2020-05-22T18:38:21-04:00

AbrahamDives

The Bad Rich Man in Hell, by James Tissot (1836-1902) [public domain / Wikimedia Commons]

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(7-8-14)

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Luke 16:24 (RSV) And he called out, ‘Father Abraham, have mercy upon me, and send Laz’arus to dip the end of his finger in water and cool my tongue; for I am in anguish in this flame.’

This is the Abraham of the Bible: long dead by that time, being asked to do something by a “rich man” (16:19, 22), traditionally known as Dives (which is simply a Latin word for “rich man”). His answer was, in effect, “no” (16:25-26). Thus failing in that request, he prays to him again for something else:

Luke 16:27-28 And he said, ‘Then I beg you, father [KJV: “I pray thee therefore, father”], to send him to my father’s house, [28] for I have five brothers, so that he may warn them, lest they also come into this place of torment.’

His request is again declined (16:29). So, like any good self-respecting Jew (Moses even “negotiated” with God), he argues with Abraham (16:30). But Abraham states again that his request is futile (16:31).

So, the next time anyone tells you that you can’t “pray to” or request intercession from a dead man, or anyone but God, show him this passage and let the fun begin!

It also shows (in a fascinating way) that not only can dead saints hear our requests, they also have some measure of power to carry them out on their own. Abraham is asked to “send” a dead man to appear to Dives’ brothers, in order for them to avoid damnation (yet another [potential] instance of dead men — like the prophet Samuel to Saul — communicating to those on the earth). Abraham doesn’t deny that he is able to potentially send Lazarus to do such a thing; he only denies that it would work, or that it is necessary (by the logic of “if they don’t respond to greater factor x, nor will they to lesser factor y”).

Therefore, it is assumed in the story that Abraham could have possibly done so on his own. And this is all told, remember, by our Lord Jesus. It is disputed whether it is a parable or not (several textual factors suggest that it is not; e.g., parables do not use proper names), but even if it is, it nevertheless cannot contain things that are untrue, lest Jesus be guilty of leading people into heresy by means of false illustrations or analogies within His common teaching tool: the parable.

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Exchange on Facebook friend John Edwards’ public share of this post:

James Jay Austin [Reformed Baptist]: Parables are hypothetical stories Christ used to make His points as well as cloak them from being understood by those that it wasn’t intended for…. This argument won’t work because they were both dead talking to one another so its not a prayer but a discourse…. Ground control to John come back from outer space my man…

Matt. 6:6 But YOU, when YOU pray, go into your inner room, close your door and pray to your FATHER who is in secret, and your FATHER who sees what is done in secret will reward you.

This is only place Christ taught us peons how to pray as well as to whom…. (that i know of)

It’s irrelevant to note the usual purpose of parables: to confirm the blind in their blindness and disobedience, etc. They still cannot contain false principles or false illustrations: things cannot be done in parables that are forbidden in actual life. This is Jesus teaching!

Whether Dives was dead or not is also irrelevant to the argument at hand, since standard Protestant theology holds that no one can make such a request to anyone but God. He’s asking Abraham to send Lazarus to him, and then to his brothers, to prevent them from going to hell. That is very much, prayer: asking for supernatural aid from those who have left the earthly life and attained sainthood and perfection, with God.

Quibbling about whether it was a parable (an argument that fails, anyway, as shown) or whether the requester was dead does not allow Protestants to escape the internal difficulties for them, as mentioned.

Nor does this argument [from Matthew 6:6] prove your point. Taken absolutely, it would exclude prayer to Jesus, yet St. Stephen prays to Jesus, as he is being martyred (Acts 7:59). Thus, it doesn’t exclude that, and logically, it doesn’t exclude asking for the intercession of others, alive or dead.

Jesus also taught us to pray, of course, with the Lord’s Prayer (Our Father . . . ).

Protestant theology teaches that we can’t talk to anyone who is dead, let alone make intercessory requests to them. Yet Saul talked to the dead Samuel, Moses and Elijah appeared at the Mount of Transfiguration, the “Two Witnesses” of Revelation come back to life again (and talk to folks), etc.

Mr. Armstrong if you could please show a scriptural reference as to Christ teaching us to pray to Steven or Ezekiel etc. so that I may be able to better understand…..

Jesus told this story, and in the story is a guy praying to a dead man, to request things that the dead man appears to be able to fulfill by his own powers. That is quite sufficient to prove the point. It IS the teaching of our Lord Jesus, and you must reckon with that. So far, your arguments have failed to establish the points you are trying to make, which are assumed in Protestant theology (but contrary to this passage and others).

Hence the cloak.

Above you argued that Jesus taught that only the “Father” can receive prayer, but I already disproved that by showing that Stephen prayed to Jesus in inspired Scripture. Your ultra-literalism in interpreting the Bible ain’t workin’ . . .

Bill Gray: The fallacy of your argument using Luke 16:19-31 is that it does not represent a believer in this world praying to someone other than God.

The rich man in that Scripture passage is dead, as are Abraham and Lazarus. So, yes, after death, when Lazarus and Abraham were in the same Hades/Paradise (later to be relocated to Heaven/Paradise) — they have communion, i.e., can talk — just as we will be able to talk with our family and friends in heaven after we die.

And, while still in Hades, obviously they could communicate with the rich man who was in Hades/Torment, the other side of Hades.

That in no way justifies anyone still alive in our mortal bodies praying to those who have already died and are in heaven or hell. We still have only One Mediator between man and God — Jesus Christ. No mediatrix, no saints — just Jesus Christ.

So, your argument is built upon sand.

My argument did not have to do with “a believer in this world praying to someone other than God.” One must understand that which he is critiquing, before setting out to refute it. My argument is in my title:

[when I was interacting with this person, my original title was: “In the Bible, Does anyone Ever Ask [“Pray To”] a Dead Man to Intercede or Intervene to Fulfill a Request?”]

The answer, as proven in Luke 16, is yes.

It remains true that Protestant theology, generally speaking, forbids asking a dead man to intercede (thus, a dead man asking this is part of the larger category that remains forbidden in that theology), and makes prayer altogether a matter only between man and God. You stated it yourself (as one such good and sincere Protestant):

Here (in the inspired revelation of Scripture, in a teaching story given by our Lord Jesus), Abraham is functioning as a mini-mediator. He is being asked to accomplish certain things. An intercessory request was made of him, not God.

In fact, God is never mentioned in the entire story (!!!); whereas according to you, He certainly ought to have been, because you falsely claim that there is no mediatorial function for dead saints helping us get to God or to fulfill any (moral / good) request of ours.

So why did Jesus teach in this fashion? Why did He teach that Dives was asking Abraham to do things that Protestant theology would hold that only God can do? And why is the whole story about him asking Abraham for requests, rather than going directly to God and asking Him: which would seem to be required by your theology?

But instead, God is not mentioned at all in the story.

No one can deny the exact assertion I have made here, and it’s proof from the Bible: though it is in tension with Protestant theology. I yield to the Bible over men’s traditions any day. We mustn’t allow our theology to contradict the inspired, infallible Bible.

Praying to the dead is strictly forbidden in the Bible. Deuteronomy 18:11 tells us that anyone who “consults with the dead” is “detestable to the Lord.” The story of Saul consulting a medium to bring up the spirit of the dead Samuel resulted in his death “because he was unfaithful to the LORD; he did not keep the word of the LORD and even consulted a medium for guidance” (1 Samuel 28:1-25; 1 Chronicles 10:13-14). Clearly, God has declared that such things are not to be done.

This assumes that all such communication between those in heaven and those on earth is occultic and forbidden (divination, seers, mediums, necromancy, etc.). But it is not, and I explain why here: “Invocation of the Saints = Necromancy?”

You have to explain why the prophet Samuel appeared to tell Saul of his impending death. This was the real person, not a fake demonic spirit. Jesus and Peter both talked to dead people when they raised them, too.

You also distorts the story of Samuel and Saul:

1) It’s true that consulting a medium was a forbidden practice, but you ignore that fact that the real Samuel actually appeared and foretold Saul’s death. Thus, even though he was wrong in how he tried to communicate to him, God does not forbid all interaction between dead men in heaven and those on earth, as proven by this and other passages such as what happened on the Mount of Transfiguration.

2) It’s not true that Saul died because he consulted a medium (though he was dead-wrong to do so). The very text cited proves this; where the prophet Samuel tells him exactly why he is to be judged and will die:

1 Samuel 28:18-19 (ESV) Because you did not obey the voice of the Lord and did not carry out his fierce wrath against Amalek, therefore the Lord has done this thing to you this day. [19] Moreover, the Lord will give Israel also with you into the hand of the Philistines, and tomorrow you band your sons shall be with me. The Lord will give the army of Israel also into the hand of the Philistines.”

Bill cited an article that states: “So, in order for a dead person to receive prayers, the dead individual has to hear the prayer, possess the power to answer it, and know how to answer it in a way that is best for the individual praying.”

Well, that’s fascinating, isn’t it?, in light of what I have already noted. How is it that in Jesus’ own story, Abraham can:

1) hear Dives’ prayer.

2) is capable of answering it on his own (by sending Lazarus to five brothers on earth, to warn them), and;

3) know how to answer the prayer. He does this by refusing two different requests (in the second instance, using reasoning very similar to Jesus’ elsewhere: His statements about the seeking of signs and miracles).

And, as I also noted, God is never mentioned in the entire story. It’s all about Dives asking / praying to Abraham for two different requests.

Folks, this just ain’t how it’s supposed to be, from a Protestant perspective. All the emphases are wrong, and there are serous theological errors, committed by Jesus Himself (i.e., from their perspective). That should be enough to raise the red flags for any serious Christian who believes in biblical inspiration and the deity of Christ (both of which dictate that no such error can possibly exist).

When that happens, I’ll follow the Bible rather than men’s traditions that conflict with it, every time.

Whether Luke 16 is a parable or not, does not allow Protestants (by commonly held beliefs about parables) to escape the difficulties here for them. Arguably, my contention is even stronger if it is a parable, for in a non-parable, stating historical facts, a person could do or say something theologically incorrect.

But in a parable taught by an omniscient Jesus, Who is God, in an inspired, infallible revelation, falsehood could not be “enshrined.” Jesus is teaching His hearers something, and it can’t be a falsehood or contain theological error, since arguments by analogy (basically what the parables are) must be true analogies. My view, however, is that it is not a parable, and that Jesus uses the account in order to teach certain things (it illustrates what He wishes to teach). Parables don’t have proper names: let alone that of a familiar figure like Abraham. I don’t recall any other parables being set in Hades / Sheol, either. They are usually quite “earthy”: using agricultural and master / servant word pictures. Parables also usually are prefaced by a statement (usually by the Bible writer, not Jesus) that the following words are a “parable”.

The main point, of course, is “you cannot serve God and mammon”: which he stated six verses before He began this story (and implied also: “the last shall be first and the first, last”); also, that hardness of heart is not overcome even by extraordinary miracles.

Secondary to the points He wishes to make (but no less true in principle) is the fact that a dead man could be prayed to (rather than God) for a request. And the dead man (in this case, the historical person, Abraham) could answer requests on his own (though no doubt by God’s power). God isn’t mentioned in the entire story, which runs 13 verses.

This is the whole point I am utilizing it for, for my present apologetics purposes, and nothing brought forth by our two Protestant friends who disagree with my conclusion, overthrows my conclusion. Not even close: they haven’t yet touched it at all. The burden of those who disagree is to interact with the biblical arguments I made (including my linked paper about communion of saints not being necromancy or occultic). My entire argument was biblical from start to finish.

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Meta Description: Jesus’ story of Lazarus & Abraham (Lk 16) shows that we can ask dead men (i.e., beings other than God) to fulfill intercessory requests.

Meta Keywords: afterlife, hades, intermediate state, Lazarus and Abraham, netherworld, purgatory, sheol, communion of saints, intercession of the saints, invocation of saints, Prayer, praying to saints, prayer to a dead man

2016-12-28T18:09:36-04:00

WittenbergChurch
All Saints’ Church, Wittenberg, Germany (built between 1490 and 1511), where Luther nailed his 95 Theses to the door [Wikimedia Commons /  Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported license]
*****
From my book, The Catholic Verses: 95 Bible Passages That Confound Protestants (Sophia Institute Press: 2004)
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. . . [Martin Luther] believed in the Real Presence, although he denied transubstantiation and rejected the Sacrifice of the Mass. Luther (according to his nominalistic, anti-Scholastic leanings) didn’t want to speculate about metaphysics and how the bread and wine became the Body and Blood of Christ. He simply believed in the miracles of the literal presence of Jesus’ Body and Blood “alongside” the bread and wine (consubstantiation). In this respect, his position was similar to the Eastern Orthodox one.

It is enough for me that Christ’s blood is present; let it be with the wine as God wills. Before I would drink mere wine with the Enthusiasts, I would rather have pure blood with the Pope. (Early 1520s; in Althaus, 376; LW, 37, 317)

The glory of our God is precisely that for our sakes he comes down to the very depths, into human flesh, into the bread, into our mouth, our heart, our body. (in Althaus, 398; LW, 37, 71 ff.)

Protestantism’s founders vary in their interpretation of this verse and in their Eucharistic theology. John Calvin’s “mystical” view of the Eucharist is complex and not quickly summarized or refuted. Ulrich Zwingli (the Protestant “Reformer” of Zurich) held to a symbolic view, on the other hand, which seems to have prevailed among many evangelical Protestants today. We shall concentrate on the exegetical and logical weakness of Zwingli’s arguments in this chapter. He wrote about this passage:

In the words: “This is my body,” the word “this” means the bread, and the word “body” the body which is put to death for us. Therefore the word “is” cannot be taken literally, for the bread is not the body and cannot be . . . “This is my body,” means, “The bread signifies my body,” or “is a figure of my body.” (On the Lord’s Supper, 1526; in Bromiley, 225)

Yet Martin Luther refutes this line of thinking, using the very same scriptures:

[T]his word of Luke and Paul is clearer than sunlight and more overpowering than thunder. First, no one can deny that he speaks of the cup, since he says, “This is the cup.” Secondly, he calls it the cup of the new testament. This is overwhelming, for it could not be a new testament by means and on account of wine alone. (Against the Heavenly Prophets in the Matter of Images and Sacraments, 1525; LW, 40, 217)

In that same work, Luther makes a fascinating argument that a purely symbolic Eucharist turns the sacrament into a futile work of man rather than a grace and blessing from God:

He thinks one does not see that out of the word of Christ he makes a pure commandment and law which accomplishes nothing more than to tell and bid us to remember and acknowledge him. Furthermore, he makes this acknowledgment nothing else than a work that we do, while we receive nothing else than bread and wine. (Against the Heavenly Prophets in the Matter of Images and Sacraments, 1525; LW, 40, 206)

Martin Luther rebukes the symbolic view of the Eucharist, held by most evangelicals today:

[S]ince we are confronted by God’s words, “This is my body” – distinct, clear, common, definite words, which certainly are no trope, either in Scripture or in any language – we must embrace them with faith . . . not as hairsplitting sophistry dictates but as God says them for us, we must repeat these words after him and hold to them. (Confession Concerning Christ’s Supper, 1528; in Althaus, 390)

[John 6]

Zwingli offers us an example of early Protestant “symbolist” reasoning:

There can be no doubt that only the spirit can give life to the soul. For how could the physical flesh either nourish or give life to the soul?

