January 8, 2009

What happens to women in ministry when the ground on which they are standing suddenly shifts? That is, what happens to women who are “ordained” when the word “ordain” suddenly changes? That is the impact of the first chp in Gary Macy’s The Hidden History of Women’s Ordination: Female Clergy in the Medieval West.

Ordination is an ecclesial act so it shouldn’t be too hard to determine if women were ordained in the ancient church. So, Macy dips into the six-fold breakdown of Jean Morin, a famous liturgist who compiled what he could in 1655! Here are his six points:

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January 6, 2009

Macy.jpgBooks that even breathe the air of conspiracy theories rarely attract my interest, but I have been gathering for some time a variety of facts about women in ministry that are both unknown to the average Christian and, in my judgment, have been covered up. So, when I saw the title of Gary Macy‘s The Hidden History of Women’s Ordination: Female Clergy in the Medieval West, I was both wary and interested. The book proves something very important and I want to wander through this book in a few posts.

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December 1, 2008

One of the arguments of our new book,The Blue Parakeet, is that any church that calls itself biblical must permit women to do now what they did in the New Testament, and that includes prophesying, teaching, praying and founding churches. I was encouraged by the following letter. We want to hear today from those folks who are working at opening ministries to women … what are you struggling about? what gains are you finding? what strategies are helping? why the resistance to do what the Bible permits women to do?

Scot,

You do not know me, and I can only imagine the amount of email that you receive each day. I want to say this is a complimentary email – as the subject line may cause you wonder.This is in reference to your wonderful new book The Blue Parakeet: Rethinking How You Read the Bible

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November 13, 2010

I like all parts of the USA — well not all — but
nothing, and I mean nothing, beats good old Fall colors!

Is this about to be your first winter in winterlands like Chicago? Read this. And if you are Swedish, or Covenant, you might want to read Abby’s post and browse her pictures of Sweden.

J. Kameron Carter: “Or put differently one more time and much more succinctly: “post-racial” racism is now working in the register of religion.” Justin Topp’s four models for relating faith and science. Andy Rowell is among the many who illustrate how to read Karl Barth.

Karen‘s got a new Friday series going; bookmark it. It will be serious and fun at the same time.

Eugene Cho’s whatchamacallit. Ted ponders Veterans Day for a pacifist. Roger Olson sums up the differences between NT Wright and his critics on justification. Olson nails it, though I would add one more feature: deep in the heart of Tom’s critics is the necessity of an Augustinian anthropology shaping the problem that needs resolution.

This post appears on a morning when I will be having breakfast with my friend Jacob who teaches at Irish Bible Institute — and to make this post officially Irish, I link to my friend Patrick Mitchel who is posting on Blue Parakeet women in ministry passages. Speaking of women in ministry, iMonk’s site posted this by Angie Gage.

Tamara Buchan on the spirit of adoption.

An interview with former captive, Ingrid Betancourt, on her faith. An interview with former President George W. Bush.

Great post by Fr Rob — a must read for pastors: “I do not write this about myself, though this is what I aspire to.  I write it as I think about the teaching we heard this past weekend by a man who has been a pastor pastor for 42 years.  I have heard people who are widely regarded as some of the best speakers in the world, and for good reason.  I have benefited immensely from what they have said.  But I don’t know that I have ever heard better teaching than this. And I guess if I am completely honest, I am a little bit saddened by the way so many of the masses will flock to the glamour of the one, failing to appreciate the real treasure that may be found in the small, aging building just down the street.”

JR Briggs on the importance of listening. Gottareadthisone!

Don Johnson: Is it teaching or preaching? I say “preaching!” (Don, good to see Luke the other day.)

Traveling to speak in churches creates opportunities to meet worship leaders but more often simply listening in and observing them, and I can’t say enough about them. Here’s one to meet and listen to: Michael Boggs.

My own take on this picture is that Santa’s radar got messed up, he didn’t know how high he was flying, and the FAA is looking into it.

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May 20, 2019

Bob Allen

But for the Bible it’s about gifting. Authority is for God and God alone, not for males (or females). The Greek word, translated below by Mohler with the word “authority,” is authentein and that’s at best an iffy translation. It more likely means something like seizing power. (See a brief on this passage in Blue Parakeet.) And, to make matters clearer, the NT does permit women to teach (Priscilla) and it permits women to speak words from God called prophetic language (OT and NT), and that means this word authentein is not all kinds of verbal communication. And … and… and …

So, if Mohler’s SBC is so biblical I want to know if women are speaking words of prophecy? If they are praying in public worship? If they are teaching as did Priscilla? If they have designated apostles like Junia? If women prophets can be chosen over men prophets, like Huldah?

It is nothing but rhetorical presumptuousness for Mohler to say he’s surprised. Really? This issue is nothing new and it’s not going away. I’m not surprised by his response and he should not be responded that others think complementarianism can include female preachers. All he has to do is drive over to Asbury in his own state.

Southern Baptist seminary president Albert Mohler, who once long ago advocated women’s ordination, now says females should not preach from the pulpit on Sunday morning.

