2017-08-30T11:18:24-04:00

AbortionMarch

2017 March for Life; photograph by James McNellis (1-27-17) [Wikimedia Commons /  Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 Generic license]

*****

John Cavanaugh-O’Keefe has been involved in pro-life rescues and related groups, that block the doors of abortion clinics, in order to save lives. Indeed, he is even thought to be the founder of such pro-life sit-ins. I was heavily involved in Operation Rescue, myself, from 1988-1990. I’ve known of his name from that time. So it’s very sad to see such a man sink so low and start savaging fellow pro-lifers. He wrote on his Facebook page on 8-27-17 (public post):

I have been aware that the pro-life movement includes some people who are intent on protecting children, and others who are intent on keeping women attached tightly to their “traditional” role in society.

For me, one of the most significant lessons of the Trump election is that the brutal – that is, anti-woman – side of the pro-life coalition now has the upper hand.

Catholic leftists often echo their secular political comrades on the left side of the spectrum. His derision against conservatives and conservative pro-lifers merely brings back what he felt in the early 70s. As an article about him in Chicago Tribune noted (way back on 8-20-86):

He saw pro-life groups as self-righteous and narrow-minded; and, as a liberal, he was put off by their politics. To him, they were simply a collection of “right-wing, reactionary, judgmental Catholics.”

The article says that Mr. Cavanaugh-O’Keefe changed his mind, but now he has clearly changed back to his prior views, and has adopted the fanatical / hysterical pseudo-leftist rhetoric of the anti-Trumpers.

I was commenting just two days ago about how Satan is dividing pro-lifers, and here is a prime and tragic example of it. If we’re not in his “new” pro-life movement, then we’re obviously anti-woman and a pack of racists. I wrote:

Now the devil has brought about this absurd division, with the “new” pro-lifers often insultingly running down what they call the “old” pro-lifers as hopelessly compromised, not really pro-life (more charges of alleged inconsistency), and supposedly caring only about abortion and no other “life issues.”

One can see how very clever the devil is. Rather than uniting to evangelize the world, and to oppose the world-system, the flesh, and the devil, instead, a great many Catholics spend time devouring each other (above all, online). Jesus predicted this, too. The Church is like a family, and our Lord said, “a man’s foes will be those of his own household” (Matthew 10:36, RSV).

I don’t deny “new” pro-lifers are truly pro-life. I seriously disagree with them about strategy. We could all simply talk and share ideas as pro-lifers, but in my opinion, the problem is a pronounced judgmental streak within the “new” pro-lifers. They feel compelled to often run down the existing pro-life movement (that has made truly extraordinary gains): often questioning commitment and consistency, and they often put descriptions of them in derisive quotation marks; i.e., insinuating that they are not “really” good pro-lifers. We can disagree on emphases and tactics, without questioning sincerity, commitment, credentials and bona fides and parroting pro-abort talking points.

Like a good leftist, Cavanaugh-O’Keefe voted for Hillary Clinton: Planned Parenthood’s “Champion of the Century” and advocate of partial-birth infanticide:

Many pro-lifers voted for Trump in 2016, asserting that they were voting for ABH, anyone but Hillary, and in November, the effective ABH button was labeled “Trump.” To me, it seems obvious that if you vote that way, and prevail, then you have a solemn responsibility to push back hard and visibly against the evils promoted by your candidate. I voted pretty much the same way – ABHUIT, anyone but Hillary unless it’s Trump. That button was labeled Hillary.

It’s certainly an amazing turn of events, that has a fervent pro-lifer voting for Hillary as supposedly the more “pro-life” candidate. But he did just that, writing on 15 October 2016:

I’m a pro-lifer, and I’m voting for Hillary Clinton.

If there were a pro-lifer on the ballot, I’d vote for that person. There’s not. What now?

I’m a devout Catholic, committed to the teaching of the Church – all of it, not cherry-picked items on the left or the right. The nuanced teaching from Pope Benedict matters to me: a faithful Catholic cannot vote to permit the killing of our brothers and sisters. BUT in circumstances where all ballot options look bad, a person can vote in good conscience for the less destructive option. I am convinced that Trump, if he were elected, would damage the nation and the world in a long list of ways, including that he would increase abortion – by giving permission for thugs to abuse women, by insulting people with disabilities, and by refusing to help pregnant refugees. Hillary’s record on abortion is unambiguous, but not as bad as a Trump eruption.

. . . Hillary is going to whip him – not horse-whip him, something more focused and effective. She will expose him as a loser. A list of Republican men tried, and failed; but Hillary will get the job done. I support that, enthusiastically.

My state, Maryland, will go for Hillary; my vote is almost meaningless. But not quite! On Election Day, Hillary will whip Trump. Look at the margin of victory. One tiny but proud sliver of that margin will be me.