. . . with his own words Christ teaches us that everything which he says concerning the eating of flesh or bread has to be understood in terms of believing . . . . this passage tells us that the carnal eating of Christ’s flesh and blood profiteth nothing, and you have introduced such a carnal eating into the sacrament . . . (On the Lord’s Supper, 1526; in Bromiley, 206-207, 210-211)

Martin Luther, however, expounded the text otherwise. Preaching on John 6, he stated:

All right! There we have it! This is clear, plain, and unconcealed: “I am speaking of My flesh and blood.”

. . . There we have the flat statement which cannot be interpreted in any other way than that there is no life, but death alone, apart from His flesh and blood if these are neglected or despised. How is it possible to distort this text? . . . You must note these words and this text with the utmost diligence . . . It can neither speciously be interpreted nor avoided and evaded. (Sermons on the Gospel of St. John: Chapters 6-8, 1532; LW, 23, 133-135)

Luther’s eucharistic theology was not identical to Catholic theology, but it was far closer than to the symbolic view. To reiterate: he thought that Jesus’ Body and Blood were present “alongside” the bread and wine (consubstantiation) after consecration. So Jesus was really there, but the bread and wine were there, too (whereas in Catholic theology, they cease to remain bread and wine after consecration).

1 Corinthians 10:16: “The cup of blessing which we bless, is it not a participation in the blood of Christ? The bread which we break, is it not a participation in the body of Christ?”

This verse again allows us to observe in a nutshell, traditional Protestant controversies in their own ranks. Catholics interpret it in a literal way, but Protestants differ amongst themselves. Zwingli special pleads in his interpretation of the passage:

[W]hen you offer thanks with the cup and the bread, eating and drinking together, you signify thereby that you are one body and one bread, namely, the body which is the Church of Christ, . . . (On the Lord’s Supper, 1526; in Bromiley, 237)

But Martin Luther again ably refutes this specious interpretation, and offers us a unique insight into a Protestant exegete who had every motivation to disagree with the Catholic Church’s interpretation, but in the end was forced by the text to accept its straightforward meaning:

I confess that if Karlstadt, or anyone else, could have convinced me five years ago that only bread and wine were in the sacrament he would have done me a great service. At that time I suffered such severe conflicts and inner strife and torment that I would gladly have been delivered from them. I realized that at this point I could best resist the papacy . . . But I am a captive and cannot free myself. The text is too powerfully present, and will not allow itself to be torn from its meaning by mere verbiage. (Letter to the Christians at Strassburg in Opposition to the Fanatic Spirit, 1524; LW, 68)

For Luther, the passage is quite compelling:

Even if we had no other passage than this we could sufficiently strengthen all consciences and sufficiently overcome all adversaries . . .

. . . He could not have spoken more clearly and strongly . . . (Against the Heavenly Prophets in the Matter of Images and Sacraments, 1525; LW, 40, 177, 181)

2017-02-24T15:43:05-04:00

Matrimony
Detail of The Seven Sacraments (matrimony), a 1445 painting by Rogier van der Weyden (c. 1400-1464) [public domain / Wikimedia Commons]
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(October 1998)
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From: “Mixed Marriages: A Theological Analysis,” excerpt from Église et Théologie, I (1970), pp. 229-260.by Fr. John A. Hardon, S. J. (one of America’s leading orthodox Catholic catechists)
 

The critical difference between Catholicism and Orthodoxy on marriage is that the latter does not consider Christian matrimony indissoluble. Everything in the administration of the sacrament suggests a permanent union, and all the writing on the subject encourages the people to remain steadfast until death. But the history of Orthodoxy shows that divorce with the right to remarry goes back to at least the sixth century when the Eastern Emperors passed marriage laws without the approval of Rome.

The most significant early legislation is that of Novel XXII in 536 A.D. and Novel CXVII promulgated by Justinian I in 542 A.D. As a matter of record, Justinian accused Pope Vigilius of heresy and asserted that, as emperor, he could pass judgment even on matters of doctrine. Gradually ecclesiastics accepted the civil legislation. The first patriarch to give express canonical sanction to divorce and remarriage seems to have been Alexius, who held office in Constantinople from 1025 to 1043 A.D. Adultery was the only grounds recognized.

Since the fall of Constantinople (1453) a wide range of reasons is available. We get some idea of its scope from the currently acceptable grounds for complete divorce, with the right to remarry, as found in the patriarchates of Constantinople and Moscow – the two largest bodies in Orthodoxy. Twenty-one distinct grounds are listed in Byzantine canon law . . .

In the Moscow Patriarchate there are ten canonical reasons for dissolving the marriage bond . . . The Muscovite legislation on divorce was passed by the national synod summoned just before the fall of the Russian Empire in 1917. Actual promulgation took place the following year. The more extensive Byzantine laws grew out of a millennium of practice but they also date, in their present form, from the 20th century . . .

Provisions are made for marriage ceremonies following a divorce. They are much different from the Crowning at a first nuptial, and reflect a clearly penitential note to emphasize that those who enter on a second union have failed to preserve the purity of their intention . . .

It is of more than historical interest to note that the Trullan Synod [692] was rejected by the Syrian Pope St. Sergius I (687-701); that the synod was held in the throne room (trullus) of the Emperor Justinian II; that the meeting is popularly called the Quinisext, or Fifth-Sixth Council to suggest that it completed the task of the previous two ecumenical assemblies; and that the disciplinary decrees of Trulla served to accentuate the growing division between Western and Eastern marital morality . . .

It was at Trulla that . . . the council also permitted husbands whose wives had been faithless to receive Communion in the Church [Mansi, vol. XI, c. 980]. Without expressly saying that divorce with remarriage was sanctioned, it is presumed that in actual practice no objection was raised.

Until recently, the Orthodox attitude toward contraception was strongly prohibitive. It was assumed that the practice was wrong and writers made only passing reference to the Eastern tradition which universally reprobated the practice. Already at Nicaea (325), men who had castrated themselves were not to be ordained or, if ordained, were to cease functioning as priests [Mansi, vol. II, c. 668]. Chrysostom [Homily on Romans, Patrologia Graeca 60, 626-7], Epiphanius [Panarion, 26], and Cyril of Alexandria [Adoration in Spirit and Truth, 15: PG 68, 690] among the Fathers were cited as witnesses of the Church’s teaching.

Since the first World War, however, more and more writers defend contraception, with marked differences between the Russian and Greek segments. The Russians tend to be more liberal; the Greeks more strict. Thus the Church of Greece has come out against artificial birth control, and the Greek Archdiocese of North and South America has made a similar pronouncement. But even where the prevalent attitude is restrictive, the tendency is to condone contraception.

[As an interesting side note, Fr. Hardon noted that Conservative Judaism came out in favor of contraception in 1934, and Orthodox Judaism — the Rabbinical Alliance of America — gave its sanction in 1958]

2017-04-18T18:42:25-04:00

TeresaMother2

Mother Teresa / St. Teresa of Calcutta: photograph by Manfredo Ferrari (12-10-85, in Rome) [Wikimedia CommonsCreative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International license]

*****

Abortion: It is a poverty to decide that a child must die so that you may live as you wish.

But I feel that the greatest destroyer of peace today is abortion, because it is a war against the child, a direct killing of the innocent child, murder by the mother herself. And if we accept that a mother can kill even her own child, how can we tell other people not to kill one another? How do we persuade a woman not to have an abortion? As always, we must persuade her with love and we remind ourselves that love means to be willing to give until it hurts. Jesus gave even His life to love us. So, the mother who is thinking of abortion, should be helped to love, that is, to give until it hurts her plans, or her free time, to respect the life of her child. The father of that child, whoever he is, must also give until it hurts.

By abortion, the mother does not learn to love, but kills even her own child to solve her problems. And, by abortion, that father is told that he does not have to take any responsibility at all for the child he has brought into the world. The father is likely to put other women into the same trouble. So abortion just leads to more abortion. Any country that accepts abortion is not teaching its people to love, but to use any violence to get what they want. This is why the greatest destroyer of love and peace is abortion.

Many people are very, very concerned with the children of India, with the children of Africa where quite a few die of hunger, and so on. Many people are also concerned about all the violence in this great country of the United States. These concerns are very good. But often these same people are not concerned with the millions who are being killed by the deliberate decision of their own mothers. And this is what is the greatest destroyer of peace today — abortion which brings people to such blindness.

Please don’t kill the child. I want the child. Please give me the child. I am willing to accept any child who would be aborted and to give that child to a married couple who will love the child and be loved by the child. From our children’s home in Calcutta alone, we have saved over 3000 children from abortion. These children have brought such love and joy to their adopting parents and have grown up so full of love and joy.

Brotherhood: I see somebody dying, I pick him up. I find somebody hungry, I give him food. He can love and be loved. I don’t look at his color, I don’t look at his religion. I don’t look at anything. Every person whether he is Hindu, Muslim or Buddhist, he is my brother, my sister.

Each one of them is Jesus in disguise.

Charity: Let us not be satisfied with just giving money. Money is not enough, money can be got, but they need your hearts to love them. So, spread your love everywhere you go.

Love is not patronizing and charity isn’t about pity, it is about love. Charity and love are the same — with charity you give love, so don’t just give money but reach out your hand instead.

Contentment: Be happy in the moment, that’s enough. Each moment is all we need, not more.

Contraception: I know that couples have to plan their family and for that there is natural family planning. The way to plan the family is natural family planning, not contraception. In destroying the power of giving life, through contraception, a husband or wife is doing something to self. This turns the attention to self and so it destroys the gifts of love in him or her. In loving, the husband and wife must turn the attention to each other as happens in natural family planning, and not to self, as happens in contraception. Once that living love is destroyed by contraception, abortion follows very easily.

We cannot solve all the problems in the world, but let us never bring in the worst problem of all, and that is to destroy love. And this is what happens when we tell people to practice contraception and abortion.

. . . abortion, which often follows from contraception . . .

Discipline: Discipline is the bridge between goals and accomplishment.

Drugs: I was surprised in the West to see so many young boys and girls given to drugs. And I tried to find out why. Why is it like that, when those in the West have so many more things than those in the East? And the answer was: ‘Because there is no one in the family to receive them.’ Our children depend on us for everything — their health, their nutrition, their security, their coming to know and love God. For all of this, they look to us with trust, hope and expectation. But often father and mother are so busy they have no time for their children, or perhaps they are not even married or have given up on their marriage. So their children go to the streets and get involved in drugs or other things.

Eucharist, Holy: In every Holy Communion, Jesus the Word becomes flesh in our life, a special, delicate, beautiful gift of God; it’s a privilege — why you, the members of the third order, and not someone else, I don’t know. But you must protect it with tender care because he is giving himself, the Word, to you to be made flesh, to each one of you, and to those who will come after.

Every Holy Communion fills us with Jesus and we must, with Our Lady, go in haste to give him to others. For her, it was on her first Holy Communion day that Jesus came into her life, and so for all of us also. He made himself the Bread of Life so that we, too, like Mary, become full of Jesus. We too, like her, be in haste to give him to others. We too, like her, serve others.

Eucharistic Adoration: Seeing and adoring the presence of Jesus, especially in the lowly appearance of bread, . . .

2017-02-24T16:44:42-04:00

Pharisees3

The Pharisees Question Jesus (1886-1894), by James Tissot (1836-1902) [public domain / Wikimedia Commons]

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(late 90s; rev. 8-16-16)

*****

Many Protestants (especially anti-Catholic ones) hold, by and large, the view that Scripture and sacred, apostolic tradition are somehow unalterably opposed to each other and, for all practical purposes, mutually exclusive. This is yet another example of a false dichotomy which Protestantism often (unfortunately) tends to create (e.g., faith vs. works, matter vs. spirit). The Bible, however, presupposes tradition as an entity prior to and larger than itself, from which it is derived, not as some sort of “dirty word.”

It is one thing to wrongly assert that Catholic tradition (the beliefs and dogmas which the Church claims to have preserved intact passed down from Christ and the apostles) is corrupt, excessive and unbiblical. It is quite another to think that the very concept of tradition is contrary to the outlook of the Bible and pure, essential Christianity. This is, broadly speaking, a popular and widespread variant of the distinctive Protestant viewpoint of sola Scriptura, or “Scripture Alone,” which was one of the rallying cries of the Protestant Revolt in the 16th century. It remains the supreme principle of authority, or “rule of faith” for evangelical Protestants today. Sola Scriptura by its very nature tends to pit tradition against the Bible.

First of all, one might also loosely define tradition as the authoritative and authentic Christian history of theological doctrines and devotional practices. Christianity, like Judaism before it, is fundamentally grounded in history: in the earth-shattering historical events in the life of Jesus Christ (the incarnation, miracles, crucifixion, resurrection, ascension, etc.). Eyewitnesses (Lk 1:1-2, Acts 1:1-3, 2 Pet 1:16-18) communicated these true stories to the first Christians, who in turn passed them on to other Christians (under the guidance of the Church’s authority) down through the ages. Therefore, Christian tradition, defined as authentic Church history, is unavoidable.

Many Protestants read the accounts of Jesus’ conflicts with the Pharisees and get the idea that He was utterly opposed to all tradition whatsoever. This is false. A close reading of passages such as Matthew 15:3-9 and Mark 7: 8-13 will reveal that He only condemned corrupt traditions of men, not tradition per se. He uses qualifying phrases like “your tradition,” “commandments of men,” “tradition of men,” as opposed to “the commandment of God.” St. Paul draws precisely the same contrast in Colossians 2:8: “See to it that no one makes a prey of you by philosophy and empty deceit, according to human tradition, according to the elemental spirits of the universe, and not according to Christ.”

The New Testament explicitly teaches that traditions can be either good (from God) or bad (from men, when against God’s true traditions). Corrupt pharisaic teachings were a bad tradition (but many of their legitimate teachings were recognized by Jesus; see, e.g., Matthew 23:3). The spoken gospel and the apostolic writings which eventually were formulated as Holy Scripture (authoritatively recognized by the Church in 397 A. D. at the council of Carthage) were altogether good: the authentic Christian tradition as revealed by the incarnate God to the apostles.

The Greek word for “tradition” in the New Testament is paradosis. It occurs in Colossians 2:8, and in the following three passages:

1 Corinthians 11:2 (RSV) . . . maintain the traditions even as I have delivered them to you. (NRSV, NEB, REB, NKJV, NASB all use “tradition[s]”).

2 Thessalonians 2:15 So then, brethren, stand firm and hold to the traditions which you were taught by us, either by word of mouth or by letter.

2 Thessalonians 3:6: Now we command you, brethren, in the name of our Lord Jesus Christ, that you keep away from any brother who is living in idleness and not in accord with the tradition that you received from us.

Note that St. Paul draws no qualitative distinction between written and oral tradition. He doesn’t regard oral Christian tradition as bad and undesirable. Rather, this false belief is, ironically, itself an unbiblical “tradition of men.”

When the first Christians went out and preached the Good News of Jesus Christ after Pentecost, this was an oral tradition proclaimed by “word of mouth.” Some of it got recorded in the Bible (e.g., in Acts 2) but most did not, and could not (see John 20:30; 21:25). It was primarily this oral Christian tradition that turned the world upside down, not the text of the New Testament (many if not most people couldn’t read then anyway). Accordingly, when the phrases “word of God” or “word of the Lord” occur in Acts and the epistles, they almost always refer to oral preaching, not to the written word of the Bible. A perusal of the context in each case will make this abundantly clear.