“If you look at the denominations where women do the preaching, they are also the denominations where people do the leaving,” the 59-year-old president of Southern Baptist Theological Seminary in Louisville, Kentucky, said May 10. [Bad history, which he clearly does not seem to know.] “I think there’s just something about the order of creation that means that God intends for the preaching voice to be a male voice.”

Responding to a question during an “ask anything” podcast, Mohler said he is a bit surprised by recent controversy about whether “complementarianism” – the idea that men and women are created for different and complementary roles – precludes women from teaching or holding authority over men.

“It’s a question of authority,” Mohler said. “I think that’s what makes people nervous, but the apostle Paul makes that argument ‘I forbid a woman to have authority over a man.’ This is where you go back to the original controversy in evangelicalism and in Southern Baptist life. What really was the key issue is biblical authority. Did the Holy Spirit inspire Paul to say that or not?”

“If the Holy Spirit did inspire Paul to say that, then it’s the word of God,” Mohler said. “It’s not just written to one place and one time. The very fact that he’s writing to Timothy in a general epistle means this is clearly for the entire church. And the patterns he gives also in the First Corinthians letter, it appears by any honest interpretation of Scripture to have general applicability.”

Allen finishes his piece by recounting Beth Moore’s recent statements, and what Beth Moore does is teaching, and she’s the most influential teacher in the SBC:

Contention over the issue of women in ministry in Southern Baptist life broke out recently on social media when prominent Bible teacher and author Beth Moore challenged a professor who singled her out for encouraging women to preach.

“I am compelled to my bones by the Holy Spirit – I don’t want to be but I am – to draw attention to the sexism and misogyny that is rampant in segments of the SBC, cloaked by piety and bearing the stench of hypocrisy,” Moore said in a series of tweets May 11.

Moore said she had “the eye opening experience of my life in 2016,” interpreted by many as a reference to strong evangelical support that helped elect President Donald Trump.

“All these years I’d given the benefit of the doubt that these men were the way they were because they were trying to be obedient to Scripture,” she continued. “Then I realized it was not over Scripture at all. It was over sin. It was over power. It was over misogyny. Sexism. It was about arrogance. About protecting systems. It involved covering abuses and misuses of power. Shepherds guarding other shepherds instead of guarding the sheep.”

May 6, 2019

 By Becky Castle Miller

When I started reading Rachel Held Evans’ blog years ago, I disagreed with her on most things. Today, as I try to comprehend the news of her death, I realize I agree with her on most things. It was the combination of her kindness and her questions that made the difference.

Rachel was one of the first Christian feminists I encountered, and, more broadly, one of the first Christian progressives. I grew up very conservative, just like she did, and we’re the same age—both 37 this year. But she started asking questions before I did, so that by the time I was facing the deconstruction of my faith in my late 20s, she was ready to be a guide to me.

She was relentlessly kind and thoughtful. She loved God and loved people. She engaged the Bible with respect, curiosity, and enthusiasm. The good fruit of her life gave the lie to the false stereotypes I had been taught about liberals. Though her beliefs on many theological subjects were different than mine, I couldn’t deny that she loved and followed Jesus. This was weird for me. I thought people who weren’t “likeminded” or didn’t have the same “worldview” as the fundamentalist evangelical subculture I was a part of weren’t good Christians…or maybe weren’t even Christians at all.

Rachel’s questions about American Christian beliefs helped me question things I had never even considered before, like what kind of person was I to be okay with believing in God-ordained genocide of Canaanite women and children? She broadened and deepened my view of the church. Followers of Jesus can be quite different from each other, unified only in him, and diverse in other perspectives. Followers of Jesus could believe in evolution or even—gasp—be Democrats!

My work today in an international church, with the greatest diversity I’ve ever encountered in one fellowship, is partly possible because of the ways Rachel opened my eyes. The diversity of the people she connected with and cared for has been evident over the past couple weeks as she has been in a medically induced coma. Since Easter, the least-similar group of people I’ve encountered on the internet has come together to pray for her, using the hashtag #prayforRHE to share their memories and prayers—atheists and Christians, exvangelicals and conservative evangelicals, rich/famous and poor/unknown, gay and straight and bi, black and white and brown—all connected over Rachel, because all had felt loved and touched by her. People wrote that though they hadn’t prayed in a long time, they were praying for her. Others wrote that though they no longer believed in miracles, they were hoping for a miracle for her. Others, still strong in faith due to Rachel’s influence, prayed liturgical prayers, charismatic prayers, fumbling and halting prayers. Others didn’t pray at all but joined in the outpouring of love.

The same astounding breadth of humanity has flooded my Twitter timeline today as we come together again, this time to grieve her death. People are thanking her for saving their faith, and others for literally saving their lives. Tyler Huckabee tweeted, “The sheer number of people on here crediting RHE with keeping their faith alive is just staggering. What a gift.” Nate Pyle replied, “For all the accusations, the fruit is making the case of her faithfulness.” Others who have lost faith or never had faith are speaking with great honor and respect of her caring example. Susan Harrison tweeted that Rachel “was a pastor to a gigantic, building-less church of struggling, sometimes cynical, but ultimately hopeful believers.” She touched so many with her kindness and her questions.