God help us. This is our state in August 2017: avid, undeniably committed pro-life Catholics thinking that a vote for Hillary Clinton furthers the cause more than a vote for Donald Trump, and bashing pro-lifers who don’t vote for the Childkiller as racists, insufficiently pro-life, and anti-woman to boot.

Leftist secularists and abortion advocates want to further their cause? No-brainer: they voted for Hillary Clinton. And the “new” pro-lifers like John Cavanaugh-O’Keefe and Simcha Fisher vote precisely the same way, yet believe they are not advancing the radical secularist, anti-life agenda. Wonders never cease.

It’s the textbook definition of “useful idiot.”

I informed Mr. Cavanaugh-O’Keefe that I had responded to his article, and he came to my Facebook page to reply. I reproduce that reply in its entirety below, with my responses. His words will be in blue:

Republican leaders in the House and Senate are critical of Trump’s words after Charlottesville and Arpaio. So are members of his Cabinet. So are the Wall Street Journal and the Economist. So are military leaders. Etc, etc. 

What part of his speech, where he condemned the KKK, white supremacists, and neo-Nazis by name was objected to by all these critics? You tell me.

I would be interested if you would list pro-life leaders who have spoken up.

Why do they necessarily need to, anymore than they have to condemn ISIS every time a mass act of terror takes place? If you don’t require that of them in those instances, why do you in far more rare instances of some racist white supremacist wingnuts and morons gathering together?

Not condemning every single march proves nothing. Not condemning Trump signifies nothing. The politicians are under pressures of being accused of racism if they don’t give Trump a hard time (and follow the cynical, lying media narrative). It’s understood why they do what they do.

But Trump did nothing wrong. He condemned hatred and bigotry in his first statement (made before details of the car-murder were known). Then he condemned the far-right hate groups by name. That should have ended it, but of course not for the Never-Trumpers and liberal media.

The fact that pro-life groups may not have issued official statements on a racist incident is no more noteworthy or alarming than the fact that black civil rights groups rarely comment on abortion. It’s not what they are about. But they also massively support childkilling, whereas pro-life groups do not support racism.

If you think otherwise, then start providing hard evidence, besides guilt-by-association and guilt-because-a-statement-that-liberals-would-love-was-not-made (an argument from silence). If the racism is so widespread and systemic among “old” pro-lifers, certainly such examples would be abundant and beyond argument.

In any event, American Life League put up an article about Charlottesville (“Charlottesville, Chaos, and Confederate Statues,”  by Ryan Scott Bomberger, 8-21-17):

#FakeNews media will completely ignore hundreds of thousands of pro-lifers gathered in the nation’s capital, but will fixate on a handful of racist clowns craving relevance in a small college town in Virginia. The racist “Unite the Right” tiki-torch tantrum could have gone down like a tree in an empty forest, but, instead, the Left made it into a spectator sport. Timber!!! That’s the sound of civility crashing to earth as anarchists, racial activists and social justice whiners clashed, enabled by police acting as bystanders.

And one precious soul was killed. Heather Heyer shouldn’t have been a casualty. But Charlottesville, because of political reasons, was allowed to erupt with hatred and violence.

As someone who is biracial, my heart grieves that the poison of racism is treated so recklessly. After witnessing over 8 years of Barack Obama’s squandered opportunities to engage constructively on racial issues, I’m now listening to the Left’s daily obsession with calling everyone who disagrees with them a racist. That’s the liberal way to end the conversation.

It’s bizarre considering the projection that seems to be going on from the Party of Slavery and Jim Crow. Discontent with just revising history, they now want to purge it. I’m a staunch defender of the First Amendment. Even (non-violent) ignorance has the right to be voiced. If former dunce-cap-wearing David Duke wants to talk about “taking this country back” for the extremely small minority of white folks who think like he does, he’s entitled to that lunacy. He might want to listen to that folksy tune “This Land Is Your Land” again. Black, white and every hue in between. Rich, poor and every socioeconomic status in between. Legal immigrant and native-born. Republican, Democrat, Independent, or anywhere along the political spectrum. America belongs to all of us.

If you are attached uncritically to Trump, then:

You made everything else follow on this premise, but no one I know, including myself, is attached uncritically to him. He’s like any other politician. We have to deal with what we have. We vote for the person whom we think is the best of the realistic choices: not perfect; not a canonized saint; not in total alignment with Catholic teaching (such as never happened in the history of America).

