The three COVID-19 vaccines that have been used almost exclusively in the U.S.–Pfizer/BioNTech, Moderna, and J&J–were given “emergency authorization” by the FDA early this year and have proved very effective. Yet there has been serious hesitancy, or blatant refusal, of nearly one third of adult Americans to get the vaccine. This has greatly inhibited the U.S. from achieving the goal of “herd immunity” (at least 80% of the population having antibodies) for COVID-19 in order to stop its spread. Instead,... Read more