What has stood out most to me is the avalanche of women writing that Rachel was instrumental in their understanding and accepting their call to ministry and seminary. Caris Adel tweeted, “A generation of evangelical women owe their freedom to her.” Pastor Abby Norman tweeted, “I followed her voice right into my calling.”

I am one of those women. Back when I thought “feminist” was a dirty word, Rachel’s advocating for women’s equal place in the church and in marriage intrigued me. After frustrations with the limits placed on me in the church because of my femaleness piled up to a breaking point, I was ready to reexamine what the Bible said about women. Rachel’s book A Year of Biblical Womanhood was the first egalitarian book I read. A moment frozen in memory is the sunny day I sat on the edge of my bed reading her work on Proverbs 31 and crying with relief to know it’s not an impossible standard or an endless to-do list. It’s a poetic celebration of a woman of valor. Thousands of women learned the Hebrew phrase “eshet chayil” – woman of valor – from Rachel, and we’re applying it to her today to honor her courage. I wrote about the impact of Rachel’s words on my egalitarian journey on The Junia Project, a website I first heard about through Rachel’s blog.

I also owe Rachel for helping me get to know Scot McKnight’s work. I was vaguely aware of him because I had seen The Blue Parakeet recommended so many places, and just after I ordered it, Rachel did a Q&A with Scot on her blog. I started reading his blog, where I later learned about Northern Seminary’s MANT degree. Rachel’s and Scot’s books and blog posts helped me see that women could be pastors, which is when my long-time sense of passion for ministry work finally made sense, and I realized God was calling me to pastor. That led me to pursue seminary, which is how I’ve ended up studying with Scot. Rachel was a key part of that whole journey—I wouldn’t be where I am today without her words. As I was searching Rachel’s blog today, I came across this beautiful letter she wrote to Scot, which is emblematic of her generous and encouraging spirit.

Today I was laying on the couch, hot tears pouring across my face and pooling in my ear, attempting to take in this loss and reading the reflections of her friends and family. I am grateful for Rachel’s impact on my life. I am also sad, and I am angry, and I have so many questions for God. I don’t know why God didn’t miraculously heal her. How wonderful it would be, I thought over the past weeks as we prayed, for God to heal her completely, amazing her doctors and all of us! How much that would bolster the faith of those who prayed so haltingly. And God didn’t, and that’s confusing and hard, and I want to know why. So I look for the resurrection of the dead and the life of the age to come, and I’m also upset with God. As I was trying to find words for these thoughts, I found something Rachel wrote on grief in 2012, and I’ll let her have the final word: “So let’s grieve together. And let’s give one another the space to be shocked, to be pissed, to appeal to God, to be angry with God, to find peace in God, to question God, to want to take action, to want to wait, to blame, to pray, to be afraid, to be speechless, to vent, to lament, to speak up, to be silent, to pull our families close to us, to need some time alone.”

Becky Castle Miller is on the pastoral staff at Damascus Road International Church in Maastricht, Netherlands, as Discipleship Director. She is the co-author, with Scot McKnight, of the discipleship curriculum Following King Jesus. She conveys her five kids around town on bikes and studies New Testament in the middle of the night via Northern Live. Connect with her on Twitter and Instagram @bcastlemiller.

 

July 7, 2018

A week with a holiday in the middle mixes up a life a bit. In a good way, but we were wondering in this house all week long what day it was, but today’s Saturday and here are some fun Meanderings for your coffee time.

This is what I can do in retirement, but I’ll have to renew my lifeguard certificate to be a GeezerGuard.

Cooling off at a public pool this summer is tougher than in years past. That’s because fewer young people want to lifeguard these days, and some pools across the country have had to stay closed or have opened with shorter hours.

In Texas, cities are trying something different: recruiting senior citizens as lifeguards.

Kimberly McNeeley, with the City of Austin’s Aquatics Department, said the city of Austin, along with other Texas cities, had already tried a couple of things like boosting pay to $13 an hour to entice new recruits.

But the strategy only worked to a point.

So, McNeeley recently challenged her team to come up with an “outside-the-box” recruitment strategy to fill the city’s empty lifeguard posts. McNeeley said “outside-the-box” doesn’t mean: “Do what you always did.” Otherwise “you’ll always get what you always got.”

That’s when the idea to pull grandma and grandpa out of retirement and into lifeguarding surfaced.

To some, McNeeley’s idea is radical.

But it’s backed by the American Lifeguard Association.

B.J. Fisher, with ALA,  said seniors today may no longer have the chiseled bodies of their youth, but some are in great shape and “are very responsible.”

Plus, unlike many kids, older adults are perfectly fine with the “no cell phone” policy many cities have adopted for lifeguards.

David Brooks, Mr Rogers:

Often people are moved to tears by sadness, but occasionally people are moved to tears by goodness. That’s what happens to the audiences of “Won’t You Be My Neighbor?” the new documentary about Fred Rogers.

