2019-03-13T08:54:50-04:00

 

Those who keep up with me on this blog know that I’ve been doing some things with Scandinavian Christians.  In Finland a while back, I spoke at an apologetics conference about imagination and the arts, drawing on my recent book with Matt Ristuccia, Imagination Redeemed:  Glorifying God with a Neglected Part of Your Mind.

(Also from that conference:  I met and was introduced to the work of Klaus Härö, a major award-winning Finnish filmmaker, who happens to be an evangelical, Lutheran Christian.  More on him later after I finish tracking down all of his movies that are available here.)

As I have blogged about, the mission societies in the Scandinavian countries–rather than the state churches–are the bastions of conservative, evangelical, Lutheran, confessional Christianity.  And they continue to do the work that got them started a couple of centuries ago:  sending missionaries.  Having played a big role in the evangelization of Africa, as well as starting churches in the early days of the United States, the mission societies today do not draw back from some of the toughest and most dangerous challenges, such as reaching Muslims in Afghanistan.

I was approached by a missionary to Israel, Terho Kanervikkoaho, who was at the conference and who is the editor of Mishkan, a journal for Israeli Christians and Jewish Christians more generally.  (See, for example, their two special issues on Luther and the Jews, here and here.)  They were planning an issue focusing on the arts and invited me to contribute.

I thought that the perfect topic would be what I had already written about the calling and the gifts of Bezalel, the artist of the Tabernacle, a topic that opens up into the other teachings of the Bible about the arts.  I wrote about this in my book State of the Arts:  From Bezalel to Mapplethorpe.  That section, in turn, was taken from my very first book, The Gift of Art:  The Place of the Arts in Scripture.

So I got permission from my publisher, Crossway, to reprint the two key chapters as a contribution to Mishkan.  You can read the article here.

It was strange and oddly gratifying to work over material from my very first book–which got me started as a Christian writer–having retired and now being closer to the end of my writing career.  Bezalel represents the first treatment of vocation in the Bible.  At the time, I mentioned that, but little did I know that I would be studying vocation much more extensively, to the point of writing three books on the topic.  I saw in this project how my writing has had a unity throughout my career from beginning to end, all tied together here in a bow.

 

 

Illustration:  Bezalel and Oholiab, from the Nuremberg Bible Biblia Sacra Germanaica (15th century) [Public Domain] 

2019-02-01T10:34:43-05:00

Concordia Publishing House has a good blog going, with sections titled worship, read, study, teach, and serve.

I came across a post by Mason Vieth (no relation!), who quoted Luther’s commentary on the Christmas text in Luke.  He considers this verse:  “And this will be a sign for you: you will find a baby wrapped in swaddling cloths and lying in a manger” (Luke 2:12).  How are the manger and the swaddling clothes “a sign”?  What do they signify?  And Luther brings it around to vocation.

From What Luther Says About Luke 2:15-20:

“What it means to find Christ in such poverty, and what His swaddling clothes and manger signify, are explained in the previous Gospel [Luke 2:1–14]. His poverty teaches us to find Him in our neighbors, the lowliest and the most needy of them. His swaddling clothes are the Holy Scriptures. The result is that in our life of work we deal with the needy, but in our life of study and meditation we deal only with the Scriptures. Thus Christ alone is important for both lives; He stands before us in every purpose” (LW 75:254).

The Holy Scriptures contain Christ, they hold Him.  To study and meditate on God’s Word is like unwrapping swaddling clothes and finding a baby!  And the poverty of the baby Jesus–that he had to be laid in a manger, an animals’ trough–makes us realize that we ought not despise “the lowliest and the most needy.”  Indeed, that Christ can be found in the lowliest and the most needy and in all of our neighbors.  (Think how radical that would sound in Luther’s day, in the radically hierarchical and stratified medieval society.)

He is applying this to the two kinds of life that were often spoken of in that day:  the active and the contemplative.  Scholars and clerics devote themselves to thinking, to contemplation.  They have the “swaddling clothes” of Scripture.  Farmers, craftsmen, traders, officials, in their “life of work” “deal with the needy” and have the manger.

