What difference does it make, really, to be either Calvinist or Arminian in one’s interpretation of the Warning Passages of Hebrews? There are lots of ways to talk about “difference,” but at the level of concrete Christian living does it make all that much difference?

I begin with this observation. It makes a huge difference for the contemporary Evangelical who believes in eternal security, assurance of faith, and that anyone who has received Christ cannot genuinely fall away. The slogan “once saved, always saved” is put into deep threat by the view of Hebrews I have offered.

For the classical Calvinist and the Arminian — and I know this may sound like a bundle of hooey to many — there is precious little difference in this regard: both believe that perseverance is necessary. Which means that both believe that only those who do follow through in their relationship and obedience will find that eternal rest.

But, I have given you a bit of my own journey. Here’s what I noticed. [Read more...]

Everything about the Warning Passages in Hebrews hinges upon the audience:

Who are they? Are they believers or not?

I begin with this observation: in the history of the Church many have made a distinction between a genuine believer and a nominal believer. I find such categories useful in some contexts. The issue in reading Hebrews is whether or not the author uses such a category to explain his audience. And, this means we have to ask if it is meaningful to use in Hebrews or an imposition, designed perhaps to protect our theology.

Again, there are plenty of things to consider.

First, the author often includes himself with the audience by using the term “we.” 2:1-4; 3:14; 4:1, 11, 14-16; 6:1; 10:19; 12:1-3, 25-29.

Second, the author calls his audience “brothers.” 3:1, 12; 10:19; 13:22. Perhaps 3:1 needs to be quoted: “holy brothers who share in the heavenly calling.” [Read more...]