The documentary demonstrates how Rogers’s children’s show got started and how he used it over 30 years to teach and accompany children. It describes the famous opening sequence — Mister Rogers going to the closet, putting on the sweater, changing his shoes. It describes how he gently gave children obvious and nonobvious advice: You are special just the way you are; no, children can’t fall down the drains in the bathtub.

Sometimes he would slow down time, be silent for long periods as he fed his fish. Occasionally “Mister Rogers’ Neighborhood” touched politics. During the civil rights era, when black kids were being thrown out of swimming pools, Rogers and a black character bathed their feet together in a tub. After Bobby Kennedy was killed, Rogers gently explained what an assassination was.

There’s nothing obviously moving here, and yet the audience is moved: sniffling, wiping the moisture from their cheeks. The power is in Rogers’s radical kindness at a time when public kindness is scarce. It’s as if the pressure of living in a time such as ours gets released in that theater as we’re reminded that, oh yes, that’s how people can be.

Moral elevation gains strength when it is scarce.

But there’s also something more radical going on. Mister Rogers was a lifelong Republican and an ordained Presbyterian minister. His show was an expression of the mainline Protestantism that was once the dominating morality in American life.

Flutist Pay Injustice

Boston Symphony Orchestra principal flutist Elizabeth Rowe has filed a lawsuit against the orchestra, claiming that she is making substantially less each year than her closest peer — a man….

Rowe says that she is currently the top-paid female principal player in the BSO, while the BSO’s principal oboist, John Ferrillo, is the symphony’s top-paid male principal musician. According to the BSO’s 2016 IRS Form 990, Ferrillo was paid $286,621, the largest salary paid to any BSO principal musician. (Violinist Malcolm Lowe — the orchestra’s concertmaster, who serves as something of a liaison between the symphony’s musicians and its conductor — earned $415,402 in 2016.) The BSO’s three other highest-paid musicians — its principal trumpet, principal viola and timpanist — are all male.

Rowe says that Ferrillo’s role in the orchestra is the most comparable to her own, and yet she is paid approximately 75 percent of his earnings.

Along with playing next to Rowe for the past 14 years, Ferrillo was part of the hiring committee when Rowe auditioned for the BSO. Within Rowe’s lawsuit, he is quoted as calling Rowe “the finest orchestral flutist in North America and absolutely equal to himself.”

“Honey, I lost my toenails!” From what?

(CNN)After a young woman’s toenails started to separate from her toes, a doctor finally zeroed in on the reason: a fish pedicure, according to a report published Tuesday in the journal JAMA Dermatology.

Six months prior, the woman had dunked her feet in a tub of water filled with tiny fish called Garra rufa that will eat dead human skin when no plankton are around. It wasn’t until later on that she noticed her nails beginning to shed.
“I think that this is probably more common than we think,” said the report’s author, Dr. Shari R. Lipner, an assistant professor of dermatology at Weill Cornell Medicine and director of the nail division.
“We don’t see the [nail] shedding until months after the event, so I think it’s hard for patients and physicians — especially if they’re not even aware that fish pedicures can do this — to make that connection,” she said.

That’s good news:

CHICAGO (AP) — Go ahead and have that cup of coffee, maybe even several more. New research shows it may boost chances for a longer life, even for those who down at least eight cups daily.

In a study of nearly half-a-million British adults, coffee drinkers had a slightly lower risk of death over 10 years than abstainers.

The apparent longevity boost was seen with instant, ground and decaffeinated, results that echo U.S. research. It’s the first large study to suggest a benefit even in people with genetic glitches affecting how their bodies use caffeine.

Overall, coffee drinkers were about 10 percent to 15 percent less likely to die than abstainers during a decade of follow-up. Differences by amount of coffee consumed and genetic variations were minimal.

The results don’t prove your coffee pot is a fountain of youth nor are they a reason for abstainers to start drinking coffee, said Alice Lichtenstein, a Tufts University nutrition expert who was not involved in the research. But she said the results reinforce previous research and add additional reassurance for coffee drinkers.

“It’s hard to believe that something we enjoy so much could be good for us. Or at least not be bad,” Lichtenstein said.

Ted’s good word:

Right now in the United States we’ve reached a danger point, I believe, with a growing rift politically, which at the extremes is becoming more and more hostile. There seems to be no middle ground in which people who differ can stand and attempt to reason, and work through differences, to arrive to at least some conclusion, which in the nature of the case would ordinarily always be ongoing. I think this was what the Founding Fathers of the United States wanted as the ideal. Not that the U.S. has always lived up to that well.

The church needs to stand in that gap, regardless of where we are politically as individuals. This especially needs to be church led, and Christians should be part of it, of course. It is the salvation through the gospel, and the healing that comes with it that is needed today. What I said on Facebook yesterday:

What the church in large part needs to be here and now is a healing presence through the gospel. Salvation where needed, and the healing that comes with it, in and through Jesus. Across the political divides, and every other divide. What I want to major on and be part of.

