organization associated with the divisive strife of the culture wars into one that invites civil dialogue with its religious and ideological foes.”

MOOCs: “But what MOOCs may not do is lower the costs of higher ed.  In fact, an argument could be made the the rise of the MOOCs will put new cost pressures on institutions, introducing new expenses over and beyond the direct cost of producing and delivering a MOOC.  These additional costs incurred by the MOOC movement may show up in higher tuition prices. How could this be?  Doesn’t the emergence of free courses provide new opportunities for both individual learners and institutions to lower the acquisition costs of learning? Won’t colleges and universities be able to reduce the costs of offering some courses by utilizing the content and materials from a free MOOC, paying for teaching assistants and exams rather than professors?   How could something that is free end up costing us more? The key to understanding why individual MOOCs may eventually drive up costs is to grasp how innovations in one area can raise expectations, and standards, across an entire system.”

 

February 3, 2013

From World Vision:

A former Chicago church pastor plans to run across the United States at a rate of 35 miles a day for more than four months in a bid to raise $1.5 million for clean water.

Steve Spear, 49, will begin the herculean effort in Los Angeles on April 8 with an estimated arrival in New York in August — a distance of 3,243 miles.

He plans to run six or seven hours each day, five days a week. During the course of the event, he will run the equivalent distance of more than 120 marathons. Along the way, he will speak to churches and civic organizations, encouraging people to support the cause for water.

Meanwhile, Steve has quit his job as a Willow Creek Community Church pastor to devote himself to preparing for and completing the big run.

Steve says the decision to embark on the run follows a growing conviction that God was calling him to run to change lives. It’s a surprising turn of events, given that for many years he had a strong aversion to running.

“If you had told me five years ago, when I was a complete non-runner, that I would be doing something like this, I would have said you are completely out of your mind,” he says.

Things changed in 2007 when Steve was asked to join Team World Vision and run the Chicago Marathon to raise money to help millions of children and families who have no ready access to clean water.

January 26, 2013

Jenn LeBow, gospel-shaped “submission”: “Dennis and I, a little more than fifteen years into our marriage, have disavowed extremes in many contexts: politics, religion, parenting. But one extreme we do cling to: we still treat each other more kindly than we treat anyone else. Some days, doing so requires more submission than any other task, but it’s always been a mutual submission for us. I see clearly how much patience it takes for Dennis to remain kind with me; my efforts with him don’t require nearly as much strength of will. Nevertheless, we believe it to be among the top three reasons our marriage remains strong.”

Zack Hunt is right: “It simply makes no sense when church leaders begin a conversation (which is the purpose of tweets, Facebook statuses, blog posts, etc.), for other Christians to respond to that conversation somewhere else. I don’t mean the conversation shouldn’t also continue offline. I mean the idea that seems to pop up whenever celebrity preachers like Mark Driscoll or John Piper or whoever say something outrageous, namely that Twitter, Facebook, or blogs are the wrong place to engage the conversation that started in those very same places, is utterly absurd. The world has changed. The internet is the new public square.”

Ed Moore, on sacred bundles… a post for all of us: “The pastor had insulted one of the principal relics in Granny Smith UMC’s “sacred bundle.” A sacred bundle is the collection of symbols, stories and artifacts that confers identity upon a community and establishes its social norms; every organization has one. The longer the organization has existed, the more layered and complex its sacred bundle is likely to be.” (HT: MR)

Rachel Held Evans and the scandal of the heart: “This is true to an extent. I’ve wrestled with a lot of questions related to science and faith, especially given my location a mere two miles from the famous Rhea County Courthouse where John Scopes was prosecuted for teaching evolution in a public school.  While I no longer believe the earth is just 6,000 years old, I still live in the tension of unanswered questions about the universe, and death, and brains, and Neanderthals, and whatever Neil deGrasse Tyson’s got to say on public television about the earth getting burned up by the sun or our species going extinct after an asteroid hits.  I have questions too about history and Christianity’s emergence from it, questions about the Bible, questions about miracles. But the questions that have weighed most heavily on me these past ten years have been questions not of the mind but of the heart, questions of conscience and empathy. It was not the so-called “scandal of the evangelical mind” that rocked my faith; it was the scandal of the evangelical heart.” [Of course, the reason Mark Noll wrote about the scandal of the evangelical mind was because there was too much heart and passion and not enough mind.]