You said you have often voted for third party. That relieves you of any responsibility for who wins the election. And since you voted for Hillary Clinton, you don’t have to worry about anything Trump does (in terms of being his supporter), leaving you to join in on the anti-Trump irrational hysteria and fanaticism. You can sit in your armchair and say “I didn’t vote for him” and then launch all your volleys, which (at the level we are now seeing) are long since utterly contrary to scriptural commands to honor one’s rulers (including political ones). St. Peter even told us to “honor the emperor”: who at that time was a pagan and persecutor of Christians. St. Paul honored the Jewish high priest who was opposing him during his trial (citing Old Testament teaching that one ought not insult rulers).

… after the Heidi Cruz incident, and then the genital-grabbing remark, you have no credibility speaking about women’s issues;

I spoke out very strongly about the tape that came out right before the election, in a Facebook post entitled, “Statement on Donald Trump’s Despicable, Outrageous “Lewd” Comments” (10-8-16). I wrote: “What Trump said and what it implies is indefensible. I agree with all criticism of it along those lines.”

So that’s that (now I have your approval to still speak on women’s issues. Thank you, my lord [bowing deferentially] ). But I also noted that the pro-life issue was paramount, and that Presidents are not known to be saints:

There seems to be the silly idea in some quarters that presidential candidates are always (or should be) rather saintly characters? Huh? What a joke! There is, of course, a long, pathetic history of presidential affairs. We know about FDR; obviously Bill Clinton (whom Hillary has enabled for 40 years or more), JFK (not far from Clinton’s exploits). Even Eisenhower is said to have had a mistress. Reagan was quite promiscuous in his Hollywood days (I’ve read that he had 50 or so partners), if not while President.

No one who is morally conservative or a consistent Catholic or other kind of Christian condones any of that. But it’s nothing new. It’s beyond naive (flat-out simplistic) to believe that we are talking about holy, saintly people at this high of a level in the political arena.

Often, given this reality, in voting it comes down to “the lesser of two evils”. My friends on the Catholic left (legion at Patheos, where I blog) are well aware of this, since they routinely justify voting for pro-abort candidates as morally superior to the alternative.

And I also considered the possibility that Trump could have possibly changed in the eleven years since the tape. Hardly anyone (if anyone) on the oh-so-compassionate left seems to have even considered the remote possibility of that. But how charitable and Christian is that attitude? It’s simply assumed that he is the same person as he was then. His wife forgave him, but that’s not enough (even though the left has accepted that Hillary forgiving Bill for his innumerable escapades makes it all fine and dandy). And so I wrote in the same post above:

It’s also possible that the man has changed and grown in some respects. I don’t know, but I do know that others have changed. St. Paul killed Christians, after all, and became an apostle. St. Peter denied Christ and became the first pope. King David planned to have a man killed so he could commit adultery with his wife. He repented, and God made an eternal covenant with him, knowing all along that he was going to do these wicked things. . . . The point is that it is possible to change, by God’s grace. I see no compelling reason to believe that Trump has undergone some sort of religious conversion, as has been reported by some. But I also don’t think it is impossible or out of the question that he has at least reformed these tawdry, locker-room aspects of his life. After all, anyone who has come out of addiction to pornography has reformed in that way. I don’t know if he has or not. All I’m saying is that it is possible and not impossible.

… after the KKK march, you have no credibility talking about Holocaust issues.

Of course I condemned the KKK, white supremacists, and Neo-Nazis after that occurred, because I always have. I also condemned the hatred and bigotry coming from the leftist Antifa and other wingnuts at those demonstrations (just as President Trump did). And we see clearly what those folks are like, after the recent fracas at Berkeley.

But what I strongly object and resent and detest to my bones is this notion that somehow every conservative is assumed by default to be a racist and Klan sympathizer if they don’t condemn marches by tiny groups of fringe extremist bigots and racists every time they occur. This is only necessary because of the pre-existing prejudice that Republicans are racist pigs by the multi-millions.

Someone on TV tonight who was accused of being a white supremacist (on the usual idiotic grounds) noted that (paraphrase) “Why should I have to condemn the KKK? It’s like condemning the Texas flood.” In other words, there is no compulsion to do so. It’s already understood. Do we need to condemn ISIS every time a terrorist act occurs? It’s only not understood by those on the left who already think all conservatives are racists.

And so I wrote on 8-17-17:

As a lifelong Northerner, I won’t stand by while my Southern friends are caricatured as bigoted racists en masse (or listen to bilge that this is proven simply by the existence of statues of Gen. Lee et al). There have been many racists in the South and the North, assuredly, and we have a scandalous, atrocious past in this regard.

But things are much better than they were 50 (let alone 150) years ago. They would be much better still if the Democrats (and their many RINO useful idiot comrades) didn’t constantly race-bait and lie about conservatives being in bed with the KKK. But that would be truthful, fair, and constructive for the country and race relations, moving forward, and we mustn’t have that, either. That would be too normal and moral and intelligent and hopefully optimistic, after all: too [truly] progressive.