We must confess where we’ve been part of the problem. And there is a time to speak up, don’t get me wrong. But how we do it makes all the difference in the world. If we demonize our opponents, and make it a good versus evil contest, then we fail to recognize and acknowledge our own part we’ve played in the breakdown, both in what we’ve done and left undone.

The gospel in and through Jesus is cross-centered, and we’re all included in the sin that Jesus took on himself there. We’re no better than anyone else; we’re all in need of God’s grace. Before there can be better solutions to problems, which are more God-honoring, there has to be a change in our hearts. And it must begin with us. We are the ones that must lead the way.

For it is time for judgment to begin with God’s household; and if it begins with us, what will the outcome be for those who do not obey the gospel of God? And,

“If it is hard for the righteous to be saved,
    what will become of the ungodly and the sinner?”

Emily Green:

In El Salvador’s capital, San Salvador, people drive around with their car windows closed to avoid petty theft. But when they enter neighborhoods controlled by gangs, they keep their car windows open, to show their faces. That way the gangs know they’re not an enemy.

In the center of one such neighborhood, known as La Dina, a tiny Baptist church sits on a narrow street. In a neighborhood notorious for violence, it is the one place gangs leave alone.

The church underscores the growing ties between gangs in El Salvador and evangelical Christianity. In a country where Roman Catholicism has traditionally predominated, evangelicalism is growing and has gained the respect and endorsement of gangs — a rare point of agreement even for rival groups like Barrio 18 and MS-13, the country’s two biggest gangs.

It has also left many boys and men growing up in gang-controlled areas with stark choices: According to academic research and interviews with pastors and former gang members, their only alternative to joining a gang — or getting out of one — is to become a devoted member of an evangelical church. …

Tattoos cover his face. The number 18 is tattooed 18 times on his body, a reference to his past allegiance to the Barrio 18 gang. During his years in the gang, he says, he kidnapped and robbed, and he raped women. He was sentenced to prison for those crimes, and thanks to an evangelical pastor there, he found God. That was nine months ago. Now, he says, God knows about his past and has forgiven him.

If he had stayed active in the gang he would very likely have been killed, he says. Now that’s he is out, being a casual churchgoer isn’t an option. The gangs check up on former members to see how often they attend services and whether they are drinking or smoking on the side. They want to make sure former members don’t engage in criminal activity on the side that could ever pose a threat.

“I’m a Christian. And the gang respects that,” Montano says. “But if I fail as a Christian, they will kill me.”

Yes, she is fiercely opinionated: Martina Navratilova…

Q: What’s the highest price you’ve paid for being outspoken?
A: When Magic Johnson tested positive for HIV. Everybody was “Oh, poor Magic.” He slept with at least a thousand women by his own admission. I actually met Magic, I love him, I think he is an amazing person and, of course, basketball player. But what I said then, was that if this was a woman they would be calling her a whore. With Magic they were feeling sorry for him. If it was a woman they would say, “She had it coming.” I said that and I caught a lot of s— for that. I am like, this is the truth! It was such a double standard.

Q: Regrets?
A: None whatsoever! I just wish I had Twitter then.

One can’t map one’s recommendations onto to what one believes but this list of recommended reading by Bill Gates is at least fascinating:

Microsoft made Bill Gates a household name but it’s his work beyond the tech sphere that keeps him in the headlines. One half of The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, he pours his efforts — and money — into healthcare and poverty reduction, while funding Breakthrough Energy Ventures which tackles climate change by investing in clean energy research.

Gates is also a keen advocate of self-education. He believes that reading is key to humans bettering themselves, informing themselves about the state of the world, and creating a better future. Thus, he often shares what he’s reading. In fact, over the years, he’s recommended over 185 titles, spanning topics from global development to psychology. You can check out the following titles on Blinkist.

June 19, 2017

J.W. Wartick: he holds an MA in Christian apologetics from Biola University. His interests include philosophy of religion, theology, paleontology, running, and sci-fi and fantasy novels. He writes at jwwartick.com. He loves walking with God alongside his wife, Beth.

This article appeared in the print version of Mutuality as “Text or Pretext: Loving Scripture, Living Egalitarian”

I was raised complementarian. More importantly, I was raised in something of a theological echo chamber where my complementarian convictions went undisputed. All diligent Bible readers would obviously conclude that men were to lead, and even more obviously, that women were not to be pastors. What could be simpler?

For reading on this topic, I have The Blue Parakeet.

By college, I had only a working understanding of why I was complementarian. Nevertheless, my confidence in that position was quite strong—strong enough that when I met a young woman on campus studying to be a pastor, I concluded she must not take the Bible very seriously. After all, how could she? Complementarianism was the plain and simple teaching of Scripture.

Indeed, the myth that egalitarians do not take Scripture seriously exists both in complementarian circles and outside the church. In a conversation with a friend who is an atheist, I was surprised to hear that, though he respected my commitment to the equality of men and women, he did not believe I could also have a high view of Scripture. I was taken aback, given that my commitment to egalitarian theology stems from deep and intentional exploration of Scripture.

Why do so many people assume that egalitarians dismiss the Bible’s teaching? How do we confront this misconception? Most importantly, do egalitarians take Scripture seriously? Is it possible to hold a high view of Scripture while also advocating for equality of men and women in church and home?