“He stands before us in every purpose.”

 

Illustration:  “Adoration of the Shepherds” (1622) by Gerard van Honthorst – Google Art Project, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=45542035

2019-01-20T21:40:14-05:00

It looks like marijuana will soon be legalized everywhere.  There is no organized opposition–not even among conservative Christians–so I see nothing that will stop it.  When that happens, it is likely to pass into general use.  Eventually, it may become a normal accompaniment of everyday life.  If that happens, how do you think widespread marijuana use will change the culture?

The apologists for the drug think it will be a medical panacea and that it will usher in an era of peace, love, and understanding.  The skeptics will make jokes about a stoned nation void of ambition and constantly afflicted with the munchies.  But, seriously, what might be its cultural effect?  Will people become less angry and more “mellow”?  What might marijuana do to our music, art, and entertainment?  (OK, maybe those are already created under the influence.)  Will a marijuana haze make the general public more introspective or more social?  Will people have the drive that built the nation or lapse into passivity?

I have no idea. But I do suspect that cultural marijuana will make people religious.  That is, having a particular kind of religion.  They will most emphatically not be scientifically-materialistic atheists.  But they will not necessarily be religious in a Christian sense, though perhaps Christians can get through to them.  The church would do well to prepare for this kind of “spirituality.”

The new strains of marijuana available today, I am told, are much more powerful than anything Baby Boomers experimented with in the 1960’s.  I am also told that different products sold in the dispensaries–and we now have one in our little rural town, though requiring an easily procured medical license–are marketed for different effects and different kinds of highs.  One of those is a high that is “mystical.”  Drugs are often said to “open the mind” to “transcendent experiences.”

I came across a post (HT:  George Strieter) from a couple of years ago from E. D. Watson, a writer and artist.  I believe she is a Catholic.  She describes her life-long yearning for mystical experience and tells how marijuana helped her to find that.  I urge you to read it all.  Note too why she gave it up.  Read it all, but here are some excerpts.

From E. D. Watson, CONFESSIONS OF A MYSTIC MANQUÉ:

As an undergraduate anthropology student, I took a class on worldwide religious rituals, wherein I learned that the whole point of drugs, as far as many non-industrial cultures are concerned, is access to the Divine. The idea of recreational drug use—getting stoned and playing hours of Mario Cart, say—would be blasphemous. . . .

The drug [marijuana] interrupted the steady stream of self-criticism that makes creative endeavors a slog. Moreover, I also found that when high, there was an easy, crystal-clear line of communication between myself and God. Sitting on the floor with paper and glue spread around me like a planetary ring, I could pose theories to God. I could ask questions. Responses arrived inside my mind without delay. The voice that spoke was not the familiar voice that narrates my near-constant internal chatter. It was gentle, vast, and succinct. Though I didn’t always like the answers, their inherent truth was undeniable.

But after a few years, I began to feel like God wanted me to stop.

I resisted at first. Why would God want me to stop doing the thing that allowed us to hang out together and have conversations? It was societal pressure, I decided. I was at the age where a person has to decide who and how they want to be. Did I want to be a status-quo person with clean urine and health insurance, or did I want to talk to God? That question was easy to answer.

I kept getting high, but it wasn’t the same anymore. I could still “hear” the voice I’d come to think of as God’s, but I began to detect a level of disappointment in our conversations. The voice, which was infinitely patient, never scolded me, but I could tell that It—whatever It was—was weary of the routine we’d established. This realization stung. . . .

Not long after that, I gave it up.

The silence stunned me like a hammer-blow. When I’d go outside, the sky was just the sky; the trees mere trees. There were no messages beneath the thin surface of reality. Nothing throbbed with meaning. To say that I missed God would be putting it lightly. The line had gone dead. I could have started smoking again, but I feared a cosmic rebuke. For months I was an excommunicant, roaming wordless wilds. My art and writing dried to a trickle. . . .

