March 17, 2022

Empires commonly have religions that enjoy an established or favored status, and in many cases, those empires suppress rival forms of faith. When we write the history of empires and religion, we often have to look beyond the heartlands of a given regime, and turn to the borderlands, and to the smaller states or statelets on the periphery. Those border states can serve as refuges for groups fleeing official persecution, and they become hothouses and laboratories, from which new movements... Read more

March 16, 2022

I planned this post several weeks ago. Ever since publishing The Making of Biblical Womanhood, folk ask me for resources that show the reality of women’s leadership and active role throughout church history rather than what they have been taught in evangelical spaces: a narrative that mostly ignores women and/or interprets women’s historical participation through the lens of complementarianism. So I planned a series of posts listing historical sources (primary, secondary, and tertiary) that can help reframe our understanding of... Read more

March 15, 2022

In the final chapter of her bestseller The Making of Biblical Womanhood, my friend, colleague, and fellow Anxious Bench blogger Beth Allison Barr writes, “One of my friends, shortly after seeing a draft of my table of contents of this book, asked if the final chapter would contain a new vision for a theological approach to women in the church. Her words panicked me. I am a historian; not a theologian—and a very practical historian at that.” Beth went on... Read more

March 14, 2022

I recently wrote about how the mighty Persian Empire became a powerful vehicle for the spread of Christianity through much of Asia. That role was unintentional, in the sense that the empire itself followed a very different creed, that of Zoroastrianism, and at various points, the Persian state had brutally persecuted Christians. But in the last days of that empire in the seventh century AD, before its conquest by Islam, the Christian presence became very strong indeed. Unknown to non-specialists,... Read more

March 12, 2022

Christians often struggle with the cursing language of the imprecatory psalms. But Chris found that they were not exactly rare in American religious history, particularly in times of war. Read more

March 11, 2022


I have been posting about the linkage between empires and the shaping of world religions, particularly (by no means exclusively) Christianity. I have especially stressed the role of unintended consequences, of empires doing things that resulted in outcomes utterly different from what they wanted or expected. Man proposes, and God disposes. When we write Christian history, one empire in particular often escapes our attention, and it provides a vast hole in the story. Once upon a time, in the ancient... Read more

March 10, 2022


Very few non-specialist Americans or Europeans could tell you offhand why the name of Grozny is so potent in understanding the modern world, and specifically the Ukraine conflict. Here is a crude attempt to explain why that name matters so very much, why it is so often mentioned in Kyiv today, and why every Western policymaker needs to know it. The story begins with the breakup of the Soviet Union in 1991, with the fragmentation of many territories in the... Read more

March 9, 2022


On Russian Orthodoxy as one of the underpinnings of Putin's regime. Read more

March 8, 2022


“We feel your prayerful support,” a Ukrainian Christian who is on the front lines fighting against the Russians told his American friend a few days ago, in a post that’s now going viral among American evangelicals.  “Sometimes something really incomprehensible happens, as if someone’s invisible hand is actually making bullets fly past us. . . . We believe that the Jesus Christ Himself is for Ukraine.” (Ukrainian soldiers on parade – photo from Wikimedia Commons) When a fellow Christian from... Read more

March 7, 2022


  How did gender shape how African American women experienced religion and enslavement? As we shift from Black History Month to Women’s History Month, I took the opportunity to consider the intersection of both fields and interview Alexis Wells-Oghoghomeh, Assistant Professor in the Department of Religious Studies at Stanford University and author of The Souls of Womenfolk, published by the University of North Carolina Press this past fall.   Together we discussed her research on the distinctive religious cultures of... Read more


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