How long can history and memory be preserved without any written record? And, even if we stipulate that some vestigial memory might linger after many centuries, is there any way to separate those legitimate memories and histories from all that has accumulated around them? It's a tantalizing problem. We want to know more than we do -- maybe more than we can -- about the ancient past, but the record of it just isn't there. What we have, instead, are ciphers and puzzles, with few clues to understanding them. Read more














