Culpepper’s Clever Categories for History of Markan Scholarship (Gupta)

The history of Markan studies up until the current period can be sketched in five eras: (1) the clumsy Mark (the church fathers until the rise of modern critical study), (2) the chronicler Mark (the source critics), (3) the compiler Mark (the form critics), (4) the clever Mark (the redaction critics), and (5) the creative Mark (the narrative critics). (p. 4, Mark Smyth & Helwys)