Furthermore, the related Greek words paradidomi and paralambano are usually rendered “delivered” and “received” respectively. St. Paul in particular repeatedly refers to this handing over of the Christian tradition:

1 Corinthians 15:1-3 Now I would remind you, brethren, in what terms I preached to you the gospel, which you received, in which you stand, [2] by which you are saved, if you hold it fast — unless you believed in vain. [3] For I delivered to you as of first importance what I also received, that Christ died for our sins in accordance with the scriptures,

1 Thessalonians 2:13 And we also thank God constantly for this, that when you received the word of God which you heard from us, you accepted it not as the word of men but as what it really is, the word of God, which is at work in you believers.

Jude 3 . . . contend for the faith which was once for all delivered to the saints.

(cf. Lk 1:1-2; Rom 6:17; 1 Cor 11:23; Gal 1:9, 12; 2 Pet 2:21)

Far from distinguishing tradition from the gospel, as evangelicals often contend, the Bible equates tradition with the gospel and other terms such as “word of God,” “doctrine,” “holy commandment,” “faith,” and “things believed among us.” All are “delivered” and “received”:

 

1) Traditions “delivered” (1 Cor 11:2), “taught . . . by word of mouth or by letter” (2 Thes 2:15), and “received” (2 Thes 3:6).

2) The Gospel “preached” and “received” (1 Cor 15:1-2; Gal 1:9, 12; 1 Thes 2:9).

3) Word of God “heard” and “received” (Acts 8:14; 1 Thes 2:13).

4) Doctrine “delivered” (Rom 6:17; cf. Acts 2:42).

5) Holy Commandment “delivered” (2 Pet 2:21; cf. Mt 15:3-9; Mk 7:8-13).

6) The Faith “delivered” (Jude 3).

7) “. . . things which have been accomplished among us” were “delivered” (Lk 1:1-2).

 

Clearly, all these concepts are synonymous in Scripture, and all are predominantly oral. In St. Paul’s writing alone we find four of these expressions used interchangeably. And in just the two Thessalonian epistles, “gospel,” “word of God,” and “tradition” are regarded as referring to the same thing. Thus, we must unavoidably conclude that “tradition” is not a dirty word in the Bible. Or, if one insists on maintaining that it is, then “gospel” and “word of God” are also bad words! Scripture allows no other conclusion: the exegetical evidence is simply too plain.

To conclude our biblical survey, we again cite St. Paul and his stress on the central importance of oral tradition:

2 Timothy 1:13-14 Follow the pattern of the sound words which you have heard from me, in the faith and love which are in Christ Jesus;
[14] guard the truth that has been entrusted to you by the Holy Spirit who dwells within us.

2 Timothy 2:2 and what you have heard from me before many witnesses entrust to faithful men who will be able to teach others also.

St. Paul is here urging Timothy not only to “follow the pattern” of  his oral teaching “heard from me,” but to also pass it on to others. Thus we find a clear picture of some sort of authentic historical continuity of Christian doctrine. This is precisely what the Catholic Church calls tradition, or, when emphasizing the teaching authority of bishops in the Church, “apostolic succession.” The phrase “deposit of faith” is also used when describing the original gospel teaching as handed over or delivered to the apostles (see, e.g., Acts 2:42; Jude 3).

The Catholic Church considers itself merely the custodian or guardian of this revelation from God. The New Testament itself is a written encapsulation of primitive, apostolic Christianity: the authoritative and inspired written revelation of God’s new covenant. It is a development, so to speak, of both the Old Testament and early oral Christian preaching and teaching (i.e., tradition). The process of canonization of the New Testament took over 300 years and involved taking into account human opinions and traditions as to which books were believed to be Scripture.

Thus, the Bible cannot be separated and isolated from tradition and a developmental process. Christianity does not take the view of Islam, whose written revelation, the Q’uran, simply came down from heaven from Allah to Mohammad, without involving human participation in the least. Some extreme, fundamentalist forms of sola Scriptura have a very similar outlook, but these fail the test of Scripture itself, like all the other manifestations of the “Bible Alone” mentality. As we have seen, Scripture does not nullify or anathematize Christian tradition, which is larger and more all-encompassing than itself; quite the contrary.

In Catholicism, Scripture and tradition are intrinsically interwoven. They have been described as “twin fonts of the one divine well-spring” (i.e., revelation), and cannot be separated, any more than can two wings of a bird.

*****

Meta Description: Explanation of the Catholic notion of apostolic, sacred tradition, which is always harmonious with Holy Scripture.

Meta Keywords: Bible & Tradition, Bible Only, kerygma, oral proclamation, oral teaching, oral tradition, Preaching, Rule of Faith, sacred tradition, Scripture Alone, Sola Scriptura

2017-02-25T12:15:58-04:00

[50 New Testament Proofs for Petrine Primacy & the Papacy: in French]

PeterKeys2

Detail of Christ Handing the Keys to St. Peter (1481-82) by Pietro Perugino (1448-1523) [public domain / Wikimedia Commons]

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Cette écriture de la mine de 1994 a été traduit en 2008 par Benoit Meyrieux, qui vient cette semaine a obtenu une maîtrise en théologie de l’Université franciscaine de Steubenville. Il a également obtenu un baccalauréat canonique en philosophie et d’un baccalauréat en études religieuses. Benoit est né et a grandi en France et est maintenant un citoyen américain. Il sera traduit mon livre Apocalypse! dans un proche avenir.

[This 1994 writing of mine was translated in 2008 by Benoit Meyrieux, who just this week earned a Masters degree in Theology from Franciscan University in Steubenville. He has also obtained a Canonical Baccalaureate in Philosophy and a BA in Religious Studies. Benoit was born and raised in France and is now a US citizen. He will be translating my book Revelation!: 1001 Bible Answers to Theological Questions in the near future as well.]

[see his original link and my English version]

***

Traduit de A Biblical Defense of Catholicism par Dave Armstrong, Sophia Institute Press [2003], pp. 233-238. Voir le site de l’auteur : Biblical Evidence for Catholicism

  • 1) Pierre seul est le Rocher sur lequel Jésus construit son Eglise (Mt 16, 18).
  • 2) Les clés du royaume des cieux sont confiés uniquement à Pierre (Mt 16, 19).
  • 3) Le pouvoir de lier et délier est uniquement donné à Pierre de façon individuelle (Mt 16, 19).
  • 4) Le nom de Pierre apparaît en premier dans toutes les listes des apôtres (Mt 10, 2; Mc 3, 16; Lc 6, 14; Ac 1, 13). Matthieu l’appelle même le «premier» (Mt 10, 2). (Judas Iscariote est invariablement mentionné en dernier).
  • 5) Pierre est pratiquement toujours en premier lorsqu’il est mentionné avec quelqu’un d’autre. L’unique exemple contraire se trouve en Ga 2, 9 où il (Céphas) est cité après Jacques et avant Jean. Cependant, il est clairement prédominant dans le contexte (par ex. 1, 18-19; 2, 7-8).
  • 6) Pierre est le seul parmi les apôtres à recevoir un nouveau nom (Jn 1, 42; Mt 16, 18).
  • 7) De même, Pierre est considéré par Jésus comme le berger en chef, après lui-même (Jn 21, 15-17), ayant autorité sur l’Eglise dans son ensemble, même si d’autres ont un rôle similaire mais subordonné au ministère de Pierre (Ac 20, 28; 1 P 5, 2).
  • 8) Pierre est le seul apôtre pour lequel Jésus a prié afin que sa foi ne défaille pas (Lc 22, 32).
  • 9) Pierre est le seul apôtre exhorté par Jésus de«fortifier tes frères» (Lc 22, 32).
  • 10) Pierre est le premier a confesser la messianité et la divinité du Christ (Mt 16, 16).
  • 11) A Pierre seul Jésus dit qu’il a reçu une connaissance divine par une spéciale révélation (Mt 16, 17).
  • 12) Pierre considéré par les Juifs (Ac 4, 1-13) comme le leader et le porte parole des chrétiens.
  • 13) Pierre est considéré de même par le peuple (Ac 2, 37-41; 5, 15).
  • 14) Jésus s’associe avec Pierre dans le miracle de la redevance du Temple (Mt 17, 24-26).
  • 15) Jésus enseigne sur la barque de Pierre et la pêche miraculeuse se produit à bord du même bateau (Lc 5, 1-11): peut-être une métaphore pour le pape comme «pêcheur d’hommes» (Mt 4, 19).
  • 16) Pierre fut le premier apôtre à se mettre en route pour le tombeau vide et à y entrer (Lc 24, 12; Jn 20, 6).
  • 17) Pierre est défini par un ange comme le leader et le représentant des apôtres (Mc 16, 7).
  • 18) Pierre emmène les apôtres pêcher (Jn 21, 2-3.11). La «barque» de Pierre a toujours été considérée par les catholiques comme la figure de l’Eglise avec Pierre à la barre.
  • 19) Pierre seul se jette à la mer pour aller vers Jésus (Jn 21, 7).
  • 20) Les paroles que Pierre a prononcées avant la Pentecôte dans la Chambre Haute sont les premières et les plus importantes documentées (Ac 1, 15-22).
  • 21) Pierre prend l’initiative d’appeler à un remplacement de Judas (Ac 1, 22).
  • 22) Pierre est la première personne à parler (et la seule documentée) après la Pentecôte, il est donc le premier chrétien à «prêcher l’Evangile» dans l’ère de l’Eglise (Ac 2, 14-36).
  • 23) Pierre opère le premier miracle de l’histoire de l’Eglise en guérissant un paralytique (Ac 3, 6-12).
  • 24) Pierre prononce le premier anathème contre Ananie et Saphire, qui est fortement confirmé par Dieu (Ac 5, 2-11).
  • 25) L’ombre de Pierre opère des miracles (Ac 5, 15).
  • 26) Pierre est le premier après Jésus à ressusciter un mort (Ac 9, 40).
  • 27) Corneille est instruit par un ange à chercher Pierre pour être instruit dans la foi (Ac 10, 1-6).
  • 28) Pierre est le premier à accueillir les gentils (païens), après une révélation de Dieu (Ac 10, 9-48).
  • 29) Pierre instruit les autres apôtres à propos de la catholicité (universalité) de l’Eglise (Ac 11, 5-17).
  • 30) Pierre est le premier individu dans l’ère de l’Eglise objet d’une divine intervention (un ange le délivre de prison Ac 12, 1-17).
  • 31) Toute l’Eglise prie pour Pierre pendant son emprisonnement (Ac 12, 5).
  • 32) Pierre ouvre et préside le premier concile de la Chrétienté et établit des principes qui sont accepté par le concile (Ac 15, 7-11).
  • 33) Paul distingue l’apparition de Jésus après sa Résurrection d’avec les apparitions aux autres disciples (1 Co 15, 4-8). Les deux disciples sur la route d’Emmaüs font la même distinction (Lc 24, 34), à cette occasion ne mentionnant que Pierre (Simon), même si ils viennent tout juste de voir Jésus ressuscité (Lc 24, 33).
  • 34) Pierre est souvent distingué des autres apôtres (Mc 1, 36; Lc 9, 28. 32; Ac 2, 37; 5, 29; 1 Co 9, 5).
  • 35) Pierre est souvent le porte parole des apôtres, surtout aux moments cruciaux (Mc 8, 29; Mt 18, 21; Lc 9, 5; 12, 41; Jn 6, 67-69).
  • 36) Le nom de Pierre est toujours cité en premier dans la liste des disciples intimes (Pierre, Jacques et Jean – Mt 17, 1; 26, 37.40; Mc 5, 37; 14, 37).
  • 37) Pierre est souvent la figure centrale à laquelle Jésus s’adresse dans les scènes évangéliques majeures comme celle de la marche sur les eaux (Mt 14, 28-32; Lc 5, 1 et suiv.; Mc 10, 28; Mt 17, 24 et suiv.).
  • 38) Pierre est le premier à reconnaître et à refuser l’hérésie de Simon le Magicien (Ac 8, 14-24).
  • 39) Le nom de Pierre est mentionné plus souvent que tous les autres disciples mis ensemble: 191 fois (162 comme Pierre ou Simon Pierre, 23 fois comme Simon et 6 comme Céphas) contre 130 fois pour tous les autres disciples. John est le second à apparaître le plus souvent (48 fois) et Pierre est cité avec lui la moitié du temps.
  • 40) La proclamation de Pierre à la Pentecôte (Ac 2, 14-41) contient une interprétation des Ecritures qui fait autorité, une décision doctrinale et une mesure disciplinaire concernant les membres de la Maison d’Israël (2, 36): un exemple de lier et de délier.
  • 41) Pierre est le premier à juger avec autorité que le don des langues est authentique (Ac 2, 14-21).
  • 42) Pierre est le premier à prêcher la repentance chrétienne et le baptême (Ac 2, 38).
  • 43) Pierre mène le premier baptême en masse (Ac 2, 41).
  • 44) Pierre ordonne que les premiers chrétiens venant du paganisme soient baptisés (Ac 10, 44-48).
  • 45) Pierre est le premier missionnaire itinérant et le premier à exercer ce qui sera appelé la «visite des églises» (Ac 9, 32-38.43). Paul pour sa part a prêché à Damas immédiatement après sa conversion (Ac 9, 20), mais n’avait pas voyagé jusqu’à là dans ce but (Dieu a changé ses plans!). Ses voyages missionnaires ne commencent qu’en Ac 13, 2.
  • 46) Paul est venu spécifiquement à Jérusalem pour visiter Pierre pendant 15 jours au début de son ministère (Ga 1, 18) et a été mandaté par Pierre, Jacques et Jean (Ga 2, 9) pour prêcher aux païens.
  • 47) Pierre agit comme le chef évêque/ berger de l’Eglise (1 P 5, 1), puisqu’il exhorte pour les autres évêques ou anciens.
  • 48) Pierre interprète la prophétie (2 P 16-21).
  • 49) Pierre corrige ceux qui font un mauvais usage des écrits de Paul (2 P 3, 15-16).
  • 50) Pierre écrit sa première épître depuis Rome (désignée sous le nom de code «Babylone» 1 P 5, 13) comme son évêque et comme évêque universel (ou pape) de l’Eglise.

En conclusion il est difficile de soutenir que Dieu ait ainsi mis Pierre tellement en avant dans les Ecritures, sans qu’il y ait une signification pour le gouvernement de l’Eglise. La papauté est l’interprétation la plus plausible et l’actuel accomplissement institutionnel de cette évidence biblique. Pourquoi Dieu aurait-il ordonné d’avance une telle fonction d’autorité pour que celle-ci cesse à la mort de Pierre ?

Clairement, la fonction de la papauté est prépondérante, non pas les papes dans leur individualité, et cela devait être perpétuel (succession apostolique), tout comme la fonction d’évêque, de diacre, d’enseignant et d’évangéliste.