Charity Jill Erickson and the cake-eaters along 494 — at CPC!

Te’o and Catfishing: “When the show’s producers finally bring them together, Abigail turns out to be not willowy, blonde and Barbie Doll-cute. In fact, she is dark-haired, obese and deeply troubled, and her real name is Melissa. Explaining her deception to an obviously dejected Jarrod, she says she knew that if she showed herself as she really looked, she would never have attracted any man’s interest—her experience of rejection throughout her school years and young adulthood had demonstrated that. “Pretty much all of it was, you know, me—just not me,” she said. “Everything, all the emotions, you know—just a different face, I suppose.” Those words were kind of an eerie echo of Swarbrick’s description of Te’o. “Every single thing about this…was real to Manti,” Swarbrick said. “There was no suspicion that it wasn’t, no belief that it might not be. And so the pain was real. The grief was real. The affection was real. And that’s the nature of this sad, cruel game.” All this assumes, of course, that Te’o truly was a victim, and was not involved in creating the hoax of his “girlfriend.” The point is that it is not implausible to believe that he was a victim. The point is that this kind of hoax has been perpetrated many times already in the Internet age, sometimes with tragic consequences.” (HT: OY)

That Loon is priceless.

Michael Jensen, at Sydney Anglicans, observing a seeming consensus on women teaching: “Nevertheless, what is interesting to me is that there seems to be emerging an agreement from all sides in this discussion that the New Testament features women in speaking roles in front of mixed congregations to a far greater extent than is often now practiced in Sydney Anglican churches. Some of the implementation of complementarian thinking about ministry has been over-zealous, to the point that it ignores what is plainly the case in the Bible. In 1 Corinthians 11 (to take the obvious example) women prophesy in the church gathering, and there is no forbidding them from doing so. Why do we not see this more often in our church meetings? My colleague Jane Tooher from the Priscilla and Aquila Centre has been advocating and modeling this practice in the last couple of years.”

Akira Okrentand the Oxford Comma War: “The Oxford comma, so-called because the Oxford University Press style guidelines require it, is the comma before the conjunction at the end of a list. If your preferred style is to omit the second comma in “red, white, and blue,” you are aligned with the anti-Oxford comma faction. The pro-Oxford comma faction is more vocal and numerous in the US, while in the UK, anti-Oxford comma reigns. (Oxford University is an outsider, style-wise, in its own land.) In the US, book and magazine publishers are generally pro, while newspapers are anti, but both styles can be found in both media. The two main rationales for choosing one style over the other are clarity and economy. Each side has invoked both rationales in its favor. Here are some quotes that have served as shots exchanged in the Oxford comma wars.”

Dave Moore and Moore Engaging.

Mental Floss has some facts about coffee. “In 1674, the “Women’s Petition Against Coffee” said it was turning British men into “useless corpses” and proposed a ban for those under 60″ and “In 1932, Brazil couldn’t afford to send its athletes to the Olympics in Los Angeles. So they loaded their ship with coffee and sold it along the way.”

Frank Viola has  a “spiritual conversation style” map: charismatic, quoter and pragmatic styles.

Ecclesia and Ethics, an online webinar/conference with such folks as Michael Gorman, Mariam Kamell, N.T. Wright, and Shane Claiborne.

Meanderings in the News

Father Flannery doesn’t sound like a Catholic priest to me: “In the article, Father Flannery, a Redemptorist priest, wrote that he no longer believed that “the priesthood as we currently have it in the church originated with Jesus” or that he designated “a special group of his followers as priests.” Instead, he wrote, “It is more likely that some time after Jesus, a select and privileged group within the community who had abrogated power and authority to themselves, interpreted the occasion of the Last Supper in a manner that suited their own agenda.” Nor does Tom Brodie.