Don’t even get me started on Holocaust issues. You obviously don’t know a thing about me. You don’t want to go down that road.

… after Arpaio, you have no credibility about speaking out against torture, the key wedge issue many pro-lifers are using now;

I’ve always opposed torture. Arpaio was not convicted by the one judge (having been refused a jury trial) for torturing prisoners, as far as I know. If I’m wrong about that, please let me know, and I’ll reconsider my position.

… after the KKK and Arpaio, you have no credibility talking about nonviolence;

I have nothing to do with the KKK or racism, period. Police enforcement isn’t a Sunday picnic, and sometimes does (yes) come close to crossing an ethical line, or does cross it, in some instances. But your pacifism logically entails not even being able to defend innocent people with force. They couldn’t have taken out the gunman who tried to kill all the Republican congressmen. There would be a lot of people dead today, but for the action of police officers.

That was use of force. That was “instant capital punishment” against the perpetrator. How do you square that with your pacifism? Would you prefer that they didn’t shoot the murderer, and thus accept as a result a bunch of dead GOP congressmen?

I am a nonviolent person just as you are. I was in Rescues (five arrests, 25 or so rescues, three trials, and jail time); I’ve never owned a gun. But I also understand that the government was given the power of the sword (Romans 13). Part of that is police use of force, where necessary to protect people.

… no credibility talking about Scripture;

… no credibility quoting Church teaching;

no credibility talking about justice, or love, or healing, or the future, or the American dream.

Poppycock. How melodramatic! This is just ranting stupidity, arrogance, and sanctimonious condescension: typical of the left. You guys think that you have a monopoly on morals and compassion.

If anyone has lost credibility on the pro-life issue, and the moral high ground, it’s you, by voting for rabid pro-abortionist Hillary Clinton. You couldn’t even vote third party, for a pro-lifer, to make your “statement”. You had to vote for the Planned Parenthood Champion of the Century.

You have no basis at all to be pompously lecturing anyone about morality as regards abortion, let alone about Scripture and Church teaching (which are areas I have dealt with for 27 years as a Catholic apologist, with Imprimaturs, including one from my own bishop, and a Foreword for my first book from Servant of God, Fr. John A. Hardon, S. J.).

Meanwhile, 3000 babies a day are legally killed, and the “new” pro-lifers can find nothing better to do than to condemn many millions of so-called “old” pro-lifers as supposed racists and anti-woman, simply because we don’t parrot liberal talking-points and think that one white supremacist demonstration is the most momentous and influential gathering in the history of the world.

You talk about making abortions less numerous, yet you oppose the very people who have done exactly that: reduced abortion from 1.5 million a year to one million or less, by means of many abortion restrictions on the state level.

That was made possible by exclusively Republican appointees to the Supreme Court, save one man: Byron White: the last pro-life Justice put on the Supreme Court by Democrats (JFK in 1962). This is undeniable fact. It’s because of Republican-appointed Justices, that we have all these laws passed, saving many millions of lives. And it is Republican-dominated state legislatures that have passed these laws.

But people like you somehow go around pretending there is no difference between the parties, so you vote third party or Democrat for President (you have said you voted Republican for President only two times in your life), ignoring all this progress, and how it was made possible. You voted for one of the biggest supporters of abortion ever in November 2016. We know she is because Planned Parenthood said so.

You vote exactly as the most rabid pro-aborts do, and you have the audacity to contend that that is more pro-life than voting for the stated pro-life candidate, and that this would help produce an environment where less abortions would take place.

Right now, there would have been a five-person pro-abort majority on the Supreme Court, if Hillary had won (that horrifying prospect that you were ready to absurdly celebrate, simply because she would have put Trump in his place and proved that he was a “loser”).

William Doino, Jr. wrote in First Things in January 2017:

[T]he pro-life movement has begun to make real gains. As the Catholic News Service recently noted, citing a major study: “The US abortion rate is down to its lowest level since the Supreme Court made abortion legal virtually on demand in 1973, and the rate is half of its early-1980s peak.”

Many abortion advocates maintain that the decline is largely due to access to “family planning” and contraception; but widespread access to both has been available for decades, and even the “pro-choice” Guttmacher Institute, which issued the study, acknowledged that “the wave of abortion restrictions passed at the state level over the last five years” may well have played a part. Pro-life scholars who have studied the issue certainly agree.

The election of Donald Trump as president, who has promised to fight abortion and appoint Supreme Court justices opposed to Roe, is another boost. Expressing the sentiments of many, Marjorie Dannenfelser of the pro-life Susan B. Anthony List now believes: “This is the strongest the pro-life movement has been since 1973.”