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Meta Description [La description]: apologiste catholique 50 épreuves de Dave Armstrong du Nouveau Testament, pour la papauté et la primauté de Saint-Pierre [Catholic apologist Dave Armstrong’s 50 proofs from the New Testament, for the papacy & primacy of St. Peter]

Meta Keywords [Mots clés]: la succession apostolique, Bible et la papauté, l’autorité biblique, l’ecclésiologie, la papauté, primat pétrinien, papes, primat de Rome, Saint-Pierre [apostolic succession, Bible & papacy, biblical authority, ecclesiology, papacy, Petrine primacy, popes, primacy of Rome, St. Peter]

2017-02-25T12:34:41-04:00

Further Adventures at an Atheist “Bible Study” Group

Dialogue6

Image by “josemiguels” [Pixabay / CC0 public domain]

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(11-24-10)

*****

Last night I attended for the third time an “atheist Bible study” group in metro Detroit led by Jon, a former evangelical and friendly fellow, with whom I have debated the Galileo issue. He has a blog called Prove Me Wrong. The first time I went there, several months back, I was invited as a guest speaker. It was simply a Q and A, “grill the apologist” session (due to my dislike of lecturing as my own method of communication), mostly devoted to the usual garden-variety questions about Catholicism. Jon later described the night as follows:

I run a bible study. It’s for those interested in understanding the Bible from a secular perspective. We’re mostly atheists but we do have some Christian participation. A couple of times instead of studying the Bible I’ve simply brought in a religious person. So once Roman Catholic apologist Dave Armstrong came. A lot of atheists regard Christian belief as extremely easy to debunk and I thought it would be fun to bring in someone that has thought through common objections and is able to turn it back on atheists. Make them exercise their brains a bit. We had a great time with Dave.

That time, there were eleven atheists and myself. It was the most enjoyable and challenging evening I have ever spent as an apologist in almost 30 years of apologetics. Several of the people said that I had won their respect, by simply showing up and being cordial and willing to answer their questions and do some back-and-forth. For their part (save for just one person who was later kicked out of their group) they were very cordial and friendly.

This is not the stereotypical “angry atheist” group (example: John Loftus’ Debunking Christianity blog), with (irrational, self-contradictory) anger against God and Christianity upfront and dominating everything, complete with ubiquitous personal insults towards Christians. No; Jon, to his great credit, is trying to do something different, and to actually seek to better understand Christianity and Christian arguments and to have some real dialogue.

I went a second time and enjoyed some great discussion around a campfire (mostly with the guy who had given me the hardest time in the first meeting: insinuating that I was dishonest or ignorant or both). Then I invited Jon to my house to do a presentation on the nonexistence of Jesus (a position he holds tentatively). That went well, too, and Jon gave the following description of his experience:

I had the opportunity last Friday to sit down with some Catholics and just spend an evening discussing some of our disagreements. It was me along with another atheist (who I met for the first time) and a few Catholics. It was put together by Dave Armstrong. I really appreciate Dave. He’s one of those people that is able to sit down and disagree with me strongly, but do it in a way that makes for productive and friendly dialogue. Not all Christians can do this, nor can all skeptics.

Apparently, Jon has a somewhat more favorable view towards my reasoning abilities these days, compared to 26 March 2010, when he wrote (I tease him about this):

As far as apologists go I kind of like Roman Catholics. Dave Armstrong may be extremely irrational. But he’s always been fairly charitable.

Last night, the person doing the presentation was a guy who goes by “DagoodS”: another former Christian who runs a blog called Thoughts From a Sandwich. He is an attorney; a very animated, thoughtful, academic type (the sort of person I particularly love talking to and learning from). He talked about how Christians defend the resurrection of Jesus; playing “Christian” most of the time. It was historiographically dense (with many “footnote” references to “what scholars today think”), interesting enough, and entertaining on its own level, but ultimately not to my own taste because it was a professorial-type lecture (complete with the white board and markers). It was like being in a graduate-level history class (or maybe a Unitarian Bible study). I want to dialogue (as is well-known to my readers by now), and that never occurred. We all have our preferences.

One of the few critiques I was able to get in at all had to do with the relentless, dogmatic presuppositional skepticism of atheists. DagoodS asked the group (17 including myself) how many believed that miracles occur. I was the only one to raise my hand. Then he asked how many believed that miracles might possibly occur. Jon raised his hand, and possibly one other. Only one or two even allowed the bare possibility. This exactly illustrated the point I was to make.

DagoodS was saying that it is more difficult to believe an extraordinary miracle or event than to believe in one that is more commonplace. True enough as far as it goes. But I said (paraphrasing), “you don’t believe that any miracles are possible, not even this book raising itself an inch off the table, so it is pointless for you to say that it is hard to believe in a great miracle, when in fact you don’t believe in any miracles whatsoever.” No response. I always try to get at the person’s presuppositions. That is my socratic method.

This being the case, for an atheist (ostensibly with an “open mind”) to examine evidence for the Resurrection of Jesus, is almost a farcical enterprise from the start (at least from a Christian perspective) because they commence the analysis with the extremely hostile presuppositions of:

1) No miracles can occur in the nature of things.

2) #1 logically follows because, of course, under fundamental atheist presuppositions, there is no God to perform any miracle.

3) The New Testament documents are fundamentally untrustworthy and historically suspect, having been written by gullible, partisan Christians; particularly because, for most facts presented therein, there is not (leaving aside archaeological evidences) written secular corroborating evidence.

Some atheists (like Jon) even claim (or suspect) that Jesus didn’t exist at all (making such a topic even more absurd and ludicrous (given that premise) than it already is in atheist eyes. Yet they think that such an examination of the Resurrection is an objective endeavor on their part, as if they will come to any other conclusion than the foregone one that they have already decided long since, upon the adoption of their atheism? And we are the ones who are constantly excoriated for being so “inflexible” and “dogmatic” and “closed-minded” to any other truths besides Christian ones?

The lecture went on for two hours in the library room where the group met, and then we went to a restaurant. Over there, I wasn’t seated next to either Jon or DagoodS (there were about 13 people present), so further discussion with them wasn’t possible. Instead I talked a lot about the problem of evil and God’s supposed serious deficiencies, with a third person, with the person on the other side of me asking me intermittently about purgatory and limbo and indulgences.

I was able to get in at least one important point with Jon at the restaurant. He was making fun of the popes taking many centuries to decide the dogmatic question of the Immaculate Conception of Mary [1854]. So I noted (with some vigor) that people (not just atheists but also Protestants) are always criticizing popes (and the Church as a whole) for supposedly declaring things by fiat and with raw power, apart from rational deliberation and intellectual reflection (which is a myth), yet on the other hand, if they take centuries to let the Church reflect and ponder important issues (this example, Mary’s Assumption [1950], papal infallibility [1870]), by not yet declaring something at the highest levels of authority, then they get blasted for being indecisive and wishy-washy and lacking authority.

It was a classic case of the Catholic Church always having to be criticized, even if there are simultaneous contradictory criticisms taking place. It’s the amusing, ironic spectacle of people illogically falsely accusing us of being illogical. If we do one thing we are wrong and stupid and illogical because of thus-and-so. If we do the exact opposite and contrary of that, we are still wrong and stupid and illogical for reasons that utterly contradict those of the prior criticism. And so on and on it goes. The only thing that critics of Catholicism “know” is that the Catholic Church is always wrong. That is the bottom line. We seem to be everyone’s favorite target and “whipping boy.”

DagoodS’ specialty (like that of many atheists of a certain sort; especially former Christians) is relentlessly trying to poke holes in the Bible and dredging up any conceivable so-called “contradiction” that he can find. It’s the hyper-rationalistic, “can’t see the forest for the trees” game. As I’ve often said, such a person approaches the Bible like a butcher approaches a hog. Their mind is already made up. If they go looking for errors and “contradictions” they will assuredly always “find” them.

And if a Christian spends the great deal of laborious, tedious time required to debunk and refute these in order to show how they are not, in fact, contradictions (as I and many others have done), they simply ignore that as of no consequence and go their merry way seeking out more of the same. It never ends. It’s like a boat with a hundred holes in the bottom. The Christian painstakingly patches up the last one while the atheist on the other side of the boat merrily drills another one to patch. I’ll play the game for a while and every now and then but it is never to be taken too seriously because it is, quite literally, just a game in the end.

I have actually debated DagoodS several times in the past on the Internet, and have critiqued his deconversion story (atheists invariably despise the unmitigated gall of a Christian daring to do that!).

Now that I have met the man, and had no chance to interact with him last night for more than 90 seconds, I may try to set aside some time in my busy schedule to debunk more of his skeptical excursions undertaken for the purpose of undermining the trustworthiness and inspiration of the Holy Bible. In all likelihood, judging from his past responses, any such replies will have no effect on him, but they can help Christians see the bankruptcy of atheist anti-biblical arguments, and those on the fence to avoid falling into the same errors of logic and fallacious worldviews built upon such errors.

And that is the whole goal of apologetics, and particularly the dialogical apologetics that I specialize in: to help people (by God’s grace) avoid theological and philosophical errors and to be more confident in their Christian and Catholic beliefs, by understanding solid intellectual rationales for same. We remove obstacles and roadblocks. What the person will do with that information is a function of their minds and free wills and God’s grace, and that is out of the apologist’s hands.

Related Post

Dave Armstrong vs. the Atheists (Protestant apologist Cory Tucholski, 10 Dec. 2010, from Internet Archive)

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Meta Description: Description of a fun, friendly meeting with 16 atheists & agnostics & Catholic apologist Dave Armstrong.
Meta Keywords: atheism, agnosticism, atheists, agnostics, atheist-Christian dialogue, agnostic-Christian dialogue, miracles
2017-04-19T13:05:57-04:00

PeterTabitha
St. Peter Raising Tabitha, by Masolino da Panicale (c. 1383 – c. 1447); portion of a fresco in the Brancacci Chapel, in the Church of Santa Maria del Carmine in Florence, Italy  [public domain / Wikimedia Commons]
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The first portion is from my book, The Catholic Verses (Sophia Institute Press: April 2004):
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Acts 9:36-37, 40-41 (RSV): “Now there was at Joppa a disciple named Tabitha, which means Dorcas . . . 37 In those days she fell sick and died . . . 40 But Peter . . . knelt down and prayed; then turning to the body he said, ‘Tabitha, rise.’ And she opened her eyes, and when she saw Peter she sat up. 41 And he gave her his hand and lifted her up. Then calling the saints and widows he presented her alive.”

This passage – in relation to prayers for the dead – was suggested to me by my wife, Judy, as I was writing the preceding section. It had never occurred to me before; I don’t recall ever hearing such an argument made, and I was quite excited at the “apologetic” possibilities contained in this passage.

I readily grant that the example is unusual, because of the uniqueness of praying to raise someone from the dead (as distinguished from a prayer which aids someone in purgatory rather than bringing them back to the earth); also, I agree that the apostles had extraordinary powers of healing, so that this is not exactly a “normative” state of affairs (though even great miracles like these have been claimed through the years: I have an entire book about it).

Nevertheless, it seems utterly indisputable that here St. Peter literally prayed for a dead person, as far as that goes. When the Bible tells us that he “prayed,” it was obviously for the purpose of bringing her back to life (and she was dead when he prayed it). It’s possible also that he might have prayed something like, “Lord, if it be your will to keep her, so be it; your will be done, but if she can be brought back to her grieving family . . . “ Either way, he is undeniably praying for a dead person, which Protestants say is not permitted, and supposedly not recorded in the Bible.

Furthermore, we have another familiar example of the same thing: Jesus praying for Lazarus, just before he was raised by the Lord: “Father, I thank thee that thou hast heard me. I knew that thou hearest me always, but I have said this on account of the people standing by, that they may believe that thou didst send me” (John 11:41-42). There is no recorded prayer at the raising of Jairus’ daughter (Mark 5:35-43).

Protestants would no doubt argue in reply that this was the Lord Jesus and an even more unique case, but we are commanded to imitate Him (including in prayer; e.g., the Lord’s Prayer), and it remains an example of prayer for the dead. The Bible informs us that the disciples raised people from the dead (Mt 11:5, Lk 7:22) and that Jesus told them that they would be able to, and should, do so (Mt 10:8). So they went out and did it, with (presumably) the use of prayer for that end. Thus, they prayed for the dead. We have an example of Peter doing just that.

John Calvin challenged Catholics concerning prayers for the dead: “I ask them, in turn, by what word of God, by what revelation, by what example, is this done?” (in McNeill, Institutes, III, 5, 10). I have just offered two examples recorded in two Bible passages (in addition to Onesiphorus).

If dead saints are not too far “out of reach” to be prayed for and raised from the dead back to earthly life, then I submit that they aren’t too distant for us to pray for their souls while in purgatory (assuming – as Catholics do on several biblical grounds – that there is such a thing). As Jesus would ask the Pharisees, “which of these two things is more difficult to do?” Matthew Henry comments:

“By prayer. In his healing Eneas there was an implied prayer, but in this greater work he addressed himself to God by solemn prayer, as Christ when he raised Lazarus; but Christ’s prayer was with the authority of a Son, who quickens whom he will; Peter’s with the submission of a servant, who is under direction, and therefore he knelt down and prayed.”

There we have it. It is inescapable logic:

1. Peter prayed for Tabitha and Jesus for Lazarus, that they be raised from the dead.

2. In order for such a prayer and miracle to occur, the person prayed for must be dead, by definition.

3. Therefore, Jesus and Peter both prayed for the dead, and such a thing is recorded in the Word of God.

John Calvin in his Commentaries, writes at length about St. Peter’s prayer (later stating that he also “speaketh unto a corpse”), citing a precedent (Aeneas, from the preceding context of Acts 9:32-35):

When he healed Aeneas he brake out into these words, without making any stop, Aeneas, Jesus Christ make thee whole. But as the operation of the Spirit is not always alike and the same, it may be that though he knew the power of God, yet he went forward unto the miracle by degrees.

Calvin later graciously directed the reader (and jogged my own memory) to yet another biblical account of prayers for the dead: that of Elijah, as recorded in 1 Kings 17:17-24:

Then he stretched himself upon the child three times, and cried to the Lord, ‘O Lord my God, let this child’s soul come into him again.’ And the Lord hearkened to the voice of Elijah; and the soul of the child came into him again, and he revived. (17:21-22)

It is only fitting that Calvin’s query, “by what word of God, by what revelation, by what example, is this done?” should be answered by himself in another of his own works. We have only added the names of our Glorious Lord Jesus and St. Peter to the list of those who are shown praying for the dead in Holy Scripture, as confirmed by Protestant commentators, who (despite all) are convinced that no such thing exists in Scripture.

Until someone can explain to me how it is possible to pray to raise a person from the dead without simultaneously praying for the dead (i.e., that same dead person), then I will insist henceforth that the practice of praying for the dead is explicitly taught and shown by literal example in both Testaments.

Furthermore, these acts would probably not have occurred but for the prayers. God has power over life and death and is entirely sovereign, but He involves human beings and incorporates their prayers into His Providence. None of these people came back to life until they were prayed for.

Thus it is God’s will and an entirely scriptural practice to pray for the dead. If it were not God’s will for men to pray such things, He would not have honored the prayer.and the person wouldn’t have been raised (1 John 5:14-15). Therefore, to rule out this practice is impossible, if we are to be true to the Bible.