Worst picture of the Inaugural Day events — a door on our President’s car door so thick…

Quite the story from n+1.

Ken Jennings: “In China, for example, it’s widely believed that sitting on a seat recently warmed by someone else’s behind can give you hemorrhoids. The Brits, on the other hand, attribute hemorrhoids to sitting on cold surfaces. But sitting on that same cold concrete would lead to a different lecture from a Ukrainian mom: She’d be sure it would make you sterile. Some Peruvians are told that lingering too long in front of the fridge can cause cancer. In the Czech Republic, everyone knows that drinking water after eating fruit leads to painful bloating. Filipino kids can’t wear red when it’s stormy out, since that would attract lightning. Germans and Austrians live in mortal fear of drafts, which get blamed for everything from pneumonia to blocked arteries, so summertime commuters routinely swelter on 90-degree trains and buses rather than cracking a window through which a cooling—but lethal!—breeze might pass. In South Korea, however, the concern about ventilation is exactly the opposite. Koreans will only use electric fans if a window is cracked, because leaving a fan on in an enclosed room, it’s almost universally believed, can be fatal. The mechanism behind the threat is a little vague: Sometimes it’s said to be a lack of oxygen that kills you, sometimes it’s a chill. But either way, you won’t care. You’ll be dead.”

Mari-Jane Williams on what high schoolers need to know upon graduation.

Ireland and rural drinking and driving.

Can we bring back the Neanderthals?SPIEGEL: Setting aside all ethical doubts, do you believe it is technically possible to reproduce the Neanderthal? Church: The first thing you have to do is to sequence the Neanderthal genome, and that has actually been done. The next step would be to chop this genome up into, say, 10,000 chunks and then synthesize these. Finally, you would introduce these chunks into a human stem cell. If we do that often enough, then we would generate a stem cell line that would get closer and closer to the corresponding sequence of the Neanderthal. We developed the semi-automated procedure required to do that in my lab. Finally, we assemble all the chunks in a human stem cell, which would enable you to finally create a Neanderthal clone. SPIEGEL: And the surrogates would be human, right? In your book you write that an “extremely adventurous female human” could serve as the surrogate mother. Church: Yes. However, the prerequisite would, of course, be that human cloning is acceptable to society. SPIEGEL: Could you also stop the procedure halfway through and build a 50-percent Neanderthal using this technology. Church: You could and you might. It could even be that you want just a few mutations from the Neanderthal genome. Suppose you were too realize: Wow, these five mutations might change the neuronal pathways, the skull size, a few key things. They could give us what we want in terms of neural diversity. I doubt that we are going to particularly care about their facial morphology, though (laughs).”

NPR and the Common Core reading curriculum.

Josh Wingrove sketches Oprah’s preparation and experience with the interview of Lance Armstrong: “Before Lance Armstrong arrived, Oprah Winfrey cleared the room, meditated and prayed. She didn’t want to pass judgment on the man soon to be before her, a 41-year-old fallen cycling legend about to deliver a staggering mea culpa. It didn’t matter if he was guilty, if he’d lied or if he’d leveraged it all to build a global brand. Ms. Winfrey had, instead, learned her lesson with James Frey, the disgraced author whose tailspin engulfed her book club.”

Meanderings in Sports

On the Cubs convention: “During a question-and-answer session with the Ricketts family, one elderly fan criticized the Cubs for having players with long hair, adding the “manager who is on TV every day looks like he slept on a park bench.” As the audience howled, Tom Ricketts replied: “I’ll put that one in the suggestion box.”

November 8, 2012

When Bill Hybels (not the image) came up with the idea of “seeker-sensitive services” his aim was to preach or teach in such a way that it didn’t turn off the nonChristian visitor. In fact, Willow Creek sought to create services — weekend services — that were attractive to nonChristians and that drew upon the questions of those far from God.  So Bill learned to “preach” to mixed audiences.