And Anne Hendershott, Director of the Veritas Center for Ethics in Public Life at Franciscan University, Steubenville, Ohio, wrote in The Human Life Review just five days ago:

If one wishes to convince others that the whole-life approach to protecting the unborn is preferable to the traditional pro-life movement, hurling insults at the pro-life community is not the place to start. Unfortunately, this has been the strategy adopted by some of the most articulate advocates of the whole-life position. . . .

[T]he pro-life movement is already helping to change the culture surrounding abortion by winning many battles at the state level—over waiting periods, ultrasound and parental notification requirements, and restrictions on late term abortion. More than 300 policies to protect the unborn have been passed in the states in the past five years alone—with little help from those in the whole-life movement. The number of abortions in each of those years has fallen to pre-Roe-era levels—the lowest in more than four decades. Many of these gains are due to the selfless efforts of the traditional pro-life community and its pro-life religious leaders. We now have a pro-life president who has promised to appoint pro-life judges. Yet just as victory appears possible at the level of the Supreme Court, the whole-lifers want us to give up our “single issue focus” on the unborn.

You need some critical distance from Trump to have credibility about anything. 

So speak up.

I’ve defended myself and my choices.  I spoke up, and did without shame and ludicrous doublethink on the pro-life issue that your vote for Hillary Clinton entailed.

Now it’s your turn. Let’s hear you “speak up” and defend your vote for a pro-abort when a pro-lifer was on the ticket running against her. It’s quite a different thing when you have to stop ranting about the Great Satan, Trump (and anyone who voted for him) for a few minutes, and try to rationalize your voting choice.

[as of writing, Mr. Cavanaugh-O’Keefe — so eager to challenge my comments — has not counter-responded. If he does, I will assuredly add them and my replies to this paper or a follow-up one, linked here]

2017-11-06T03:19:16-04:00

CyrilJerusalem

St. Cyril of Jerusalem, by Francesco Bartolozzi (1727-1815) [public domain / Wikimedia Commons]

***

(8-1-03)

***

For preliminaries concerning my methodology and the burden of proof for showing if a Church Father believed in sola Scriptura, see my paper, Church Fathers & Sola Scriptura. St. Cyril of Jerusalem’s’ words will be in blue. Anti-Catholic polemicist Jason Engwer’s words will be in green.

***

Here is a passage from St. Cyril that anti-Catholics think prove his adherence to sola Scriptura:

For concerning the divine and holy mysteries of the Faith, not even a casual statement must be delivered without the Holy Scriptures; nor must we be drawn aside by mere plausibility and artifices of speech. Even to me, who tell thee these things, give not absolute credence, unless thou receive the proof of the things which I announce from the Divine Scriptures. For this salvation which we believe depends not on ingenious reasoning, but on demonstration of the Holy Scriptures. (Catechetical Lectures, 4:17)

This is again a statement of material sufficiency and does not prove that Cyril held to sola Scriptura. Theoretically, he might hold to it and write like this (which is why Jason cites him, in vain hopes that he can be drafted as an ally to the Cause), but — as always — consideration of his other statements on the general issue of authority will disabuse any fair-minded inquirer of the opinion that he did so in fact. Catholic apologist Patrick Madrid comments on this passage:

Sometimes Protestant apologists try to bolster their case for
sola scriptura by using highly selective quotes from Church
Fathers such as Athanasius, John Chrysostom, Cyril of Jerusalem,
Augustine, and Basil of Caesarea. These quotes, isolated from the
rest of what the Father in question wrote about church authority,
Tradition and Scripture, can give the appearance that these
Fathers were hard-core Evangelicals who promoted an unvarnished
sola scriptura principle that would have done John Calvin proud.
But this is merely a chimera. In order for the selective “pro-
sola scriptura” quotes from the Fathers to be of value to a
Protestant apologist, his audience must have little or no
firsthand knowledge of what these Fathers wrote. By considering
the patristic evidence on the subject of scriptural authority in
context, a very different picture emerges . . .
*
And consider this quote from Cyril of Jerusalem’s Catechetical
Lectures, a favorite of the nouveau Protestant apologists [he then cites the passage]

. . . How should we understand this? Catholic patristic scholars would
point out that such language as Cyril uses here is consistent with
his and the other Fathers’ high view of Scripture’s authority and
with what is sometimes called its material sufficiency (more on
that shortly). This language, while perhaps more rigorously
biblical than some modern Catholics are used to, nonetheless
conveys an accurate sense of Catholic teaching on the importance
of Scripture. Even taken at face value, Cyril’s admonition poses
no problem for the Catholic. But it does, ironically, for the
Protestant.