. . . True mystical experiences are not a cozy living room to which one might retire at leisure. They are conferred at God’s discretion, if at all. Drugs were, in hindsight, my way of trying to force God’s hand.

This is not inchoate “spirituality.”  This is a testimony of a theist.  God talks to her.  She talks to Him.  They chat.  She has a personal relationship with God.  They “hang out.”

This is a pure example of “enthusiasm,” of religion and of God Himself as sheer experience.  It is an attempt to know God wholly apart from His Word.

I won’t say that Watson approaches God with no sense of her sinfulness or that there is more to Him that she perceives.  She is a Christian at some level, and other of her writings show that she has a theology.  Here she senses God’s disapproval at their drug-enabled communion, feeling that He is disappointed in her.  Finally, she realizes that drugs are “my way of trying to force God’s hand,” that God must have the initiative, an intuition that we must be dependent on God’s grace.

People today have trouble even conceiving of God and they tend to be oblivious to spiritual reality.  Drugs can help that, I suppose, but at the cost of reducing Him to a mental sensation, a high.  And yet some Christians say that they get high on Jesus.  But if being high is what they get from Jesus, how is that any different than getting high on drugs?

Christianity is not about feelings, however mystical and transcendent, but about truth.  It has to do with language–God’s Word–and His coming in the flesh of Jesus Christ.  It’s about the Cross–Christ’s suffering and our suffering; His death and our death; His resurrection and our resurrection–and it is about vocation and loving and serving one’s neighbor.  Again, I’m pretty sure that Watson knows this, but a marijuana devotee–or a “Jesus-makes-me-high” devotee–might miss it all, while being quite satisfied by enjoying a constant religious high.

Rastafarians consider marijuana to be a sacrament.  The Native American Church uses peyote as a sacrament.  (Activists in Colorado, having legalized marijuana, are now working to legalize “magic mushrooms.”  Colorado will be so religious.)  Watson was using marijuana in that way, as a means of grace, as a way to connect with God.  The actual sacraments connect us to God by  faith.  And they do so through Christ.

How might Christians reach out to someone with a marijuana-infused religion?  Pastors, how would you deal with a member of your flock who is full of this kind of “experience” with God?  How can we penetrate the haze with the Law and the Gospel?

 

Photo:  “Forgive Me Father For I Have Sinned,” by Adrianna Broussard via Flickr, Creative Commons License

 

2019-01-06T19:38:52-05:00

Bach wrote liturgical music and choir cantatas built around hymns and Biblical texts.  But he also wrote “secular” music and purely instrumental compositions.  Some critics try to play those off against each other, to the point of maintaining that Bach was only “free” when he worked without the constraints of religion.  But serious scholarship shows that, for Bach, both his church music and his secular music were expressions of his Christian faith and specifically Lutheran theology (which sacralizes the “secular” with the doctrine of vocation).

How, though, can a Christian artist express the faith by means of form alone?  That is, for Bach, by means of instrumental music.  He would certainly have accepted the principle that faith comes by hearing of the Word, which means that language is necessary for proclaiming the Gospel.  And yet, he did things with musical form that also, less directly, carried a Christian meaning.

Michael Marissen, the author of Bach & God, takes up this topic in the New York Times, no less, showing how this plays out in The Brandenburg Concertos. (The link takes you to a performance of them all on YouTube.  Many who have said that they don’t like classical music change their tune, so to speak, when they hear these delightful, energetic, and stimulating works.)

I appreciate how our technology allows snippets of the music to be embedded in a work of musical criticism, so that the author can illustrate his observations with the actual music.  There are lots more such snippets in the original article, which I encourage you to read.  I’ll include a couple, with hopes that they carry over here.

From Michael Marissen, There’s More Religion Than You Think in Bach’s ‘Brandenburgs’, The New York Times:

. . .Each of the six “Brandenburgs” delves into issues of hierarchy and order. The Sixth is musically and socially the most unconventional of the set. Two violas, with cello, are pitted against two viols, with violone.