Protestants might still, however, have a certain comeback to this argument. This was pointed out to me by my friend and fellow apologist, Steve Kellmeyer. I cite his words (with permission) from private correspondence:

I can see only one counter-argument to your novel and powerful “praying for the dead” argument. A Protestant might well argue that the only kind of prayer for the dead which is permitted is a prayer intending to raise the dead back to physical life. The argument would assert that since all three indicated instances — Elijah, Jesus, Peter — prayed for restored physical life and were granted this physical life, that the power and intent of such a prayer would be implicitly restricted to just this, by Scripture.

The counter, of course, is clear: examples of physical healing which corresponded to examples of spiritual healing: “Which is more difficult, to say, “your sins are forgiven” or to say, “pick up your mat and walk”? [Luke 5:17-26] That is, Christ often used physical healing to point to His ability to accomplish an inner spiritual healing [Lk 5:24]. So, if we are allowed to pray for spiritual healing (which we are) or for physical healing (which we are) we would implicitly be permitted to pray for the healing of souls in purgatory, since this healing is really what God wants.

This in turn might be countered by the Protestants’ denial of our ability to do this. They might charge that these raisings from the dead are indeed pointing to a deeper spiritual reality — they point to the fact that God can save us when we are “dead in our sins”. They do not point to the possibility that we are to pray for the actual healing of a dead person from the effects of his own sin, since judgement is meted out at the moment of death, and a person’s final position is irrevocably fixed at that moment. Indeed, they would point out that none of the three raisings indicate that the people in question were healed of their sins. At this point, the argument threatens to get bogged down (both sides arguing past each other), because its suppositions reside in a doctrine neither side explicitly mentions.

The problem is the doctrine of total corruption. Anyone who believes in it can’t entertain the idea of “walking wounded”. Either you are alive in Christ or you are dead in your sins, but you are never alive and wounded in your sins. So, any argument which implicitly or explicitly describes “walking wounded” will be rejected by the consistent theologian of total corruption. That’s why both purgatory (the place for the wounded soul) and this argument (novel and excellent as it is), will still be viewed with great suspicion.

I agree with Steve’s speculation as to probable Protestant replies to this argument. Like most of Christian theology, the question at hand is highly interrelated to other biblical and doctrinal aspects, within an overall self-consistent framework (whether Catholic, Protestant, or Orthodox). Thus, it must be accompanied by further distinct arguments for purgatory, penance, and the nature of justification in order to fully succeed and to be convincing to a Protestant, who comes to the discussion with an initial hostility to any notion of the intermediate state, or purgatory.

To follow up once again, however, I would point out that the “line” between heaven and earth, or the afterlife and earth (including purgatory) is not so rigid and absolute as many seem to assume. This was shown in my previous mention of dead saints who came back to earth (Moses and Elijah at the Transfiguration, Samuel, the two “witnesses” of Revelation, and the many people who came out of their tombs and walked around Jerusalem after Jesus’s death). It’s true that those events were a result of God’s decree and not men’s prayers, but nevertheless, they prove that the “line” is not absolute. Whatever God can and does do, is proper for men to pray for.

A certain “middle ground” or “intermediate state” between salvation in heaven — never to be undone or reversed –, and earthly existence, is a fact, which is illustrated precisely by these instances of raising the dead; a miracle – accompanied by prayer — performed by Elijah, our Lord Jesus (twice), and St. Peter.

Under a strict Protestant eschatological interpretation, a person dies and is then immediately judged and granted eternal life in heaven or eternal damnation in hell. This conclusion is often bolstered by citing Hebrews 9:27: “. . . it is appointed for men to die once, and after that comes judgment”. But it is merely assumed (without any logical necessity flowing from the text itself) that judgment is instantaneous upon death.

For instance, one could write, “it is appointed for men to graduate from high school once, and after that comes college”. There is no requirement that the event “after” is instantaneous simply because it immediately follows something previous to it. But even the supposed “immediate” is not a grammatical or logical necessity, for the phrase “after that” doesn’t require it. One could write, for example, “it is appointed for all Lutherans to be baptized once, and after that comes confirmation”. Confirmation is after baptism, but by some 10-12 years in most cases.

So then, what of these four people who were dead and came back to life? Obviously, they were in some sort of intermediate state which was neither an earthly existence nor an irrevocable commencement of the sentence of hell or the unfathomable blessings of heaven. The Protestant has no choice but to grant that, even if these cases are deemed rare exceptions to the otherwise ironclad rule.

Therefore, there is such a notion as an intermediate state, at least in some cases (however rare). This is the fundamental presupposition behind purgatory, and so the very actuality of these miracles is itself an establishment of a key tenet of purgatory (which in turn, is rejected out of hand by Protestants, causing them to automatically denounce prayers for the dead). One senses a certain self-contradiction starting to creep up in the Protestant perspective, upon closer inspection.

This brings us back to an earlier point: if indeed it is possible for a person to be in this intermediate state and to be brought across the great line between life and death (which has to do with earthly bodies, but not souls, which are eternal in any case), by prayer, then it seems equally plausible and possible, to cause a person to advance in purgatory as a result of prayer, following the principle laid down by Jesus when He said that it is easier to say “your sins are forgiven” (a purely spiritual occurrence) than to physically heal a man.

In other words, if we can pray and raise a dead body back to life, and across the line from the afterlife to earthly life, we can also pray for the same person’s soul in the afterlife. One is no more implausible or plausible than the other. If Protestants demand biblical examples of praying for the dead, we have provided them. Even if they are “exceptional cases” this is not fatal to the argument. All miracles are “exceptions” by definition. Raising the dead was certainly an exception to routine, humdrum everyday life, yet Jesus told His disciples to go do it (Mt. 10:8).

If we can pray for a dead man to come back to life, it seems only likely that we can pray for their soul as well, since the first prayer presupposes an intermediate state wherein that soul (without a body) is neither in heaven nor hell, from which there is no end or exit (as far as it is revealed in Scripture).

If a person can be so aided in the earthly direction, why couldn’t they be aided in the heavenly direction, and who can deny whether there might be gradations or processes in the journey from earth to heaven, involving duration, according to Thomas Howard’s statement above, that “the Bible does not vouchsafe us much light on how, much less when, our stories reach completion in the realm beyond death”?

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Meta Description: When the dead are raised, it is an instance of prayer for the dead. They are dead, someone prays for them, & the prayer is answered.

Meta Keywords: afterlife, eschatology, hades, intermediate state, last things, netherworld, penance, penance for the dead, Prayer for the dead, purgatory, sheol, prayers for the dead, Tabitha, Lazarus, Jairus’ daughter, Elijah, St. Peter

2017-02-27T12:47:16-04:00

(vs. Ken Temple)

CrossRelic

Relic of the True Cross, Decani Monastery, Serbia [Wikimedia CommonsCreative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported license]

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(6-3-08)

Ken’s words will be in blue.

* * * * *

Paul Hoffer noted:

The Martyrdom of Saint Polycarp, written in 155-157 AD clearly shows that the Church practiced the veneration of relics very early in Church history:

Accordingly, we afterwards took up his [St. Polycarp’s] bones, as being more precious than the most exquisite jewels, and more purified than gold, and deposited them in a fitting place, whither, being gathered together, as opportunity is allowed us, with joy and rejoicing, the Lord shall grant us to celebrate the anniversary of his martyrdom, both in memory of those who have already finished their course, and for the exercising and preparation of those yet to walk in their steps. (Chapter 18 )

Yes, the quote from the Martyrdom of Polycarp shows the ancient of practice of honoring his bones; and they rejoiced and celebrated.

But, nowhere does it say that they kissed them or bowed down to them or put money on his grave, etc. or prayed to his “spirit” or his “person” or his “soul” (in heaven) that is the metaphysical reality behind the physical bones left here on this earth.

Even if it did say that they kissed them or bowed to them or prayed to Polycarp, they would be wrong, based on Scripture. But because it does not have those practices with the ancient text of 155-156 AD; then the wrong aspects of the way RCC handles relics is not “deeper in history”.

So, just remembering a great saint and martyr — nothing wrong with that. That aspect is good; and archeology and history and recording the lives and martyrdoms of great Christians is a great thing.

Graves stones are fine, to visit and remember the dead. But there should be none of the other later practices of praying to the dead and kissing relics and touching them and believing one will get a blessing or power or healing etc from the physical substance; as if power would come out from them, etc. These things are all clearly wrong.

Really? How interesting, then, that Elijah’s mantle parted the Jordan River (2 Kings 2:11-14). Elisha’s bones raised a man from the dead (2 Kings 13:20-21). How odd that Paul’s “handkerchiefs or aprons” were used to heal the sick and cast out demons (Acts 19:11-12).

Once again you (ultimately) have profound problems with God’s inspired revelation, not with Catholicism. We follow the Scripture on this. You do not, and instead substitute the dead traditions of men (no pun intended).

Isn’t it too much work and effort to be at odds with the Bible?

Yes, those things happened in Scripture and in Scriptural history; we all agree that they are true and they are in the historical narrative. We know the historical narrative in Kings and Acts is true, because it is inspired, God-breathed Scripture. But there are no teaching sections in Acts, etc. nor in the Epistles that tell us to copy these practices.

The RCC as also Pentecostals and Charismatics and the word of faith movement, need to know the difference between historical narrative Scripture and the teaching/didactive portions of Scripture. Both camps make the same mistakes and interpret and apply the Scriptures wrongly.

But there is no command or principle to try and copy those things; God does miracles when He wants to; not when we think we can manipulate Him into doing them. That is why Benny Hinn is just as goofy and wrong as the RCs who visit graves and touch and kiss and leave money on the grave sites, thinking and hoping they will be a blessing, etc. (popular Muslim folk Islam does the same things, and has a lot in common with Marian practices, relics, visiting graves, Fatima, etc. with RCC popular religion.)

This is all wrong, and I have no problem with the Biblical record on this. So, you are soundly refuted.

You simply assume that all Catholic use of relics is manipulation of God. That is hogwash. Obviously, we believe that any power therein comes from God. That’s why we show the reverence that we do, because God uses matter to spread grace. He does so in the sacraments and did in the Incarnation itself.

In this case you directly contradict the Bible, no matter how much you desperately special plead and claim otherwise. You wrote:

there should be none of the other later practices of. . . kissing relics and touching them and believing one will get a blessing or power or healing etc from the physical substance; as if power would come out from them, etc. These things are all clearly wrong.

“Clearly,” huh? The Bible says, over against you:

Acts 19:11-12 And God did extraordinary miracles by the hands of Paul, so that handkerchiefs or aprons were carried away from his body to the sick, and diseases left them and the evil spirits came out of them.

You are perfectly willing to directly contradict Scripture, if only you can disagree with Catholicism. Nothing here says that these practices were bad or wrong or that folks thought these hankies had magic powers apart from God. There is not the slightest hint of that. In fact, the very next passage gives an example of those who indeed twisted God’s power for their own purposes:

Acts 19:13-16 Then some of the itinerant Jewish exorcists undertook to pronounce the name of the Lord Jesus over those who had evil spirits, saying, “I adjure you by the Jesus whom Paul preaches.” Seven sons of a Jewish high priest named Sceva were doing this. But the evil spirit answered them, “Jesus I know, and Paul I know; but who are you?” And the man in whom the evil spirit was leaped on them, mastered all of them, and overpowered them, so that they fled out of that house naked and wounded.

Therefore, if the Bible condemns this, then it certainly would have the other practice too, if indeed it had been improper. But it did not at all. In fact, it virtually equates the handkerchiefs and aprons with “the hand of Paul” as well as “extraordinary miracles” by God. So the logic is:

1) God brings about miracles.

2) He does so by the hands of Paul.

3) Even objects associated with Paul’s person are so used as direct instruments of these miracles from God through Paul (so Scripture says) — these are secondary relics.

We believe the same. You are absolutely incorrect in your attempt to pretend that this historic practice ought not be imitated.

To the contrary, Jesus told His disciples that they should be able to heal and cast out demons just as He did. Paul often says to imitate him (1 Cor 4:16; Phil 3:17; 2 Thess 3:7-9). We don’t need literal written instruction for everything. We have the written instruction from Paul, to “imitate” him as he imitates Christ (1 Cor 11:1; 1 Thess 1:6). Therefore, since we have this example, and it is presented positively, it is perfectly acceptable to believe the same about relics and objects associated with other holy men.

If you found (theoretically, for the sake of argument) a piece of the cross, would you burn it in a fireplace as if it were no different from any other piece of wood? What if you had a vial of Jesus’ blood? Would you toss it in a dumpster? Or His robe, or the cup He used at the Last Supper? How about bulldozing Calvary and turning it into a parking lot or a drug store?

This is an area that Roman Catholics have a lot in common with Pentecostals and Charismatics – wanting to touch and feel and experience in order to confirm belief.

I don’t trust most of the “relic” claims in history. Sorry; they just don’t pass the smell test. The miracles and those things in Scripture; we know are true and happened in history; but I cannot trust much of the subsequent claims in history. Of course, I don’t know all that much and don’t know about all of them. God choses to sometimes do a miracle; but many times there is no miracle. Miracles come from God doing and power and breaking into natural laws; not from the matter itself; but again; matter is good in itself.

It is actually the ECF like Jerome and Augustine and especially Clement of Alexandria and Origen and Simon Stylites that came very close to condemning matter and came pretty close to saying that sex, even in marriage is evil; or always tainted by sin and evil lusts. . . .

I am more confident on that the Protestant position is closer to the truth. (on relics, etc. — leave it up to God to do miracles; yes He can use things; but don’t make it into a business or magic formula or relic. When the Israelites did that with the bronze serpent, God rebuked them and had a king destroy it. Somewhere in Kings or Chronicles.

I would place visiting a gravesite more in the realm of simply “remembering” a loved one rather than relics. Catholics (we must clarify!) would not say that there was grace present to be obtained through physical means, failing a great sanctity in the person. But Ken might very well say that touching the stone is some terrible unspiritual thing.

Biggest problem is your hermeneutics —

historical narrative must be interpreted differently

than

didactic/principles/teaching/commands sections of Scripture.

Your scriptural texts in favor of relics are from historical narrative. That means that it happened; but it does say or command us to try and copy that; that is the problem.

I answered that already, Ken. As so often, you skip over my answer (in this case, a huge portion of my reply) and simply repeat the same thing. This gets very wearisome. But it does show that your argument is extremely weak and desperate. My answer was (I’ll even flesh it out a bit since you ignored it):

1) No condemnation of the practice itself is in the text.

2) The text does condemn an abuse that is described right after the mention of healing hankies and aprons.

3) If our example was also an abuse, then it would have been condemned alongside the other, but it was not.

4) Therefore it is a biblically sanctioned practice.

5) Besides, Paul commands us to imitate him.

6) It’s an inference, but a very plausible one, that Paul agreed with folks taking his handkerchiefs and aprons for the sake of healing and casting our demons.

7) Therefore, to do this today would be imitating the apostolic practice of Paul, as he himself urged.

8) Jesus said we would cast out demons and heal in His name anyway, and this text gives us a concrete example of same.

9) Ergo: the objection collapses because it is superseded by the immediate sanction of the practice in the text and Paul’s instruction for us to imitate him.

10) Ergo: secondary relics are expressly sanctioned by Holy Scripture.

* * *

1) No condemnation of the practice itself is in the text.

I did not say there was a condemnation of the practice in those contexts.

I know, but you have argued that this was not “didactic/principles/teaching/commands sections of Scripture,” so that supposedly it could be dismissed as having no import for later Christianity. My ten points completely overcome this objection, in my opinion. Sometimes this can be a helpful distinction, but you have to recognize, too, that nothing in Scripture explicitly commands this hermeneutical approach.