Once a friend invited me to Nassau Bahamas to speak at his church, which was a seeker-friendly church (he’s now a Roman Catholic, so he didn’t stick with the seeker-friendly model). To make a long story short, I spoke from Colossians (if my memory serves me right) and did my best, after his rather frequent explanations, to use language that was “seeker-sensitive.” When I was done I asked him how I did and the impact of what he said went about like this: “Not.Even.Close!”

What is this mixed audience speaking like? What are the marks of doing it well? By the way, do you think “non-believers” attended early Christian worship gatherings? Do you think the sermon of Paul on the Areopagus in Acts 17 is “seeker-sensitive”?

Ask Andy Stanley, because in his book Deep & Wide he talks about this. Most of us have an environment designed for believers and church people; so we’ve learned to speak to churched people. Andy’s goal for his sermons is to present the Scriptures so they are helpful and compelling so that everybody in the audience is glad to have attended and leaves with the intention of returning. [This does not mean watering down the content or offensiveness of the gospel.]

Here are his seven principles, but it’s not about content but about presentation and approach:

1. Let them know you know they’re out there and you’re happy about it.

2. Begin with the audience in mind, not your message. [I often say I teach students a subject, not a subject to students.]

3. Pick one passage and stick with it … everybody will be glad you did.

4. Give them permission not to believe … or obey. [This fits his theory of involving the audience.]

5. Avoid “The Bible Says” … because it doesn’t. It’s not a book; it’s way better than that. Cite authors, not “the Book.” Don’t assume they know.

6. Acknowledge the odd… it would be odd not to. Natural vs. supernatural, blue parakeet passages…

7. Don’t go mystical … unless you want a new car.

September 19, 2012

Kris and I are amateur birders, and we have a well-worn Roger Tory Peterson Guide to prove we’ve been at it awhile. Neither of us is good at bird calls, but I envy those who can identify the odd migrating warbler by sounds/songs. I can’t, though I know most of the birds in our area. I “observed” a nuthatch at Northern Seminary’s president’s home the other day (at our retreat) before I saw the little thing land on their plentiful feeders. But this piece on the songs/sounds of the chickadees is something to cherish. Here’s a clip:

We thus have considerable evidence that the note composition of calls of Carolina chickadees is associated with detection of predators (both perched and flying), food detection, individual flight and motivation. The calls also vary in ways that may suggest markers for individual, flock, population or some combination of the three. Variation in the note types that make up the call corresponds to different contexts and to population-level characteristics. Studies of call variation have also been carried out in other parid species. For example, as a 2012 review article by Krams and coauthors reveals, perched predator contexts have been shown to have a similar effect on call note composition in black-capped chickadees, Mexican chickadees (Poecile sclateri) and willow tits. Call variation seems to be associated with food contexts in black-capped chickadees and with flight contexts in mountain chickadees (P. gambeli). Krama, Krams and Kristine Igaune in 2008 documented variation in the comparable call system in crested tits (Lophophanes cristatus), based on whether individuals were close to the relative safety of vegetation or were exposed in open areas away from cover. Another interesting finding about this species is that dominant individuals use their calls differently than subordinate individuals, which suggests possible personality-like influences on call variation.

What birds are you spotting these days? Our hummers seem to have gone South, but we’ve not seen many migrating ducks (grebes though are visible at our lake) or birds yet.

And don’t get me started about the skunks digging up our back yard. War has been declared. 

July 22, 2012

Kris and I just got back (late last night) from a week of ministry and teaching in Odder, Denmark. Odder is a small village south of Aarhus, which leads me to an observation: the Danes have the coolest r’s in the world. I speak German and like that guttural r, but when the Danes say Aarhus, at first you think they are saying “Oh-hoos” but if you listen carefully between that Oh and the hoos is a wonderful back-throated, soft r. (And we took the train up and wandered around Aarhus one afternoon, with its beautiful cathedral, and I practiced saying “Aarhus” the whole time.) And I can barely describe about the sound the Danes can produce when they combine an f with an r. This my tongue cannot produce!