At the time, violas were customarily low-rent, undemanding orchestral instruments, while viols were high-end, virtuoso solo instruments. Bach reversed these roles, such that the violas perform virtuosic solo lines while the viols amble along in repeated eighth notes. Pursuing these two radical instrumental treatments within the same work was unprecedented (and wouldn’t be imitated)

It’s an excellent musical illustration of the time-honored theme of the “world upside down.” Visual examples include mice chasing cats; servants riding on horseback while noblemen have to go behind on foot; and peasants serving communion in the cathedral while priests sweep the adjacent streets.

These kinds of inversions play a significant part in Christian scripture, which frequently proclaims that with God the first shall be last while the last shall be first; the lowly shall be exalted while the exalted shall be brought low.

The function of the world upside down imagery in Bach’s Lutheranism, as in scripture, was not to foment earthly upheaval, but to inspire heavenly comfort: The hierarchies of this sinful world are a necessary injustice for the sake of order, but, in light of the equality that awaits the blessed in paradise, they are ephemeral.

A marvelous example of inverted imagery in Bach’s church cantatas is the fourth movement of “Whoever lets only the dear God rule” (BWV 93), where a soprano-alto duet gives voice to a hymn text by means of instrument-like countermelodies, while the violins and viola nonverbally intone the actual hymn tune. Voices and instruments, upside down.

All three movements of the Fourth “Brandenburg” feature a solo violin part that is continually overshadowed by a duo of lowly recorders. Today’s listeners revel in the violin’s isolated flurry of activity about three minutes into the first movement:

The audiences at Leopold’s palace, however, would have heard this as an egregious breach of musical and social decorum. The violin’s rowdy flare-up occurs not within an episodic solo section, as it ought properly to have done, but interloping into the start of the group refrain, an elegant French court dance led by the pair of recorders.

A parallel example of a soloist’s hollow virtuosity fluttering atop an elegant dance-like group refrain is the alto aria from Bach’s church cantata “Whoever may love me will keep my word” (BWV 74). Here the violin’s jangling figurations serve to bolster the text’s notion that Jesus’s blood renders the enraged rattling of hell’s chains as comically useless.

[Keep reading. . .]

Illustration:  detail from Bach portrait by Elias Gottlob Haussmann (1748) [Public domain] via Wikimedia

2018-12-30T20:18:13-05:00

I am saddened at the death of Bre Payton, one of my students at Patrick Henry College, who became a superstar writer at The Federalist.  She died suddenly from swine flu.  She was only 26!

I appreciate the tributes she is receiving, including writeups in the New York Times, BBC, CNN, and Fox.  (See especially what her Federalist colleagues have to say about her: this and this.)  She was a fine example of a Christian who lived out her faith in vocation.  For my tribute, I want to focus on her writing, which was always incisive, insightful, compassionate, funny when appropriate, and tough-minded when dismantling bad ideas.

For a list of her contributions to The Federalist and a link to each one, go here.  It goes on for page after page.  You will see her political commentary, her critiques of fellow journalists, her coverage of pop culture, her skewering of establishment hypocrisy, her pro-life advocacy, her open Christian faith.  I also appreciate seeing her build on the classical education we gave her at Patrick Henry, writing about such topics as Jane Austen, Mark Twain, and the Peloponnesian War.

In her honor, read this piece she wrote on the connection between the pro-abortion movement and eugenics, taking on a well-known Washington Post columnist.

Bre Payton, Allowing Abortion For Down Syndrome Babies Puts All The Vulnerable At Risk:

Unborn babies with Down Syndrome deserve legal protections, because allowing them to be systematically eliminated in the womb is barbaric and puts other “genetically undesirable” people groups at risk.