Obviously, I believe God did the miracles just as the sacred text says He did, through the axe head, bones of Elijah, the handkerchiefs and aprons of Paul, and the shadow of Peter (Acts 5:13-16); and you left out another example — the hem of Jesus’ cloak. (Luke 8:43-48.)

I left it out because I suspected that it might be dismissed as a special case (i.e., because Jesus was involved, making it unique). But it is also relevant. All of this shows that relics are an explicitly biblical concept. Funny, then, that it has been so missed by Protestantism.

2) The text does condemn an abuse that is described right after the mention of healing hankies and aprons.

For the believers/Paul/apostles (Acts 5:12), you are right, there is no condemnation of this act in the historical narrative in Acts 19:11-13; but for the unbelievers (the Jewish exorcists, as you rightly pointed out; they were not able to perform a miracle just by saying the phonetic sounds of “Jesus”, etc. (Acts 19:13-16).

We agree.

3) If our example was also an abuse, then it would have been condemned alongside the other, but it was not.

All through history, people try to repeat miracles by the aid of physical things considered holy things or relics.

Since such a practice is explicitly sanctioned in Holy Scripture (the biblical evidence I’ve provided in this very exchange) and never condemned, we would expect to see people following the example of holy prophets and apostles and Jesus. We also would expect to see abuses of same, because all good things are abused and distorted and mimicked by the devil. But let’s not throw the baby out with the bathwater (one of the most common fallacies that folks commit).

Most of the time nothing happens, and at most the pilgrim gets “a warm feeling in his/her heart”.

Then that was either quackery or God’s will not to heal, even if it wasn’t tomfoolery.

Sometimes, something extra-ordinary happens, at least it is claimed that by historical writings of miracles. But since those are not God-breathed Scripture, there is no way to have absolute proof that a real miracle took place.

By eyewitness testimony (precisely as with the biblical miracles) and medical confirmation. It’s not absolute (very few things are) but this is very strong corroboration.

Though I have noticed that the RCC does a much better job of investigating and testing for confirmation of a real miracle than the modern Charismatics and Pentecostals. (some things; they seem to let Marian zealots do whatever they want in all sorts of contexts.)

Neither here nor there; we are straying from the subject proper . . .

They (Charismatics) usually think any kind of testing or asking questions is automatically a lack of faith. No, in this the RCC is closer to the Biblical injunction, “test all things” and “test the spirits”. ( I Thess. 5:21; I John 4:1ff).

A distorted understanding of certain charismatics thinks in this fashion, yes. Not all, by any means.

In none of these responses to my #3 have you overcome my counter-reply that the example has relevance for us today because it was not condemned, whereas this other abuse was, in Scripture. You’ve simply talked about abuses in charismatic and supernatural elements.

4) Therefore it is a biblically sanctioned practice.

Now, you made a big jump; by taking a historical narrative passage, and turning it into a command to try to repeat and practice. The nature of history and narrative and miracles are that the purpose of the text is to tell us what happened; and that God is in control and does miracles when He wants to; not when we want Him to do them.

Exactly. I completely agree with your last clause. But you have proven neither that 1) we are not to repeat these edifying apostolic examples, or 2) that miracles have ceased altogether, and that God, after 100 A.D. stopped working miracles, changed His mind, and became a good cessationist Baptist (if not a deist god, who no longer interferes in human affairs).

5) Besides, Paul commands us to imitate him.

Yes, but now you have jumped from Acts 19 (or Acts 5) to I Cor. 4:16 (disciple others in the faith, and don’t be arrogant);

This was not merely a specific application, but a general one, as we clearly see in context (RSV):

1 Corinthians 4:14-17 I do not write this to make you ashamed, but to admonish you as my beloved children. For though you have countless guides in Christ, you do not have many fathers. For I became your father in Christ Jesus through the gospel. I urge you, then, be imitators of me. Therefore I sent to you Timothy, my beloved and faithful child in the Lord, to remind you of my ways in Christ, as I teach them everywhere in every church.

I Corinthians 11:1 (follow what I do and the principles I follow in I Corinthians 10 and glorify God in whatever you do, whether eating or drinking; don’t be a stumbling block to other cultures, Jews or Christians, etc.);

This is general, too:

1 Corinthians 11:1-2 Be imitators of me, as I am of Christ. I commend you because you remember me in everything and maintain the traditions even as I have delivered them to you.

One could envision the following hypothetical conversation taking place between a follower of Paul (we’ll call him “Joe”) and the great Apostle, walking down the streets of Corinth one sunny afternoon, sharing the gift of gab:

Joe: Master Paul: is it true that your handkerchiefs and aprons were instruments for healing and casting out demons?

St. Paul: Yes.

Joe: And you agreed with this practice?

St. Paul: Yes, of course. Why wouldn’t I? If I had disagreed it wouldn’t have been recorded as it was in Holy Scripture, without any condemnation, as a good thing.

Joe: [a bit intimidated by Paul’s slight vehemence and piercing look] Just asking. So we Christians ought to imitate this?

St. Paul: Yes. There would be nothing wrong with that, though God can heal in any way He so chooses, because I have stated more than once and in different ways that what you see me doing and teaching, you ought to imitate, as it all comes from the Lord, Who called me to be an apostle of His grace. Did not our Lord say that His disciples could and should cast out demons and heal people in His name?

Joe: Yes.

St. Paul: And did not a woman get healed simply by touching His robe?

Joe: Yes.

St. Paul: Therefore, since you saw that my handkerchiefs functioned in the same manner, and since Christ Jesus our Lord enjoined us to go out and heal, and even in His own case someone was healed by merely touching His clothes, then this is perfectly proper.

Joe: Could we then conclude that this is part of the apostolic tradition that you have received and passed down to us?

St. Paul: Absolutely. Tradition is not mere words, or dead, but a living, active thing, including acts. We are to love each other as our Lord loved us, and this includes healing in His name and in His power. The power comes from Him alone, not in some self-generated “magic” of hankies and robes.

Joe: So we are to apply this example of yours, even though you didn’t expressly teach: “go out and use physical objects to heal people”?

St. Paul: [somewhat frustrated] Why would such a separate command be necessary? The example is recorded in Holy Scripture, by our brother Luke, in the Acts of the early Church. Why should anyone need to see a command, since it is already understood that Christians are to imitate me, as an apostle of God, just as I (by His grace alone) imitate Christ?

Joe: Okay, master. One of my Christian brethren was questioning this, so I just wanted to make sure.

St. Paul: [with a slight, bemused smile, and eyes briefly glancing skyward in exasperation] Ask him for me, “Paul says: ‘what more proof do you need?'”

This conversation could have occurred in actuality. If so, nothing whatsoever in it is contrary to what we know from Scripture. And it shows (by vivid illustration) why your requirement is unnecessary and unbiblical; “un-Pauline” as well.

Philippians 3:16-17; 4:9; (spiritual and ethical and moral principles all through chapters 3-4;

More general statements:

Philippians 3:17 Brethren, join in imitating me, and mark those who so live as you have an example in us.

Note how in the following command, Paul not only tells his followers to abide by his written instructions, but also by what they have “heard” and “seen” in himself:

Philippians 4:8-9 Finally, brethren, whatever is true, whatever is honorable, whatever is just, whatever is pure, whatever is lovely, whatever is gracious, if there is any excellence, if there is anything worthy of praise, think about these things. What you have learned and received and heard and seen in me, do; and the God of peace will be with you.

nothing about handkerchiefs or aprons or visiting graves)

Why does there have to be? This is absurd. It’s an extreme solo Scriptura mentality . Paul makes general statements about imitating him. He does something that happens not to be mentioned when he says to imitate him. Therefore, the Christian can imitate the particular by virtue of the general injunction to imitate (that includes any number of unnamed particulars: that is, the stuff that Paul does!) So if a Christian heard by reliable testimony that Paul’s handkerchiefs healed people, or witnessed it himself, then he would be perfectly justified in 1) practicing it himself, as the Lord wills, and 2) believing in the notion of relics (in this case, secondary ones).

and each of those contexts are talking about ethical and moral commands and attitudes to follow Paul in holiness and godliness and humility, etc. not prayer cloths and shadows, axe heads (Elisha) or visiting graves. (Elijah).

This doesn’t follow at all. They are all general statements. The last passage is crystal-clear: “What you have learned and received and heard and seen in me, do.” Couldn’t be any more clear . . . Paul’s hankies healed folks. We can imitate him. We can and should believe in relics. It’s a biblical principle.

The Word of faith movement does the same thing, and applies it to different things. They will quote Ephesians 5:1 “be imitators of God”, and then they quote Romans 4:17, “God . . . who calls into being that which does not exist.” And then they will say we are to imitate and create money, prosperity, healing, success by the ex nihilo command like God, “be, and it is” (Genesis 1). This is stringing texts together and ignoring the context.

Those are abuses of Scripture, which contains many refuting counter-evidences, as I was noting 26 years ago. In the example under consideration, none of those abuses are present. We imitate what Paul did, because he told us to do that.

The Charismatics and Pentecostal faith healers also take those historical narrative passages and make them into some kind of universal principle for everyone for all time and send prayer cloths to people (if they give a certain amount of money). All of this is bad hermeneutics.

Ditto. Just because some people abuse the Bible and Christian teaching doesn’t mean that we can’t or shouldn’t imitate the Apostle Paul, as he said. You don’t like the charismatics at all because you are (very likely, I suspect) burdened with an unbiblical, extrabiblical belief that healing no longer occurs at all. This forces you to argue against all continuing miracles, in desperate fashion. The Bible never teaches that all miracles will cease. Those who argue in such a way utilize some of the worst, most eisegetical “biblical” arguments that I have ever witnessed in my 31 years of active, committed Christianity.

6) It’s an inference, but a very plausible one, that Paul agreed with folks taking his handkerchiefs and aprons for the sake of healing and casting our demons.

No problem, but it was a one time action in that context; historical narrative.

The text doesn’t say that. Nothing indicates that it is confined to time and place. Nothing indicates that we should imitate Paul, except for this thing, or something else. The same applies when Jesus sent out His disciples to heal. Granted, there were proportionately more miracles in apostolic times, but nowhere are we told that all miracles would cease.

7) Therefore, to do this today would be imitating the apostolic practice of Paul, as he himself urged.

Again, it is dangerous to take the historical narrative of what happened in one context and genre of literature; then jump to another genre (Epistles, teaching) and say “imitate that practice”.

Simply repetition of what has already amply been exposed as a fallacious, lousy, desperate argument . . .

8.) Jesus said we would cast out demons and heal in His name anyway, and this text gives us a concrete example of same.

Yes, Mark 16, and the fulfillment of that is all through the book of Acts. The Appalachian mountain Pentecostals have snake handling because of this too; does that make it legitimate to copy it and make it a universal principle? I think not.

This is a classic fallacious argument:

1) The Bible gives an example of sanctioned act X, done (via his approval) by the Apostle Paul.

2) Some folks nowadays distort this and practice pseudo-biblical act X2.

3) We shall [illogically] equate X2 with X for the sake of “argument”.

4) Therefore, no one should practice X, because of the pseudo-biblical equivalent X2.

The false premise obviously occurs in #3, leading to a false conclusion. My argument. on the other hand, is not illogical, and is much more biblical:

1) The Bible gives an example of sanctioned act X, done (via his approval) by the Apostle Paul.

2) Paul says several times to imitate him, in broad terms.

3) Act X is included in the sweeping class of acts done by Paul, that he told us to imitate.

4) Therefore, we do act X, by virtue of Paul’s apostolic authority, and it is perfectly biblical and Christian to do so.

5) Ergo, we accept the principle of relics that act X elucidates and exemplifies.

* * *

9) Ergo: the objection collapses because it is superseded by the immediate sanction of the practice in the text and Paul’s instruction for us to imitate him.

Again, you have made an illegitimate jump from historical narrative to the commands to imitate me in the epistles, ignoring the immediate context of the epistles on exactly what they are to imitate Paul in.

These are irrelevant, as shown, since the statements are general and thus not confined to the specificities seen in their context.

10) Ergo: secondary relics are expressly sanctioned by Holy Scripture.

No, invalid conclusion.

No, valid conclusion, and very strong argument based on straightforward application of clear biblical teaching.

So, I saw your explanation earlier, but just did not go through all the typing, because my summary statement about your bad hermeneutics was enough of an explanation.

Hardly. Your “argument” goes from bad to worse. I urge you to stop. You’re doing your cause little good in arguing so fallaciously and extrabiblically.

Using an historical narrative passage to justify a modern practice and then take a command (imitate me) from a different genre and apply it back into a different context is just bad hermeneutics.

The same falsehood, repeated now for about the eighth time. Mere repetition does not overcome fallaciousness. If I say “2+2=5” 200 times, it becomes no less false than it ever was.

God can choose to do miracles when He wants to; and those miracles happened as Scripture says.

Thank you; therefore, God can use a relic, since He did so in Scripture, and the principles there and God Himself do not change.

But we cannot manipulate God or get automatic spiritual grace (like a substance) by visiting graves or kissing relics or statues.

You have not established this. Your argument has completely failed, as shown. You’re also still assuming that relics automatically “manipulate” God. This does not necessarily follow at all (obviously, anything can be abused, including relics). Paul wasn’t manipulating God when he offered his handkerchiefs for healing purposes. Elisha’s bones were not “manipulating” God when a man was raised from the dead upon contact with them (it wasn’t even possible: it was inanimate objects and a dead man, so who was “manipulating”?).

Lastly, you neglect to see that in Scripture, grace is often indeed treated as a quantifiable substance (and you should know this, as a pastor and exegete): one can have more or less of it:

2 Peter 3:18 But grow in the grace and knowledge of our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ. To him be the glory both now and to the day of eternity. Amen.

Ephesians 4:7 But grace was given to each of us according to the measure of Christ’s gift.

1 Peter 4:8b-10 . . . love covers a multitude of sins. Practice hospitality ungrudgingly to one another. As each has received a gift, employ it for one another, as good stewards of God’s varied grace.

Acts 4:33 And with great power the apostles gave their testimony to the resurrection of the Lord Jesus, and great grace was upon them all.

Romans 5:20 Law came in, to increase the trespass; but where sin increased, grace abounded all the more, (cf. 6:1)

James 4:6 But he gives more grace; therefore it says, “God opposes the proud, but gives grace to the humble.”

1 Peter 5:5 . . . Clothe yourselves, all of you, with humility toward one another, for “God opposes the proud, but gives grace to the humble.”

2 Peter 1:2 May grace and peace be multiplied to you in the knowledge of God and of Jesus our Lord.

* * * * *

Elisha’s bones raised a man from the dead (2 Kings 13:20-21).

The context was an attack by Moabite raiders.

So what? The context doesn’t overcome or somehow overrule the principle displayed.

There is no paradigm for a command to actually touch the dead body to Elisha’s bones. It was a quick response to an unexpected attack on their funeral service and burial.

It doesn’t require an express command. This is your fallacy and special pleading, that we’ve already observed above. What it shows and proves beyond doubt is that God can use matter (including the bones of righteous men) to convey grace and/or healing. That is the essence of the Catholic teaching on relics: right from an explicit biblical text.