The proponent of sola scriptura is faced with a dilemma when he
attempts to use Cyril’s quote. Option One: If Cyril was in fact
teaching sola scriptura, Protestants have a big problem. Cyril’s
Catechetical Lectures are filled with his forceful teachings on
the infallible teaching office of the Catholic Church (18:23), the
Mass as a sacrifice (23:6-8), the concept of purgatory and the
efficacy of expiatory prayers for the dead (23:10), the Real
Presence of Christ in the Eucharist (19:7; 21:3; 22:1-9), the
theology of sacraments (1:3), the intercession of the saints
(23:9), holy orders (23:2), the importance of frequent Communion
(23:23), baptismal regeneration (1:1-3; 3:10-12; 21:3-4), indeed a
staggering array of specifically “Catholic” doctrines.

These are the same Catholic doctrines that Protestants claim are
not found in Scripture. So, if Cyril really held to the notion of
sola scriptura, he certainly believed he had found those
Catholic doctrines in Scripture. One would then have to posit that
Cyril was badly mistaken in his exegesis of Scripture, but this
tack, of course, leads nowhere for Protestants, for it would of
necessity impugn Cyril’s exegetical credibility as well as his
claim to find sola scriptura in Scripture.

Option Two: Cyril did not teach sola scriptura; the Protestant
understanding of this passage is incorrect. That means an attempt
to hijack this quote to support sola scriptura is futile (if not
dishonest), since it would require a hopelessly incorrect
understanding of Cyril’s method of systematic theology, the
doctrinal schema he sets forth in Catechetical Lectures, and his
view of the authority of Scripture. Obviously, neither of these
options is palatable to the Protestant apologist.

Were there time and space to cycle through each of the patristic
quotes proffered by Protestants arguing for sola scriptura, we
could demonstrate in each case that the Fathers are being quoted
out of context and without regard to the rest of their statements
on the authority of Scripture, Tradition and the Magisterium. It
will suffice for now, though, to remind Catholics that the Fathers
did not teach sola scriptura, and no amount of clever “cut-and-
paste” work by defenders of sola scriptura can demonstrate
otherwise.

(online article, Sola scriptura: A Blueprint for Anarchy)

Protestant anti-Catholic apologist Bishop “Dr.” [???] James White utilizes the same passage for the same purpose in his chapter in the book, Sola Scriptura! The Protestant Position on the Bible (edited by Don Kistler, Morgan, Pennsylvania: Soli Deo Gloria, 1995, p. 27). But in the same work and same lecture, Cyril also states:

Of these read the two and twenty books, but have nothing to do with the apocryphal writings. Study earnestly these only which we read openly in the Church. Far wiser and more pious than thyself were the Apostles, and the bishops of old time, the presidents of the Church who handed down these books. Being therefore a child of the Church, trench thou not upon its statutes. (Catechetical Lectures, IV, 35)

Two sections earlier, he had written: “Learn also diligently, and from the Church, what are the books of the Old Testament, and what those of the New.” But Cyril, who died in 386 (only eleven years before the canon was finalized by the Church), did not believe that Revelation was part of the New Testament, as noted Protestant scholar F. F. Bruce states in his book, The Canon of Scripture (Downers Grove, Illinois: InterVarsity Press, 1988, 213). Thus, there is all the more reason to believe that the Church was necessary to determine the canon of Scripture, as Cyril himself notes. Even he couldn’t know exactly what books were Scripture without the Church.

Protestants, with the benefit of hindsight, may think it is quite easy to know what books are biblical, inspired books, and which are not, but the actual history of the development of the canon suggests otherwise (to put it very mildly). It’s difficult to follow a principle of Scripture Alone when one can’t even be sure what Scripture is. It is what it is, apart from proclamation (and Catholics fully agree with that, as stated in Vatican I and elsewhere), yet the Church had to pronounce authoritatively the parameters of the canon, because men could not totally agree, and that necessity is part and parcel of the Catholic rejection of the formally sufficiency of the Bible as a rule of faith. The Church is necessary in this fashion and in others (such as in matters of biblical interpretation and determination of orthodoxy, creeds, etc.)

In his Catechetical Lecture V, “On Faith,” Cyril shows that he fully accepts the Catholic understanding of authority; the three-legged stool of Bible, Church, and Tradition, and apostolic succession, which is a different conception from sola Scriptura:

But in learning the Faith and in professing it, acquire and keep that only, which is now delivered to thee by the Church, and which has been built up strongly out of all the Scriptures. For since all cannot read the Scriptures, some being hindered as to the knowledge of them by want of learning, and others by a want of leisure, in order that the soul may not perish from ignorance, we comprise the whole doctrine of the Faith in a few lines. This summary I wish you both to commit to memory when I recite it , and to rehearse it with all diligence among yourselves, not writing it out on paper , but engraving it by the memory upon your heart , taking care while you rehearse it that no Catechumen chance to overhear the things which have been delivered to you. I wish you also to keep this as a provision through the whole course of your life, and beside this to receive no other, neither if we ourselves should change and contradict our present teaching, nor if an adverse angel, transformed into an angel of light should wish to lead you astray. For though we or an angel from heaven preach to you any other gospel than that ye have received, let him be to you anathema. So for the present listen while I simply say the Creed , and commit it to memory; but at the proper season expect the confirmation out of Holy Scripture of each part of the contents. For the articles of the Faith were not composed as seemed good to men; but the most important points collected out of all the Scripture make up one complete teaching of the Faith. And just as the mustard seed in one small grain contains many branches, so also this Faith has embraced in few words all the knowledge of godliness in the Old and New Testaments. Take heed then, brethren, and hold fast the traditions which ye now receive, and write them on the table of your heartGuard them with reverence, lest per chance the enemy despoil any who have grown slack; or lest some heretic pervert any of the truths delivered to you. For faith is like putting money into the bank, even as we have now done; but from you God requires the accounts of the deposit. I charge you, as the Apostle saith, before God, who quickeneth all things, and Christ Jesus, who before Pontius Pilate witnessed the good confession, that ye keep this faith which is committed to you, without spot, until the appearing of our Lord Jesus Christ. A treasure of life has now been committed to thee, . . . (sections 12-13)

As Patrick Madrid mentions, he also upholds the infallibility of the Catholic Church:

It is called Catholic then because it extends over all the world, from one end of the earth to the other; and because it teaches universally and completely one and all the doctrines which ought to come to men’s knowledge, concerning things both visible and invisible, heavenly and earthly ; and because it brings into subjection to godliness the whole race of mankind, governors and governed, learned and unlearned; and because it universally treats and heals the whole class of sins, which are committed by soul or body, and possesses in itself every form of virtue which is named, both in deeds and words, and in every kind of spiritual gifts.. . . Concerning this Holy Catholic Church Paul writes to Timothy, That thou mayest know haw thou oughtest to behave thyself in the House of God, which is the Church of the Living God, the pillar and ground of the truth.

. . . And while the kings of particular nations have bounds set to their authority, the Holy Church Catholic alone extends her power without limit over the whole world . . .

. . . In this Holy Catholic Church receiving instruction and behaving ourselves virtuously, we shall attain the kingdom of heaven, and inherit Eternal Life; . . . (Catechetical Lecture XVIII, sections 23, 25, 27, 28)

Cyril explicitly teaches apostolic succession, referring to:

. . . that apostolic and evangelic faith, which our fathers ever preserved and handed down to us as a pearl of great price. (To Celestine, Epistle 9; from Joseph Berington and John Kirk, The Faith of Catholics, three volumes, London: Dolman, 1846; Vol. I: 446)

The Church plays a role in authoritative interpretation:

Now these things we teach, not of our own invention, but having learned them out of the divine Scriptures used in the Church, and chiefly from the prophecy of Daniel just now read; as Gabriel also the Archangel interpreted it, speaking thus: The fourth beast shall be a fourth kingdom upon earth, which shall surpass all kingdoms. And that this kingdom is that of the Romans, has been the tradition of the Church’s interpreters. (Catechetical Lecture 15, section 13)

I think we can safely conclude that the anti-Catholics are again guilty of selective presentation and fallacious reasoning, in the case of St. Cyril of Jerusalem. What Jehovah’s Witnesses do with the Scriptures, they do with the Church Fathers: select isolated passages which appear, prima facie, to fit into preconceived Protestant notions of sola Scriptura, (whereas their thing is Arianism), but examination of further related passages proves otherwise and makes the claim untenable and utterly implausible.

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Cyril believed the Church was the Guardian of true doctrine. Protestants don’t believe that, because they hold that the Church of the early centuries fell into many serious errors, and that the Church had to be “restored” and “reformed” by Luther in the 16th century because it had almost (but not quite) ceased to exist. Catholics have much more faith in God’s ability to preserve His Church than that.

Anti-Catholics produce this passage of Cyril acknowledging the possibility of Church’s leaders’ error:

I wish you also to keep this as a provision through the whole course of your life, and beside this to receive no other, neither if we ourselves should change and contradict our present teaching, nor if an adverse angel, transformed into an angel of light should wish to lead you astray. For though we or an angel from heaven preach to you any other gospel than that ye have received, let him be to you anathema. (Catechetical Lectures, 5:12)

Of course leaders sometimes teach error. But we believe that they cannot bind the entire Church to heresy, and that it has never happened. Anti-Catholics also appeal to these two statements of St. Cyril:

Why then dost thou busy thyself about things which not even the Holy Ghost has written in the Scriptures? Thou that knowest not the things which are written, busiest thou thyself about the things which are not written? There are many questions in the Divine Scriptures; what is written we comprehend not, why do we busy ourselves about what is not written? (Catechetical Lectures, 11:12)Now mind not my argumentations, for perhaps thou mayest be misled but unless thou receive testimony of the Prophets on each matter, believe not what I say: unless thou learn from the Holy Scriptures concerning the Virgin, and the place, the time, and the manner, receive not testimony from man. For one who at present thus teaches may possibly be suspected: but what man of sense will suspect one that prophesied a thousand and more years beforehand? (Catechetical Lectures, 12:5)

As usual, nothing is said about the superiority of Scripture, authority-wise, over against Church and Tradition, which alone would constitute proof for Protestant contentions in their never-ending, never successful quest to establish and uphold their “pillar” of sola Scriptura.

