In this heartfelt and moving conversation, author Keith Giles and I discuss his transition from holding a view of eternal conscious torment (burning forever in hell) to annihilationism and then to his current view of patristic universalism. We also discuss common objections to ultimate redemption. Keith is one of four co-hosts of the insanely popular Heretic Happy Hour podcast. He has written several excellent books including Jesus Untangled, Jesus Unbound, Jesus Unveiled, Jesus Unexpected, and literally wrote the book on the subject we’re going to be talking about today: Jesus Undefeated: Condemning the False Doctrine of Eternal Torment. You can find Keith's Patheos column here. You can find Keith's Amazon author page featuring all of his books here. During this conversation, Keith mentions the following books as resources for further study: Her Gates Will Never Be Shut by Brad Jersak That All Shall Be Saved by David Bentley Hart All You Want to Know About Hell by Steve Gregg Universalism: The Prevailing Doctrine of the Christian Church During Its First Five Hundred Years by J.W. Hanson Keith's Square One and Ground Zero courses are definitely worth checking out. Find all of the info regarding those courses here. Finally, I encourage you to take a look at Keith's Patreon page where he consistently produces thought provoking, meaningful content for his patrons. For more on this subject, please visit MessySpirituality.org. Get bonus content on Patreon Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information. Connect with the crew : You can find Lola on Facebook , Instagram , and TikTok You can find Kyle on Facebook , Instagram , and TikTok. You can find Jason on Facebook , Instagram , and Threads (because he's way too old for TikTok). Be sure to check out our Youtube channel. Also, please join the conversation over on our Messy Conversations group on FB! Thanks for listening! Please leave us a rating or review and subscribe or follow the show on your platform of choice!