We don’t need a command to apply the principle to others (we’re never commanded to pray to the Holy Spirit, either, or to Jesus, for that matter — though there are examples of prayer to Jesus –, just as in the present arguments). It is already manifest in the passage (the bones of the righteous dead have the power from God to give grace and sometimes healing). If God, on the other hand, didn’t want His followers to believe in relics (as you think), this is an awfully strange thing to keep in Scripture, without rebuke (just as Paul’s healing handkerchiefs were).

Did Elisha’s bones ontologically (by themselves) raise the man from dead; or did God merely choose to exercise His power and raise that man up;

Obviously God did, through the bones as a vessel or channel of His power. That is the nature of sacramentalism and the Catholic understanding of relics. God gives grace through physical objects. How can bones “by themselves” do anything except be bones? One day you’ll understand this about things like relics and God’s use of the Blessed Virgin Mary as a channel of grace as well.

as a testimony to the raiding band of unbelieving Moabites, who because of their attacks, forced the people burying the man to just quickly throw the body into Elisha’s tomb?

The immediate circumstances do not change the principle.

Benny Hinn uses this verse to explain where he got his “anointing” from — from the grave of Kathryn Kuhlman; — he goes and visits her grave site and claims to get his powers to heal from visiting her grave; since she also is claimed to have the gift of healing.

Whether this is true or not doesn’t change anything in my argument either.

Now, I believe that the man was resurrected in 2 Kings; but seems a stretch to then take that and use it as a paradigm for visiting shrines and graves for healing.

If one set of bones of a righteous man can heal, why not others too? If Paul’s hankie and Elijah’s mantle can heal and work other miracles, why not other relics?

It just does not happen most of the time. (miracles; healings)

But sometimes it does. Thank you for your open-mindedness.

The main point is that God can choose to heal or do a miracle whenever He wants to.

Of course God does that (that is patently obvious), but that’s not our main point. The subject at the moment is whether the Bible supports the notion of relics.

What are the parameters for that belief in RCC ? Do priests take dead bodies to graves in hopes of resurrection? In order to fully take the historical text the way you are suggesting, it seems that all Catholics should now take their dead bodies to others graves ( presumably RCC saints, but Elisha was a prophet, and how many of those are still around, extant in archeology?)

I suggested no such thing. What I’ve argued has already been expressed over and over. You simply don’t want to accept it.

Interesting how you just avoided those other examples. You have to admit, if you are going to make some historical narrative (bones, handkerchiefs, aprons, shadows) normative for then imitating the practice; then you have to start using these other ones also (breathing on people and spitting on people’s eyes, tongues, and ears) for healing. What is your basis for using some and not using others?

I don’t have to resolve every nitpicking particular issue for my general principle to be true. These are just your methods for avoiding the obvious biblical teaching that relics are permissible anyway. Obscurantism and obfuscation and rabbit trails do not remove your responsibility to face up to that.

ME: . . . flows from the Incarnation, which raised all matter up to a new level

Where is that in Scripture?

See:

1 Corinthians 3:16-17 Do you not know that you are God’s temple and that God’s Spirit dwells in you? If any one destroys God’s temple, God will destroy him. For God’s temple is holy, and that temple you are.

1 Corinthians 6:15, 19
Do you not know that your bodies are members of Christ? . . . Do you not know that your body is a temple of the Holy Spirit within you, which you have from God? You are not your own;

1 Corinthians 12:27 Now you are the body of Christ and individually members of it.

2 Corinthians 4:10-11
always carrying in the body the death of Jesus, so that the life of Jesus may also be manifested in our bodies. For while we live we are always being given up to death for Jesus’ sake, so that the life of Jesus may be manifested in our mortal flesh.

Galatians 2:20 I have been crucified with Christ; it is no longer I who live, but Christ who lives in me; and the life I now live in the flesh I live by faith in the Son of God, who loved me and gave himself for me. (cf. Phil 3:10)

Galatians 6:15, 17 For neither circumcision counts for anything, nor uncircumcision, but a new creation. . . . Henceforth let no man trouble me; for I bear on my body the marks of Jesus.

Ephesians 1:22-23 and he has put all things under his feet and has made him the head over all things for the church, which is his body, the fulness of him who fills all in all.

Ephesians 5:29-30 For no man ever hates his own flesh, but nourishes and cherishes it, as Christ does the church, because we are members of his body.

Colossians 1:24 Now I rejoice in my sufferings for your sake, and in my flesh I complete what is lacking in Christ’s afflictions for the sake of his body, that is, the church,

But Elisha’s bones were pre-incarnation — so how do you explain that?

So what? God can do whatever He wants whenever He wants. All Christians receive the Holy Spirit (indwelling) now after Jesus’ death and Resurrection and Ascension. But God could selectively fill men with the Holy Spirit in Old Testament times (Ex 31:3; 35:31; Micah 3:8). Likewise, He can do this miracle. No problem . . .

*****

Meta Description: Exchange between a Catholic and a Baptist on the theology of relics, and whether it is consistent with NT teaching.

Meta Keywords: Relics, sacramental principle, physical means of grace

2017-02-27T14:09:34-04:00

. . .Including Replies to Reformed Baptist Anti-Catholic Polemicist James White

TempleHerod

Reconstruction of Herod’s Temple (at the time of Jesus), with Robinson’s Arch in the foreground [Wikimedia CommonsCreative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 2.5 Generic license]

***

(9-2-04)
*****

This is a continuation of my series of responses to anti-Catholic luminary James White’s response to a talk I gave on Sola Scriptura on the radio show, Catholic Answers Live. [I offer a free download of this interview from 10-10-03]

I have decided to provide a lengthy response to White’s “rebuttal” of just one of the ten points I presented in that appearance. Remember (as I noted before), my talk was a mere summary. I estimated that I had about three minutes to elaborate upon each point, due to radio time constraints. So this was no in-depth analysis (which the extremely multi-faceted and complex topic of sola Scriptura ultimately demands). It doesn’t follow, however, that I am unable to provide a much more in-depth treatment of the topic.

White, after dodging my critiques of his work for nine years now, seized upon this great “opportunity” of my introductory talk on the radio to pretend, on his Dividing Line webcast, that I have “no clue” what I am talking about and “not a bit of substance” (his stock “responses” and insults where I am concerned). In his eyes, I am a complete ignoramus, a pretender, and utterly over my head in this discussion. White was trying to turn this into a half-baked “oral debate” and (as always, as with all his Catholic opponents) to embarrass me as a simpleton and lightweight apologist. We know he thinks this, because he made a statement like the following on his second show:

The problem, of course, is that this is, quite seriously, one of the things I’ve said about Mr. Armstrong and about many Catholic apologists, from the very beginning. They don’t do exegesis, and they don’t know how to. Um, of course, I could argue that they’re not allowed to.

Be that as it may, for my part, I replied that I have dealt with most or all these points (agree or disagree) in lengthy papers elsewhere, which he is most welcome to attempt to refute as he pleases. This one point is no exception. Here is the material upon which I based my radio presentation (I added just a little on the air, but rather than do more tedious transcription, I will cite the original “notes”: indented):

* * * * * 

In the Jerusalem Council (Acts 15:6-30), we see Peter and James speaking with authority. This Council makes an authoritative pronouncement (citing the Holy Spirit) which was binding on all Christians:

Acts 15:28-29: For it has seemed good to the Holy Spirit and to us to lay upon you no greater burden than these necessary things: that you abstain from what has been sacrificed to idols and from blood and from what is strangled and from unchastity.

In the next chapter, we read that Paul, Timothy, and Silas were traveling around “through the cities,” and Scripture says that:

. . . they delivered to them for observance the decisions which had been reached by the apostles and elders who were at Jerusalem. (Acts 16:4)

This is Church authority. They simply proclaimed the decree as true and binding — with the sanction of the Holy Spirit Himself! Thus we see in the Bible an instance of the gift of infallibility that the Catholic Church claims for itself when it assembles in a council.

That’s it! Obviously, this is a bare-bones summary of one argument, that can be greatly expanded, with many aspects and facets of it examined. Also, it is important to note that I was writing a refutation of sola Scriptura, not an apologia for the full authority of the Catholic Church, and papal infallibility, etc. The two things are logically and categorically distinct. One could easily reject sola Scriptura without accepting the authority of Rome and the pope. Many Christians, in fact, do this: e.g., Anglicans and Orthodox. The subject at hand is “whether sola Scriptura is the true rule of faith, and what the Bible can inform us about that.” I made a biblical argument that does not support sola Scriptura at all (quite the contrary). But White, using his usual illogical, wrongheaded, and sophistical techniques, which he has honed to perfection, tried to cleverly switch the topic over to Catholic ecclesiology. 

Beyond that, he also foolishly (but typically) implied that my intent in this argument was some silly notion that I thought I had demonstrated all that (Catholic ecclesiology, the papacy and magisterium, etc.) by recourse to this reasoning. This is part of his opinion that I am so stupid that I am unaware of such elementary logical considerations. Vastly underestimating one’s opponent makes for lousy debates and embarrassing “come-uppances” when the opponent proceeds to demonstrate that he is not nearly as much of a dunce and clueless imbecile as was made out. The Democrats have used this tactic for years in politics. It is disconcerting to see anti-Catholic Baptists follow their illegitimate model in theological discourse.

He is way ahead of the game, of course, and this is a straw man, since I believe no such thing at all. Sola Scriptura means something. It has a well-established definition among Protestant scholars. In the next excerpt, we will see it defined by the well-known, influential Reformed Presbyterian R.C. Sproul. The question at hand is whether sola Scriptura is indicated in the Bible. I gave ten reasons in my talk which suggest that it is not. This particular case, in fact, offers not only non-support, but also direct counter-evidence.

This argument concerning the Jerusalem Council was used in expanded form in my book, The Catholic Verses: 95 Bible Passages That Confound Protestants. Here is that portion of the book, in its entirety (indented):

THE BINDING AUTHORITY OF COUNCILS, LED BY THE HOLY SPIRIT

Acts 15:28-29: “For it has seemed good to the Holy Spirit and to us to lay upon you no greater burden than these necessary things: that you abstain from what has been sacrificed to idols and from blood and from what is strangled and from unchastity. If you keep yourselves from these, you will do well. Farewell.”

Acts 16:4: “As they went on their way through the cities, they delivered to them for observance the decisions which had been reached by the apostles and elders who were at Jerusalem.”

These passages offer a proof that the early Church held to a notion of the infallibility of Church councils, and to a belief that they were especially guided by the Holy Spirit (precisely as in Catholic Church doctrine concerning ecumenical councils). Accordingly, Paul takes the message of the conciliar decree with him on his evangelistic journeys and preaches it to the people. The Church had real authority; it was binding and infallible.

This is a far cry from the Protestant principle of sola Scriptura — which presumes that councils and popes can err, and thus need to be corrected by Scripture. Popular writer and radio expositor R.C. Sproul expresses the standard evangelical Protestant viewpoint on Christian authority:

For the Reformers no church council, synod, classical theologian, or early church father is regarded as infallible. All are open to correction and critique . . .

(in Boice, 109)

Arguably, this point of view derives from Martin Luther’s stance at the Diet of Worms in 1521 (which might be construed as the formal beginning of the formal principle of authority in Protestantism: sola Scriptura). Luther passionately proclaimed:

Unless I am convicted by Scripture and plain reason – I do not accept the authority of popes and councils, for they have contradicted each other – my conscience is captive to the Word of God. I cannot and I will not recant anything, for to go against conscience is neither right nor safe. God help me, Amen. Here I stand, I cannot do otherwise.

(in Bainton, 144)

One Protestant reply to these biblical passages might be to say that since this Council of Jerusalem referred to in Acts consisted of apostles, and since an apostle proclaimed the decree, both possessed a binding authority which was later lost (as Protestants accept apostolic authority as much as Catholics do). Furthermore, the incidents were recorded in inspired, infallible Scripture. They could argue that none of this is true of later Catholic councils; therefore, the attempted analogy is null and void.

But this is a bit simplistic, since Scripture is our model for everything, including Church government, and all parties appeal to it for their own views. If Scripture teaches that a council of the Church is authoritative and binding, then it is implausible and unreasonable to assert that no future council can be so simply because it is not conducted by apostles.

Scripture is our model for doctrine and practice (nearly all Christians agree on this). The Bible doesn’t exist in an historical vacuum, but has import for the day-to-day life of the Church and Christians for all time. St. Paul told us to imitate him (see, e.g., 2 Thess. 3:9). And he went around proclaiming decrees of the Church. No one was at liberty to disobey these decrees on the grounds of “conscience,” or to declare by “private judgment” that they were in error (per Luther).

It would be foolish to argue that how the apostles conducted the governance of the Church has no relation whatsoever to how later Christians engage in the same task. It would seem rather obvious that Holy Scripture assumes that the model of holy people (patriarchs, prophets, and apostles alike) is to be followed by Christians. This is the point behind entire chapters, such as (notably) Hebrews 11.

When the biblical model agrees with their theology, Protestants are all too enthusiastic to press their case by using Scriptural examples. The binding authority of the Church was present here, and there is no indication whatever that anyone was ever allowed to dissent from it. That is the fundamental question. Catholics wholeheartedly agree that no new Christian doctrines were handed down after the apostles. Christian doctrine was present in full from the beginning; it has only organically developed since.

John Calvin has a field day running down the Catholic Church in his commentary for Acts 15:28. It is clear that he is uncomfortable with this verse and must somehow explain it in Protestant terms. But he is not at all unanswerable. The fact remains that the decree was made, and it was binding. It will not do (in an attempt to undercut ecclesial authority) to proclaim that this particular instance was isolated. For such a judgment rests on Calvin’s own completely arbitrary authority (which he claims but cannot prove). Calvin merely states his position (rather than argue it) in the following passage:

. . . in vain do they go about out of the same to prove that the Church had power given to decree anything contrary to the word of God. The Pope hath made such laws as seemed best to him, contrary to the word of God, whereby he meant to govern the Church;
This strikes me as somewhat desperate argumentation. First of all, Catholics never have argued that the pope has any power to make decrees contrary to the Bible (making Calvin’s slanderous charge a straw man). Calvin goes on to use vivid language, intended to resonate with already strong emotions and ignorance of Catholic theology. It’s an old lawyer’s tactic: when one has no case, attempt to caricature the opponent, obfuscate, and appeal to emotions rather than reason.

Far more sensible and objective are the comments on Acts 15:28 and 16:4 from the Presbyterian scholar, Albert Barnes, in his famous Barnes’ Notes commentary:

For it seemed good to the Holy Ghost. This is a strong and undoubted claim to inspiration. It was with special reference to the organization of the church that the Holy Spirit had been promised to them by the Lord Jesus, Matthew 18:18-20; John 14:26.

In this instance it was the decision of the council in a case submitted to it; and implied an obligation on the Christians to submit to that decision.

Barnes actually acknowledges that the passage has some implication for ecclesiology in general. It is remarkable, on the other hand, that Calvin seems concerned about the possibility of a group of Christians (in this case, a council) being led by the Holy Spirit to achieve a true doctrinal decree, whereas he has no problem with the idea that individuals can achieve such certainty:

. . . of the promises which they are wont to allege, many were given not less to private believers than to the whole Church [cites Mt 28:20, Jn 14:16-17] . . . we are not to give permission to the adversaries of Christ to defend a bad cause, by wresting Scripture from its proper meaning.