I ran full-on into this theological dilemma as a somewhat naive college student. On the one hand, I had my presuppositions about egalitarians. On the other, I was confronted by a woman studying to be a pastor and capable of engaging with me on biblical topics throughout the whole of Scripture. She did not strike me as someone who would so readily dismiss what the Bible taught on one issue, having clearly done a great deal of thinking on so many others.

I strove to explore the issue more deeply. I realized that when she asked why I opposed women in ministry, my trite—and only—response was: “The Bible says so.” I couldn’t even articulate why I thought as much; it was just an assumed background belief.

Confronted with a challenge to my convictions, I responded like so many do. Instead of examining the arguments of those with opposing views, egalitarians, I explored a great deal of complementarian literature. I began my inquiry with a book questioning the role of women as pastors, produced by my own denomination’s publishing house.

What struck me was not the depth of the complementarian argument, but rather the constant emphasis on a few verses, ripped from their context and narrowly applied to one issue—women’s role. I was even more troubled when the author argued for the eternal subordination of God the Son to the Father as an analogy for male-female relations. It disturbed me that a complementarian theologian would enlist the doctrine of God to make points in biblical anthropology.

Then, on a vacation with my then-girlfriend, I discovered something I didn’t even realize existed: a scholarly egalitarian book. While browsing the shelves of a bookstore, I saw Philip B. Payne’s Man and Woman: One in Christ. The title was intriguing, so I picked it up and started paging through it. My astonishment at his opening sentences was great:

My belief in both inerrancy and the equality of man and woman may seem absurd to many on each side of the egalitarian/complementarian divide. How can a thinking textual critic with an enlightened egalitarian view still cling to the notion of biblical inerrancy? Conversely, how can someone who believes everything taught by God’s inspired Word come to the position that the Bible permits women to teach and exercise authority over men in the church? 1

The rhetorical questions he asked were the same questions I was suddenly asking myself, and they were the same questions others had posed when I began questioning the complementarian position. I walked out of the bookstore with my new purchase in hand and spent much of the rest of the weekend devouring it.

Payne’s book and the many other scholarly egalitarian works I later read revealed that my preconceptions about egalitarians were entirely mistaken. Time and again, I found that my own reading of Scripture was simplistic. By contrast, the egalitarian reading took into account the whole wisdom of God. Complementarian scholars often cited a single verse or two torn from their context to prove their position while egalitarian scholars read and engaged the entire passage in its canonical, historical, and biblical context. The depth of egalitarian scholarship was matchless.

My journey into egalitarian theology is not unique but it helpfully indicates that presuppositions about egalitarians run deep. I was raised in the church, went to private Christian schools, and even attended a conservative Lutheran university. At no point did I seriously interact with egalitarian theology. The notion of women being pastors was dismissed as blatantly contradictory to various proof texts, and no egalitarian theologians were engaged.

This allowed for the idea that egalitarians do not take Scripture seriously to thrive unchallenged in my mind. It also suggests that those who oppose egalitarian theology may do so out of ignorance rather than serious study and rejection of egalitarian thought. A humble approach to those with whom we disagree can open doors to broader study of egalitarian thought. Rather than meeting dismissal with dismissal, we can direct complementarians to thorough, thoughtful studies by egalitarian scholars.

My journey also proves that presuppositions can be challenged and even overcome. As we advocate for the full partnership of men and women in the church and home, we ought to be reaching out to those who disagree with us. It is easy for egalitarians to become frustrated when people make assumptions about our beliefs, especially our respect for Scripture. But we can gracefully engage those false assumptions with further discussion, in the hope that increased dialogue will prompt a theological shift. Moreover, we can simply demonstrate through our actions and writing that Scripture is, in fact, the very reason we are egalitarian to begin with. The simplest way to overcome a presupposition is to demonstrate exceptions to it.

Finally, my experience underscores the immense importance of a support network during this difficult theological shift. When I became an outspoken egalitarian, I was drawn into heated disputes with friends and family who believed I had abandoned my faith, or at the very least, was sliding down a slippery slope. Because they shared my former false presupposition about egalitarians’ disregard for Bible teaching, they assumed that I must necessarily abandon faith in Scripture’s trustworthiness. I did lose friends, and those who stayed with me asked why I had changed so thoroughly. What I needed—and received—was the support of many egalitarian friends who provided a shoulder to cry on and a place to vent, and who guided me in further research as I continued my prayerful journey.

Notes

  1. Payne’s own words here show the very kind of misconceptions about egalitarians that often come up, thus pointing to the fact that few acknowledge the true breadth of the egalitarian position.
April 11, 2017

Here’s how to subvert gender stereotypes in the church:

1. Apply masculine metaphors (like spiritual warriors, athletes, bravery/courage) to all believers, including women.
2. Apply feminine metaphors (like maternal terms, romance and marriage) to all believers, including men.
3. Apply feminine metaphors to men in particular (like the work roles of women, like the Bride of Christ).

Yes, in other words, re-frame the issues through reforming gender stereotypes.