Anyway, SommerOase is part of Dansk Oase, a renewal movement in Denmark — State church Lutheran, free church Lutheran, charismatics, Baptists, and others too. For a full generation or more this Danish renewal fellowship has been influencing the Danish church. I want to pay honor here to Anna Mie Skak Johanson, who has been the passion behind Oase, and to Morten Munk, who has been Oase’s theologian, for their devotion; God has used them mightily in Denmark. Both are now moving on and have less direct involvement in Dansk Oase as they pursue other callings. (more…)

June 25, 2012

In the 1970s and 80s, Willow Creek did something churches hadn’t previously done — they surveyed a community to find out why people were not going to church and then imagined and created a church that met the needs of that demographic. Mark Driscoll and Rob Bell each established a church called “Mars Hill” and both have reached into mostly unreached demographics and have flourished. Then there’s smaller churches that are flourishing, and have flourished, and most people don’t know about them — like Brentwood Baptist outside Nashville or HCBC in Pennsylvania.

What makes a local church “work?” How would you respond to this question? Or, what assures that a church won’t work? Do you think faithfulness and relevance are good categories?

By work I mean take sudden grasp in a local community or flourish or succeed or grow or whatever. I’m not making judgment here about what “success” means but instead wanting to probe into what happens when a church strikes home in a local community.

Graham Buxton, at Tabor Adelaide, in his book Dancing in the Dark, proposes what is now a rather common paradigm for understanding what Christian ministry is, and what it means to participate in the work of God in this world: the combination of theological faithfulness and church/community relevance. He’s not defining “works” as much as he’s articulating the challenge of ministry: to participate in the world in which God is at work. Important: I’m interested in the “works” question; Graham is focusing on what ministry is: the incarnation of the work of God in a local community. But I want to shift this into what you think “works”?

(more…)

June 21, 2012

Tuesday I posted on an article by Justin Barrett contained in The Blackwell Companion to Science and Christianity. This book, edited by J. B. Stump and Alan Padgett, consists of scholarly essays covering a variety of topics relating to the discussion of science and the Christian faith. The contributors range from believers to skeptics and approach the topics from a variety of different angles. Justin Barrett is a Christian and his study of psychology of religion has not led him to banish God from the picture. Many others, however, take a different view. Today I would like to look at an article by Dylan Evans The Third Wound: Has Psychology Banished the Ghost from the Machine?

Dylan Evans has a Ph.D. in philosophy, training in psychology, and has published a number of books including Placebo: Mind over Matter in Modern Medicine. He was a Lecturer in Behavioral Science at the School of Medicine, University College Cork at the time The Blackwell Companion went to press. I believe he has since left his position at Cork.

Like Barrett, Evans explores the psychology of religion. Unlike Barrett, Evans believes that the study of psychology has dealt a death blow to Christianity as a justified belief. The cosmological challenges raised by Galileo and Copernicus and the biological challenge raised by Darwin and his theory of evolution by natural selection are, he claims, minor in comparison to the challenges raised by a better scientific understanding of psychology.

There are three specific issues Evans raises in his argument that psychology has banished Christianity from any serious, rational consideration. These are worth looking at and considering because they raise doubts and concerns that confront many Christians, that lead to loss of faith for some as they grow and learn, and that prevent non-Christians from considering the gospel message.

The Virgin Mary in Glass, Image from Wikipedia

Human Error.The first issue Evans discusses is that of human error. Here he looks at some of the same ideas considered by Barrett, and some other studies as well, but comes to different conclusions. He cites Barrett among others in his discussion. Human beings are adept at pattern recognition. We are more likely to identify a pattern in a random phenomenon than to mistake a true pattern for chaos. This leads to a tendency to attribute causation to an event when no causal connection exists. The same capacity for pattern recognition is seen in cases where religious faces (Jesus, the Virgin Mary etc.) are identified in a grilled cheese sandwich, a tortilla, or a recently cut willow tree.