(Institutes, IV, 8, 11)

But it will be objected, that whatever is attributed in part to any of the saints, belongs in complete fulness to the Church. Although there is some semblance of truth in this, I deny that it is true.

(Institutes, IV, 8, 12)

Calvin believes that Scripture is self-authenticating. I appeal, then, to the reader to judge the above passages. Do they seem to support the notion of an infallible Church council (apart from the question of whether the Catholic Church, headed by the pope, is that Church)? Do Calvin’s arguments succeed? For Catholics, the import of Acts 15:28 is clear and undeniable.

Sources

Bainton, Roland H., Here I Stand, New York: Mentor Books, 1950.

Barnes, Albert [Presbyterian], Barnes’ Notes on the New Testament, 1872; reprinted by Baker Book House (Grand Rapids, Michigan), 1983. Available online.

Boice, James Montgomery, editor, The Foundation of Biblical Authority, Grand Rapids, Michigan: Zondervan, 1978, chapter four by R.C. Sproul: “Sola Scriptura: Crucial to Evangelicalism.”

Calvin, John, Calvin’s Commentaries, 22 volumes, translated and edited by John Owen; originally printed for the Calvin Translation Society, Edinburgh, Scotland, 1853; reprinted by Baker Book House, Grand Rapids, Michigan: 1979. Available online.

Calvin, John, Institutes of the Christian Religion, translated by Henry Beveridge for the Calvin Translation Society, 1845 from the 1559 edition in Latin; reprinted by Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co. (Grand Rapids, Michigan), 1995. Available online.

Now let’s examine White’s reply to my argument on his Dividing Line webcast, and see if it can stand up under scrutiny. Let’s see how cogent and biblical it is, and how well the good, exceedingly-wise Bishop White can survive (what he calls a) “cross-examination” (he, of course, claims that I would utterly wilt under his sublime, brilliant questioning, which is supposedly why I refuse to debate him orally). I have given my argument in summary, in depth; I’ve responded to some historic Protestant objections to it; the argument is in print in a published book from a reputable Catholic publisher: Sophia Institute Press) and now I will counter-reply to White’s own sophistical commentary. Whether he wants to respond back, or flee for the hills as he almost always has before, for nine years, when I critique him, remains to be seen. Let his followers closely note his actions now, if they think he is so invulnerable and unable to be “vanquished.”

[White’s words below will be in blue. I am directly citing his words from the Dividing Line webcast of 8-31-04]:

[start from the time: 23:00. This portion ends at 25:00]

Hello, Mr. Armstrong! Acts 15, apostles are there; the Holy Spirit is speaking; the New Testament’s being written; hellooo! This is a period of inscripturation, and revelation! The only way to make that relevant is to say, “you still have apostles and still receive revelation,” but you all believe the canon’s closed, so that doesn’t work. This isn’t some extrabiblical tradition! This is the tradition of the Bible itself! It’s revelation! Uh, again, see why, as long as you don’t allow anyone to cross-examine you; remember Proverbs 18. The first one to present his case always seems right, until his opponent comes along and questions him. That’s what live debate allows to take place. [mocking, derisive, condescending tone throughout]

This is White’s entire answer. On the next Dividing Line of 9-2-04, which I just listened to live, he also added a few brief comments about the same argument:

. . . [the Jerusalem Council is binding] “as a part of Scripture.”

“The Church does have authority; not infallible authority.”

Now let’s see how this stands up, when analyzed closely. I shall respond to each statement in turn:

Hello, Mr. Armstrong!

Hello, Your Eminence, the Right Reverend Bishop Dr. James R. White, Th.D.!

apostles are there

So what? How does that change anything? Are not apostles models for us? Of course, they are. St. Paul tells us repeatedly to imitate him (1 Cor 4:16, Phil 3:17, 2 Thess 3:7-9). White would have us believe that since this is the apostolic period and so forth, it is completely unique, and any application of the known events of that time to our own is “irrelevant.” He acts as if the record of the Book of Acts has no historical, pedagogical import other than as a specimen of early Christian history, as if it is a piece of mere archaeology, rather than the living Word of God, which is (to use one of Protestants’ favorite verses) “profitable for teaching . . . and for training in righteousness” (2 Tim 3:16-17). So now the historical passages of the New Testament are “irrelevant”? Only the straight-out doctrinal teaching can be used to ascertain correct doctrine? If so, then where is that taught in Scripture itself, etc.? Passages like Hebrews 11, which recount the deeds of great saints and biblical heroes, imply that they are a model for us.

White’s viewpoint as to the implications of the Jerusalem Council is theologically and spiritually naive or simplistic because it would force us to accept recorded, inspired apostolic teaching about the Church and ecclesiology (whatever it is), yet overlook and ignore the very application of that doctrine to real life, that the apostles lived out in that real life. We would have to believe that this council in Jerusalem had nothing whatsoever to do with later governance of the Church, even though apostles were involved in it. That, in effect, would be to believe that we are smarter and more knowledgeable about Christian theology than the apostles were. They set out and governed the Church, yet they were dead-wrong, or else what they did has no bearing whatsoever on later Christian ecclesiology. Since this is clearly absurd, White’s view that goes along with it, collapses.

Moreover, this is a foolish approach because it would require us to believe that Paul and other apostles were in error with regard to how Christian or Church authority works. The preached a certain thing in this instance. If they believed in sola Scriptura (as models for us), then they would have taught what they knew to be Scripture (in those days, the Old Testament), and that alone, as binding and authoritative (for this is what sola Scriptura holds). If they didn’t understand authority in the way that God desired, how could they be our models? And if the very apostles who wrote Scripture didn’t understand it, and applied it incorrectly in such an important matter, how can we be expected to, from that same Scripture? A stream can’t rise above its source.

Lastly, White implicitly assumes here, as he often does, that everything the apostles taught was later doctrinally recorded in Scripture. This is his hidden premise (or it follows from his reasoning, whether he is aware of it or not). But this is a completely arbitrary assumption. Protestants have to believe something akin to this notion, because of their aversion to authoritative, binding tradition, but the notion itself is unbiblical. They agree that what apostles taught was binding, but they fail to see that some of that teaching would be “extrabiblical” (i.e., not recorded in Scripture). The Bible itself, however, teaches us that there are such teachings and deeds not recorded in it (Jn 20:30, 21:25, Acts 1:2-3, Lk 24:15-16,25-27). The logic is simple (at least when laid out for all to see):

1. Apostles’ teaching was authoritative and binding.
2. Some of that teaching was recorded in Scripture, but some was not.
3. The folks who heard their teaching were bound to it whether it was later “inscripturated” or not.
4. Therefore, early Christians were bound to “unbiblical” teachings or those not known to be “biblical” (as the Bible would not yet be canonized until more than three centuries later).
5. If they were so bound, it stands to reason that we could and should be, also.
6. Scripture itself does not rule out the presence of an authoritative oral tradition, not recorded in words. Paul refers more than once to a non-written tradition (e.g., 2 Tim 1:13-14, 2:2).
7. Scripture informs us that much more was taught by Jesus and apostles than what is recorded in it.
8. Scripture nowhere teaches that it is the sole rule of faith or that what is recorded in it about early Church history has no relevance to later Christians because this was the apostolic or “inscripturation” period. Those are all arbitrary, unbiblical traditions of men.

One could go on and on about the falsehood of White’s opinion here. His view is simply wrongheaded and not required by the Bible at all. It is an unsubstantiated, unbiblical tradition within Protestantism, that has to exist in order to bolster up the ragged edges of another thoroughly unbiblical tradition: sola Scriptura. As the latter cannot be proven at all from Scripture, it, and all the “supports” for it such as this one, are all logically circular.

. . . the Holy Spirit is speaking . . .

Exactly! This is my point, and what makes the argument such a strong one. Here we have in Scripture itself a clear example of a Church council which was guided by the Holy Spirit. That is our example. It happened. White can go on and on about how these were apostles, but the apostles had successors. We know from Scripture itself that bishops were considered the successors of the apostles.

There was to be a certain ecclesiology. The New Testament speaks of this in relatively undeveloped ways (just as it speaks of fine points of Christology and trinitarianism in an undeveloped sense, which was developed by the Church for hundreds of years afterwards).

If the Holy Spirit could speak to a council then, He can now. Why should it change? This doesn’t require belief in ongoing revelation. That is another issue. The disciples were clearly told by our Lord Jesus (at the Last Supper) that the Holy Spirit would “teach you all things” (Jn 14:26) and “guide you into all truth” (Jn 16:13). This can be understood either as referring to individuals alone, in a corporate sense, or both. If it is corporate, then it could apply to a church council. And in fact, we see exactly that in the Jerusalem Council, after Jesus’ Resurrection and Ascension.

Of course, if white wants to assert that the Holy Spirit can’t speak any more, after the apostolic age and the age of revelation, that is up to him, but that is equally unbiblical and unnecessary. He can give us non biblical proof that this is the case, anymore than some Protestants (perhaps white himself) are “cessationists,” who believe that miracles and the spiritual; gifts ceased with the apostles also.

. . . the New Testament’s being written . . . This is a period of inscripturation and revelation!

So what? What does that have to do with how these early Christians regarded authority and how they believed that councils were binding? Where in the Bible does it say that this period is absolutely unique because the Bible was being written during it? The inspired Bible either has examples of historical events in it which are models for us, or it doesn’t. If it does, White’s case collapses again. If it doesn’t, I need to hear why someone would think that, based on the Bible itself, which doesn’t even list its own books, let alone teach us that we can’t determine how the Church was to be governed by observing how the first Christians did it .

The only way to make that relevant is to say, “you still have apostles and still receive revelation” . . .

On what basis is this said? I don’t see this in the Bible anywhere. Why do we have to still have apostles around in order to follow their example, as we are commanded to do? What does the ending of revelation have to do with that, either? Therefore, it is (strictly-speaking) an “extrabiblical tradition.” If so, then it is inadmissible (in the sense of being binding) according to the doctrine of sola Scriptura. If that is the case, then I am under no obligation to accept it; it is merely white’s arbitrary opinion. Nor is White himself. He contradicts himself, and this is a self-defeating scenario, involving the following self-contradiction:

In upholding the principle which holds only biblical teachings as infallible and binding, I must appeal to an extrabiblical teaching.

This is utterly incoherent, inconsistent reasoning, and must, therefore, be rejected.

You all believe the canon’s closed, so that doesn’t work.

The question of the canon is irrelevant to this matter as well. Protestants and Catholics agree as to the New Testament books. So what is found in the New Testament is inspired, inerrant, and infallible. That’s why I cite it to make my arguments about ecclesiology and the rule of faith, just like I defend any other teaching I believe as a Catholic.

This isn’t some extrabiblical tradition! It’s the tradition of the Bible itself! It’s revelation!

Bingo! Why does he think I used it in the first place?! Exactly!!! Dr. White thus nails the lid on the coffin of his own “case” shut and covers it with a foot of concrete. This “tradition of the Bible” in Acts 15 and 16 teaches something about the binding authority of church councils, and it is not what sola Scriptura holds (which is the very opposite, of course). Case closed. White can grapple with this portion of what all agree is inspired revelation all he wants, and offer pat answers and insufficiently grounded, circular reasoning all he likes; that doesn’t change the fact.

Then White stated that the Council is binding “as a part of Scripture.”

This is equally wrongheaded and off the mark. It was binding, period, because it was a council of the Church, guided by the Holy Spirit (a fact expressly stated by inspired Scripture itself). It would have been binding on Christians if there had never been a New Testament (and at that time there was not yet one anyway). Whether this was recorded later in Scripture or not is irrelevant. If Dr. White disagrees, then let him produce a statement in the New Testament which teaches us what he claims: that it was only binding because it later was recorded in Scripture. If he can’t, then why should we believe him? I am the one arguing strictly from Scripture and what it reveals to us; he is not. He has to fall back on his own arbitrary opinions: mere extrabiblical traditions of men.

Of course, the Church later acts in precisely the same way in its ecumenical councils, declaring such things as that those who deny the Holy Trinity are outside Christianity and the Church, or that those who deny grace alone (Pelagians) are, etc. They make authoritative proclamations, and they are binding on all Christians. The Bible and St. Paul taught that true Christian councils were binding, but Martin Luther, James White, and most Protestants deny this. I will follow the Bible and the apostles, if that must be the choice, thank you.

The Church does have authority; not infallible authority.

Sorry to disagree again, but again, that is not what the Bible taught in this instance. Here the Church had infallible authority in council, and was led by the Holy Spirit. This is clearly taught in the Bible. Period. End of discussion. I think White senses the power of this argument, which is why he tried to blithely, cavalierly dismiss it, with scarcely any discussion (an old lawyer’s trick, to try to fool onlookers who don’t know any better). Knowing that, he has to use the “this is the period of inscripturation and the apostles” argument, but that doesn’t fly, and is not rooted in the Bible, as shown. We are shown here what authority the Church has. If White doesn’t like it, let him produce an express statement in the Bible, informing us that the Church is fallible. One tires of these games and this sort of “theological subterfuge,” where the person who claims to be uniquely following the Bible, and it alone, invents nonsense out of whole cloth, when directly confronted with portions of that same Bible that don’t fit into their preconceived theology and arbitrary traditions of men. Our Lord Jesus and the Apostle Paul dealt with this in their time. Sadly, we continue to today.

Addendum: Dividing Line of 9-2-04

This was more of the same silliness, with even less solid reply. It was remarkable (even by White’s low standards) in its sustained juvenile, giggly mocking of Catholics, especially as White sat and listened to the advertising on the Catholic Answers Live show. I found this to be a rather blatant demonstration of the prejudiced mindset and mentality of the anti-Catholic. But as I have known of this tendency in the good bishop for many years, it came as no surprise at all. He started out with the obligatory digs at me:

[derisive laughter throughout]

Dave’s just playin’ along with the game; you know what I mean?
How can you self-destruct two times on your own blog?
. . . I feel sorry for old Dave . . .
We didn’t have a postal debate . . . absolute pure desperation . . .

White even went after Cardinal Newman later on:

[Newmanian development of doctrine is a] convenient means of abandoning the historical field of battle.

He went on to state that this involves a “nebulous” notion of doctrine whereby it can be molded and transmutated into almost anything, no matter how it relates to what went before. Of course, this is a complete distortion of Newman’s teaching (which is an organic, continuous development of something which remains itself all along, like a biological organism), and shows profound ignorance of it by Dr. White, but that is another topic. Those who are familiar with Newman’s thought will see how bankrupt this “analysis” is. But this comes straight from the 19th-century Anglican anti-Catholic controversialist George Salmon (it is almost a direct quote from him). Nothing new under the sun . . .

I hope readers have enjoyed another installment of my writing which has, of course, no substance whatsoever, and where I exhibit yet again my marked characteristic of not having a clue concerning that of which I write. And I’m sure you will enjoy White’s lengthy written reply, too (just don’t hold your breath waiting for that, please!).

*****

Meta Description: Discussion about the relationship of Church authority to inspired Scripture; + exchanges with anti-Catholic polemicist James White. 

Meta Keywords: Anti-Catholicism, apostolic succession, apostolic tradition, Bible Only, Catholic Tradition, Christian Authority, development of doctrine, James White, Rule of Faith, Scripture Alone, Sola Scriptura, Tradition

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