A story: one time a former student of mine, a known complementarian, called me to tell me how much he appreciated Jesus Creed. We chatted awhile and, since this person was not in the habit of calling me, I figured something was up. It was. He shifted topics to my chapter on Mary and said this: “I couldn’t relate because every story in the chp was about women.” Bingo! That’s the strategy and the unmasking of how often males use male-only stories without ever wondering if women can relate. Let the blue parakeet sing, and let the bass voice add its own voice to the song.

Screen Shot 2016-11-26 at 10.57.55 AMYes, in other words from the above three item list, follow the apostle Paul according to Cynthia Westfall, in her fine book Paul and Gender. Yes, the apostle Paul.

Here is a fuller display of evidence with the above categories:

1. Apply masculine metaphors (like spiritual warriors, athletes, bravery/courage) to all believers, including women.

Spiritual warriors: Ephesians 6:10-17; Rom 13:12; 1 Thess 5:8
Athletes: 1 Cor 9:24-27; Phil 3:13-15; 4:2-3
Bravery, courage, manhood: 1 Cor 16:13

2. Apply feminine metaphors (like maternal terms, romance and marriage) to all believers, including men.

Maternal: Gal 4:19; 1 Cor 3:1-2; 1 Thess 2:6-7
Romance: 2 Cor 11:1-3
Marriage: Eph 5:21-23

3. Apply feminine metaphors to men in particular (like the work roles of women, like the Bride of Christ).

Eph 5:26, 27, 29

April 3, 2017

Mimi’s post, originally at Missio Alliance, illustrates how the term “complementarian” has a history. It was originally the term used by what is now called egalitarians; thus, they were complementarian without hierarchy. The term as used by complementarians is not so much complementarian but hierarchical in primary connotation with distinction of roles.

What did women do? is a question I ask in Blue Parakeet, and I happily commend the work of Mimi Haddad all the time.

Mimi Haddad is President of Christians for Biblical Equality International.

Do egalitarians overlook the deeper truths of Scripture to promote social-economic equality? Does our commitment to biblical gender equality render us secular wolves dressed as biblical lambs?

In “The Bible Never Says All Men Are Created Equal: How the New Testament Offers a Higher Calling than the Declaration of Independence,” Andrew Wilson wonders why Galatians 3:28 is so often cited as the biblical basis for gender equality when the Greek term for equality, equity, and fairness (isotes) is strangely missing from this passage.

The question of oneness

According to Wilson, Scripture does not teach that Jews are equal to Gentiles; that slaves are equal to masters; or that women are equal to men. For Wilson, the point of Galatians 3:28 is not that Jews and Greeks, slaves and free, and males and females are equal in Christ, but that they are made one in Christ. Wilson argues that oneness is too often confused, thinned, and compromised by an “all men are created equal” rhetoric enshrined in treatises like the US Declaration of Independence.

Wilson does, however, acknowledge the biblical notion of equality (in 2 Cor. 8:13-14 and Col. 4:1) as it elevates right, fair, and dignified treatment regardless of “class, sex, race or subgroup.” Yet, for Wilson, Christians too often substitute Scripture’s deeper path of oneness, partnership, and joint-inheritance for individualist notions of “equal access to entitlements and privileges.”

Wilson claims that this error leads some toward a “sameness” that flattens the rich diversity within the body of Christ (e.g. if the whole body were an eye), particularly between men and women. At his core, Wilson is seeking to trade what he sees as an anachronistic and secular modernist concept of equality for a more biblical approach.

Of course, given the historical and cultural distance between Paul’s world and ours today, it is challenging to accurately interpret Scripture without imposing modern concepts on ancient voices. And for years, critics of egalitarianism have argued that biblical gender equality is not only a foreign concept to the Bible, but it is also one that promotes gender confusion and sameness.

Perhaps it is not that gender equality leads to gender confusion or sameness but that our oneness in Christ gives rise to a sameness of social ethic. Let me explain.

An example of exegesis

Though the word “equality” (isotes) is not used in Galatians 3:28, the passage is seen as the foundation of gender equality—not because physical differences are obliterated but because ontological differences are! That is, any rationale for superiority based on race, class, or gender is eclipsed by our newness of life in Christ—an ethic that stands at odds with all oppression.

To be one in Christ as Jew and Greek, slave and free, and male and female is to become a new creation which experiences a new realm of existence that ultimately conquers not only death, but also sin and prejudice (Romans 6:1- 23). In other words, Galatians 3:28 is the highest expression of individual and therefore corporate renewal. For this reason, the passage was inscribed on ancient baptismal fonts to illustrate the renewing power of Christian rebirth.

Remember, the early Christian baptismal fonts were often shaped like tombs or wombs. The idea being, when you entered the waters of your baptism, you died with Christ to all false gods and to sin’s domination and entered oneness with Christ. It was also the womb that birthed your new life, your new ontology or existence. In rising out of the waters, you became a new creation. That is why Galatians 3:28 was inscribed on ancient baptismal fonts to signify the impact of our new existence. As Paul notes in Galatians 3: 27-29:

As many of you as were baptized into Christ have clothed yourselves with Christ. There is no longer Jew or Greek, there is no longer slave or free, there is no longer male and female; for all of you are one in Christ Jesus. And if you belong to Christ, then you are Abraham’s offspring, heirs according to the promise.