The tendency to identify a causal connection when none exists was also identified in studies of pigeon behavior as early as 1948 – Evans cites a study by Skinner here. He also cites studies that suggest that paranormal thoughts and hallucinations are caused by high levels of dopamine in the brain. Thus the claim is that pattern recognition and the tendency to attribute causation is merely an adaptive attribute for survival with a purely chemical basis.

Hallucinations, “Chinese whispers” and natural human cognitive faculties explain away key characteristics of religious belief. By “shining a harsh light on the often prosaic nature of religious experience as a natural phenomenon” psychological research undermines any justified confidence in the supernatural truth of Christianity or any other religion.

Has psychology banished God?

Does a prosaic explanation of religious experience undermine justified belief?

(more…)

May 24, 2012

Tuesday morning Scot linked an article in the Chronicle of Higher Education Screening Out Introverts by William Pannapacker. The article is a comment on a new book by Susan Cain Quiet: The Power of Introverts in a World That Can’t Stop Talking. From the publisher’s description:

Taking the reader on a journey from Dale Carnegie’s birthplace to Harvard Business School, from a Tony Robbins seminar to an evangelical megachurch, Susan Cain charts the rise of the Extrovert Ideal in the twentieth century and explores its far-reaching effects. … She questions the dominant values of American business culture, where forced collaboration can stand in the way of innovation, and where the leadership potential of introverts is often overlooked.

The megachurch Cain refers to in her book is Saddleback, founded and led by Rick Warren. Ch. 2 The Myth of Charismatic Leadership begins with a discussion of Tony Robbins followed by a section on The Harvard Business School and the pros and cons of quick, assertive, charismatic leadership vs quiet methodical decision making. In the last section of the chapter Cain recounts a visit to Saddleback accompanied by Adam McHugh author of Introverts in the Church: Finding Our Place in an Extroverted Culture.

Since services are just about to start, there is little time to chat. … We head to the main Worship Center where Pastor Warren is about to preach.

… I can’t help but think of Tony Robbins’s “Unleash the Power Within” seminar. Did Tony base his program on megachurches like Saddleback, I wonder, or is it the other way around?

“Good morning, everybody!” beams Skip, who then urges us to greet those seated near us.(p. 67-68)

The megachurch culture, worship form, and values sets up an extroverted atmosphere. Leaders must be extroverts, there is little place for contemplation, conversation (not small talk – real conversation), and deep thinking. Everything is smiles and pleasantries and generalities with a vague avoidance of anything that may get too familiar. It is something like a cross between a trip to Disney World and your local shopping mall.

Is extroversion a virtue or merely a personality trait?

Should extroversion be a trait we value in church leadership?

(more…)

February 10, 2012

One of my friends, David Fitch, routinely opines about megachurches, and I often (as one attached at the hip to Willow Creek) say that whatever can be done in a small church can be done in a megachurch. Small groups, check; friends, check; group formation, check; corporate worship, check; corporate instruction, check; community embodiment of gospel, check. Yet…

What is lacking in megachurches is the same thing lacking in smaller churches, but it is more exaggerated in the megachurch. Corporate fellowship. Megachurches make obvious the fellowship issue. Namely, if you want a church that fellowships as a group, the bigger the church the less that can happen.

But the issue, so I want to argue, is not the size of the church. I do think megachurches can only come about because of this problem: the problem is individualism. One of the core issues in church dysfunctions today is individualism, which is a modernity issue and not just a church issue, and the church puts on display what it looks like when individualism takes deep root. The critique of the church as a consumerist culture is a species of individualism. Don’t get me wrong, we are individuals and as individuals we are accountable to God and to ourselves and to others and to the world, but being individuals and being infected with individualism are not the same thing. (Though some have almost identified the two.) It’s a matter of degree; when the critical mass shifts to me then we move from being individuals to becoming part of an individualism culture. When the gospel is about me and what it does for me, when the church service is measured by what it does for me, and when marriage has run its course because it is no longer doing anything for me … when these are observed, we are stuck in modernity’s individualism. (more…)


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