BEN: Let’s talk for a moment about a subject you indirectly bring up on pp. 50ff. I am referring to the early Jewish Christian use of marana tha. Do you think this was prayer language invoking Jesus to come (a second time), or was it more like ‘Immanuel’ ‘our lord has come’? RICHARD: I think it is a prayer to Jesus to come, and it is echoed at the end of Revelation in Greek: “Come, Lord Jesus” (22:20). BEN: I... Read more

BEN: Why was it that by the time of Jesus, or a bit before, Jews were avoiding pronouncing YHWH, the divine name, but rather were using circumlocutions, even using other divine terms like LORD. Help us understand this reticence. Is it because of the holiness of God, and out of respect for that? Some Christian theologians have suggested that by the time of Jesus, God’s people felt God was distant, after all they had endured exile, and that Jesus’s offering... Read more

BEN: While, as you say, God is self-determining, at the same time he has chosen to relate to people in ways that involve a love relationship, which inherently requires some freedom on the part of both parties. Love cannot be predetermined, manipulated, coerced etc. To me this means that while God is self-determining, what he has decided to do is limit himself, and allow other beings, angels and humans to have viable choices about how they relate to Him. They... Read more

BEN: In reading your second chapter in this book I was reminded of Luther’s language about ‘Deus Absconditus’ the God who sometimes hides himself or protects his identity from being fully known by humans. And I take your point about not giving Moses some kind of name that he or others might think they could use to control God or get what they want from God. Telling people ‘I will be what I will be’ is an avoidance of such... Read more

BEN: Particularly fascinating is what you say about John 1.51 compared to the Jacob at Bethel story. You point out that Jesus is saying he is the staircase to heaven, the means into an intimate relationship with the Father. But he is also somehow like the pole with the snake that Moses lifted up. I would imagine that these two concepts were very difficult for Gentiles not educated in the OT to understand. Both images seem to convey Jesus is... Read more

BEN: Let’s talk about the temple and tabernacle and how both convey the notion that God is with his people, the former in a fixed place, the latter as God on the move with his people. What do these attempts to localize the presence of God, even when his people are on the move, really tell us about God? How much of this would you see as an example of divine condescension, by which I mean God presenting himself to... Read more

As many of you will know, Nashville is where rock n’ roll went to die… and many of the rockers are studio musicians there now. Well, a group of them who love the music of Toto got together and formed a band, and were going to tour just before the pandemic hit…. so here are some samples of their incredible performances both before and during social distancing, creating great quarantunes– yep I said it. Be prepared to be blown away!... Read more

BEN: One of the more rich concepts you deal with in this book is God’s immanence or personal presence with various individuals and groups of persons. This is something different from the more nebulous notion of God’s omnipresence, not least because it is linked specifically to God’s free choices— for example, he chooses to appear to that scoundrel Jacob who is on the run, at the bottom of a heavenly staircase. What does the loaded phrase ‘I will be with... Read more

BEN: Let’s talk about the much debated Hebrew word hesed. I remember having a chat with Walt Bruegemman at Baylor about this and he was insisting the term means a very specific kind of love— love and loyalty to one’s covenant partners. I was not persuaded the term had these kinds of specific limitations. Hesed is used in the OT to describe both Rahab’s kindness to the spies and Ruth’s relationship to someone she had no covenant relationship with. Furthermore,... Read more

BEN: Recently, an OT scholar, Michael Heiser, has suggested that the reason God relates to human beings as he does, and relentlessly pursues his plan of redemption is because God wants a human family to dwell with forever. Would you see this as compatible with some of the emphases in your study? If so how so? I can’t imagine God inherently needing a human family, since in a sense, the Trinity itself is a divine family of sorts involving love... Read more