In a recent Washington Post column, Ruth Marcus argues that laws in Ohio, North Dakota, and Louisiana — where a woman cannot abort her baby solely because he or she has Down Syndrome — might usher in an era where doctors and legislators thought-police women and force them to carry and bear children like in the award-winning Hulu show “The Handmaid’s Tale,” based on a novel of the same name by Margaret Atwood.

Marcus argues a woman ought to be able to access an abortion for any reason she chooses because allowing the state to choose what reasons justify an abortion is constitutionally questionable. While I agree that lawmakers should [not] invade a woman’s brain, protecting a class of people from being systematically aborted is necessary in a country where the right to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness is not dependent upon one’s genetic makeup.

The uncomfortable reality is that the abortion industry and the pro-choice movement in America have a history steeped in eugenics. Planned Parenthood’s founder, Margaret Sanger, was a favorite of the Klu Klux Klan and an open supporter of Nazi sterilization laws. In 1934, she went as far as to write a federal law that would regulate who was legally allowed to bear children.

[Keep reading. . .]

A teacher has no higher satisfaction than seeing a student do well.  Bre was a student who did well, not just in her meteoric success in her major of political journalism, but in her thinking, her personality, and her  faith.  I am proud of her.  That she is now translated into a better language, as John Donne put it, makes me even prouder.

 

Photo:  Bre Payton as student, Patrick Henry College

 

2018-12-14T09:11:45-05:00

The Bible has always worked well with new information technology, from the printing press–which took off with Gutenberg’s Bible, Luther’s German translation, and the host of vernacular translations he inspired–to cell phones and the internet.

YouVersion, one of the first apps for the iPhone, was started by a techie pastor in Edmond, Oklahoma, and his congregation took it on as a mission project.  Ten years later, it has been downloaded 350 million times, from people all across the world.  The app now includes over 1,800 versions of the Bible in some 1,250 languages.

The most popular online Bible, out of many, is BibleGateway, now celebrating its 25th anniversary.  It is now the world’s most visited website, serving some 140 million people from over 200 countries every day.  BibleGateway offers over 200 Bible versions in over 70 languages.  Its search functions make it an excellent Bible study resource.  And pastors, scholars, students, and writers like me find its copy-and-paste capabilities invaluable.

Such wide usage of both applications also gives us other kinds of interesting information.

Griffin Paul Jackson of Christianity Today reports on the year’s most popular verse from each platform.

On YouVersion, the most popular verse for 2018–that is, the one that was shared, high-lighted, and bookmarked more than any other–was this Isaiah 41:10:

Fear not, for I am with you; be not dismayed, for I am your God; I will strengthen you, I will help you, I will uphold you with my righteous right hand.

Which tells us that the hundreds of millions of people from around the world who turned to this verse are afraid.  But they are turning to God’s Word for strength.
On BibleGateway, the most popular verse for the year is Jeremiah 29:11:
For I know the plans I have for you, declares the Lord, plans for welfare and not for evil, to give you a future and a hope.
Which tells us that people are struggling with vocation.  And God’s Word assures them that He is in control.

Read the article for other top searches, for the changes over the years, and for the favorite verses in different countries.

Also interesting is the data provided on world-wide Bible reading.  Overall, use of the YouVersion app to read the Bible is up 27%.  The biggest jump was in Japan, which doubled its Bible-reading, due mainly to a new Japanese translation.  Nepal (a Hindu nation) was up 69%, Indonesia (the world’s biggest Muslim nation) was up 69%, Vietnam (a Communist nation) was up 59%.

In Europe, Romania’s use of the app increased 100%; Spain, 67%; the Netherlands, 60%; Portugal, 57%; and Italy, 53%.  In Latin America, Chile surged 79% and Argentina increased 60%.

Both digital Bibles are free.  The technology solves the distribution problem.  Bibles don’t have to be smuggled into hostile countries; they can just be discreetly downloaded.

But this depends on high technology, you might say.  What good does this do poor people in poor, low tech countries?  Well, it turns out cell phone ownership has hit 98.7% in the developing world.

 

Photo by Riala via Pixabay, CC0, Creative Commons

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