Patheos
Special Offers
BuddhistCatholicContemplativeEvangelicalGeneral ChristianHinduJewishLatter-day SaintMuslimNew VisionsProgressive Christian
Beliefs
  • Buddhist
  • Catholic
  • Contemplative
  • Evangelical
  • General Christian
  • Hindu
  • Jewish
  • Latter-day Saint
  • More Voices
  • Muslim
  • New Visions
  • Pagan
  • Progressive Christian
Topics
  • Religion News
  • Food and Religion
  • Sports and Religion
  • Religious Art
  • Religious Music and Entertainment
  • Religious Events
  • History and Religion
  • Style and Religion
  • Politics and Religion
  • Women in Religion
  • Recreation Outdoors and Religion
  • Business Finance and Religion
  • Careers Workplace and Religion
  • Education and Religion
  • Family Parenting and Religion
  • Health Fitness and Religion
  • Home and Religion
  • Relationships and Religion
  • Technology and Religion
  • Travel and Religion
Columnists
  • Buddhist Columnists
  • Business Finance and Religion Columnists
  • Careers Workplace and Religion Columnists
  • Catholic Columnists
  • Contemplative Columnists
  • Education and Religion Columnists
  • Evangelists Columnists
  • Family Parenting and Religion Columnists
  • General Christian Columnists
  • Health Fitness and Religion Columnists
  • Hindu Columnists
  • History and Religion Columnists
  • Home and Religion Columnists
  • Jewish Columnists
  • More Voices Columnists
  • Latter Day Columnists
  • Muslim Columnists
  • New Visions Columnists
  • Nonreligious Columnists
  • Pagan Columnists
  • Politics and Religion Columnists
  • Progressive Columnists
  • Recreation Outdoors and Religion Columnists
  • Relationships and Religion Columnists
  • Religion News Columnists
  • Religious Art Columnists
  • Religious Events Columnists
  • Religious Music and Entertainment Columnists
  • Sports and Religion Columnists
  • Style and Religion Columnists
  • Technology and Religion Columnists
  • Travel and Religion Columnists
  • Women in Religion Columnists
Resource Library
  • 2025 Calendar
  • Library of World Religions
  • The 100 Most Holy Places on Earth
  • Patheos Answers
  • Podcasts
  • Videos
  • Faith Leaders Database
  • Anglican Episcopalian
  • Bahai
  • Baptist
  • Buddhism
  • Christianity
  • Confucianism
  • Eastern Orthodoxy
  • Hinduism
  • Holiness and Pentecostal
  • ISKCON
  • Islam
  • Judaism
  • Lutheran
  • Methodist
  • The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
  • New Age
  • Paganism
  • Presbytarian and Reformed
  • Protestantism
  • Religion Behind the Scenes
  • Roman Catholic
  • Scientology
  • Shia Islam
  • Sikhism
  • Sufism
  • Sunni Islam
  • Taoism
  • Zen
  • See all religions
Research Tools
  • Comparison Lens
  • Preacher Resources
  • Teacher Resources
Video
Podcasts
Thought Readers
Faith In Media Tracker
E-Books and Other Special Offers
  • God's Cheat Sheet to Finances
  • Books of the Bible Study series
  • History of the Bible
  • 7 Day Prayer Challenge for Spouses
  • A Different Kind of Christian
  • Jesus is Love
  • Prayer Devotional
  • The Saints We Love
  • FaithChatter Conversation Cards
Newsletters
Special Offers
Ad-Free & Subscriber Log-In Subscription Support
Patheos
Ad-Free & Subscriber Log-In Subscription Support
Follow Patheos Patheos on Facebook Patheos on YouTube
  • Trending:
  • Pope Leo Xiv
  • |
  • Resurrection
  • |
  • Trump
  • |
  • Social Justice
  • |
  • Peace
  • |
  • Pope Francis
davearmstrong
  • Home
  • About
    • Personal Page
    • Catholic Feedback ('97-'01)
    • Catholic Feedback ('02-Present)
    • Non-Catholic Feedback
    • Donation Information
    • Resume
  • My Books
  • Catholic Apologetics
    • Apologetics, General
    • Baptism & Sacramentalism
    • Bible & Tradition
    • Church, The (Ecclesiology)
    • Eucharist & Liturgy
    • Hell, Satan, & Last Things
    • Mary (Mariology)
    • Papacy & Infallibility
    • Saints, Purgatory, & Penance
    • Salvation & Justification
    • Traditionalism vs. Reactionaries
    • Trinitarianism & Christology
  • Church History
    • Conversion & Converts
    • Development of Doctrine
    • Fathers of the Church
    • Heresies & Comparative Religion
    • Inquisition, Crusades, & Scandals
    • Jews, Judaism, & Old Testament
    • Orthodoxy, Eastern
  • Great Apologists
    • G. K. Chesterton
    • Fr. John A. Hardon, S. J.
    • C. S. Lewis
    • John Henry Newman
    • Malcolm Muggeridge
  • Christian Worldview
    • Atheism & Agnosticism
    • Christmas
    • Ecumenism & Christian Unity
    • Liberal & Modernist Theology
    • Life Issues
    • Philosophy & Science
    • Political, Ethical, & Moral Issues
    • Romantic & Imaginative Theology
    • Sexuality & Gender Issues
  • Protestantism & Misc.
    • All Books & Purchase Links
    • español / português / FRANÇAIS
    • Archive Index
    • Discussion Policy
    • Protestantism
      • Anti-Catholicism
      • Calvin, John
      • Calvinism & General Protestantism
      • Luther, Martin
      • Lutheranism
      • Persecution & Intolerance
      • White, James: "Mr. Anti-Catholic"
  • FREE NEWSLETTER
  • Home
  • Catholic
  • History and Religion
Patheos on Facebook Patheos on YouTube
Ad-Free & Subscriber Log-In Subscription Support
  • About Us
  • 2025 Calendar
  • Videos
  • Podcasts
  • Library of World Religions
  • Faith In Media Tracker
  • Advertise With Us
  • Write for Us
  • Privacy Policy
  • Terms of Service
  • Do Not Sell My Data
  • Contact Us
  • Radiant Digital
  • Manage Newsletter Subscriptions
  • Unsubscribe From Notifications
  • Sitemap
Copyright 2008-2025, Patheos. All rights reserved.
Subscription Support Ad-Free & Subscriber Log-In
Follow Patheos Patheos on Facebook Patheos on YouTube