To be clothed in Christ does not alter our physical selves, making us one sex, race, or social class. That would be absurd. Being clothed in Christ makes us one body, harmonious in Jesus despite the hostilities arising because of our physical selves and their social privileges. While our physical selves and their social station persist, even so, we now belong to Christ and inherit not only life eternal, but a higher ethical life.

For this reason, the eminent Bible scholar, F.F. Bruce asserts that Galatians 3:28 promotes not sameness of race, class, or gender but sameness of new life: a new race of people are born of the Spirit and are therefore no longer divided by social or economic hostilities.

Therefore, what Christ accomplished on Calvary (soteriology) in creating a new race, shapes and is inseparable from how the church functions (ecclesiology), namely placing God’s work ahead of race, economic, or gender barriers or hostilities.

Putting it all together

While Wilson fears that egalitarians read Galatians 3:28 anachronistically, that was—I believe—Paul’s point! Newness of life is lived differently, and therefore parts company with ancient prejudices. Christ placed New Covenant people and their practices at odds with their own culture (both Jew and Greek) precisely because oneness in Christ meant that the eyes, ears, hands, and feet of the church are no longer Jewish, free, and male, nor are they androgynous.

Rather, the eyes, ears, hands and feet of the church are both Jewish and Greek, they are both free and enslaved, and they are both male and female. This is why the disciples found Christ’s welcome of women and Greeks so unsettling. And, those living under Roman law also maintained a hierarchy of free over slave, and male over female, and as such they were equally disturbed by the church’s egalitarian practices. But Paul persisted.

In writing to the church in Galatia, Paul is astonished that they so quickly succumb to a perverse gospel: one that pleases people but in doing so, offends God (Gal. 1: 1-10). But, as Paul tells us, the gospel he received was not of human origins but revealed through Christ (Galatians 1:12).

The gospel promoted not circumcision of the flesh but of the heart (Romans 2:29). It did not divide people by food taboos, but united them through agape meals where all were welcome at the table. Though born of the spirit, the church at Galatia experienced divisions based on race, class, and gender which stymied their life, service, and witness as the church.

Therefore, the oneness Paul evokes in Galatia is not access to spiritual renewal (soteriology) because they were already believers. What Paul is calling for is the functional and ethical renewal (ecclesiology) of newness in Christ. They were born again, but now they needed to grow up! For the sake of the church and its mission, the privileges of the Jew are now those of the Greek, the privileges of the free are now those of the slave, and the privileges of males are now those of females.

They were born again, but now they needed to grow up!CLICK TO TWEET

Philemon and Onesimus

Consider the life of Onesimus, Philemon’s slave. Paul calls masters to give their slaves “what is right and fair” (2 Corinthians 8:13-14) just as he tells Philemon to receive Onesimus as a brother, a term that points to their oneness and new life in Christ (Philemon 1:16). Onesimus and Philemon share a spiritual rebirth—a spiritual or ontological sameness with ethical and functional consequences. What is the result of their new life in Christ?

Philemon releases Onesimus, who becomes useful not only to Paul but to the entire church. Onesimus becomes bishop of Ephesus. In releasing Onesimus, the ethical realities of unity, oneness, fairness, love and justice triumph over prejudice and domination.

Consider also the depth of oneness on display in Ephesians chapter 5, not only between believers who mutually submit to one another (5: 21), but also between husband and wife in marriage. Notice that Paul appeals to those with the most cultural privilege to be the first to love as Christ did, sacrificially. Husbands must be the first to demonstrate the new reality (or ontology) of oneness in Christ, not because of their gender, but because of the cultural privilege that came with gender. Paul is asking them to live out a deeper and eternal reality (and social ethic). The gift of Christ is not like the curse, as Paul states in Romans 5:15.

Our sameness of spiritual rebirth imparts a new social ethic, including service without prejudicial barriers. Our material or bodily differences remain part of the rich diversity God intended for humanity, and are the foundation of a strong and vital church. Unfortunately, they have too often resulted in division, marginalization, and oppression—as noted in the church at Galatia.

Yet, Paul evokes our union in Christ and our unity as Christians as the basis of our ultimate identity and destiny—shaped not by our physical birth but by a shared spiritual rebirth.

Our new being and ontology is not a material state but an invisible, eternal reality. Thus, when egalitarians (or biblical mutualists) argue that it is not race, gender, or class that equips an individual for service but character. They appeal to a new social ethic mandated by oneness in Christ. The sameness egalitarians celebrate is not androgyny but a sameness of spiritual rebirth.

We are committed to service without prejudice because we are a new creation and therefore, one in Christ. Indeed, equality is a thin word compared to the oneness that results from our rebirth in Christ. And yet, equality of service is precisely what our oneness inspires—a dismantling of human barriers and hostilities that will change the world.


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