2017-04-04T15:58:19-04:00

ChurchDoor

Photograph by “MemoryCatcher” (6-14-13) [Pixabay / CC0 public domain]

*****

Erik is a thoughtful, amiable Calvinist who commented under my blog paper, Total Depravity (“None is Righteous”): Reply to James White. His words will be in blue.

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I honestly cannot comprehend your intentions here.

That’s extraordinary, since I laid them out in the most painstaking detail. No one could possibly misunderstand my intent. But somehow you manage to do so. Strong presuppositions cause that to happen.

Are you saying there are some who, apart from God, seek after him and find him?

No. Again, how are the following words of mine in the post so difficult to grasp?:

I wholeheartedly agree that the unregenerate man is utterly unable to save himself or do the slightest thing to turn to God and be justified or regenerated, but (and always but) for God’s grace. The Council of Trent (surprise! for many who have been told otherwise by anti-Catholics!!!!) teaches all of this: [documentation then provided]

You denied any Pelagianistic tendencies!

Indeed. Catholics aren’t Pelagian. Nor are Arminians (who haven’t gone liberal).

Are you saying that the unregenerate can actually have pure motives in their deeds?

I wasn’t arguing about “absolutely pure” (I know that is what Calvinists hone in on), but rather, “good deeds” and “good / righteous men.”

(Have you even glanced sidewise for an instant and ruminated on the motives of earthly do-gooders of our day and age? On the unbelievable destruction brought down on the poor, marginalized, and vulnerable by worldly social justice and social ministry?)

Yeah; that’s why I am a political conservative and an orthodox Catholic.

Those whom Scripture describes as seeking after God…are there any instances where they are said to have done so on their own, in their own strength?

That wasn’t my argument anyway, so it is a red herring. I say that they could do good things, before regeneration, by God’s grace. I deny total depravity, as described by Charles Hodge:

. . . entire inability of the natural man to what is spiritually good. . . . the entire absence of holiness; . . . a total alienation of the soul from God so that no unrenewed man either understands or seeks after God; . . . The apostasy from God is total or complete. . . . They are destitute of any principle of spiritual life.

Are there any who do so and then are described as eternally lost? (Not just sick or in trouble within the span of their lifetime.)

In my paper, I gave examples of strongly implied, or at least plausible damnation: of Kings Uzziah, Jehoshaphat, and Asa. And they were all described as doing good things or being good to some extent. At this point, I wonder if you even read my paper. You keep asking things that it plainly dealt with.

The New Testament is much more clear about it:

Hebrews 3:12-14 (RSV) Take care, brethren, lest there be in any of you an evil, unbelieving heart, leading you to fall away from the living God. But exhort one another every day . . . that none of you may be hardened by the deceitfulness of sin. For we share in Christ, if only we hold our first confidence firm to the end.

Hebrews 6:4-6 For it is impossible to restore again to repentance those who have once been enlightened, who have tasted the heavenly gift, and have become partakers of the Holy Spirit, and have tasted the goodness of the word of God, and the powers of the age to come, if they then commit apostasy . . .

2 Peter 2:15, 20-21 Forsaking the right way they have gone astray; they have followed the way of Balaam, . . . For if, after they have escaped the defilements of the world through the knowledge of our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ, they are again entangled in them and overpowered, the last state has become worse for them than the first. For it would have been better for them never to have known the way of righteousness than after knowing it to turn back from the holy commandment delivered to them.

Romans 2 is problematic for everyone. If they are saved, they are saved not only apart from the gospel but apart from the church, not exactly something a Catholic would admit to before the last century or so. Calvinists are allowed to speculate on the possibility of postmortem evangelism and the like. So perhaps these enlightened pagans are elect in the final analysis. At any rate, this passage shouldn’t be used in the debate (if you ask me).

Of course you wouldn’t want to use it because it doesn’t exactly support Calvinist TULIP.

You are incorrect (off by 1500 years or so) about the latitude of Catholic views on salvation outside the Church. Fr. William Most has shown that there were simultaneous restrictive texts of the fathers about salvation outside the Church, and more open, broad texts (thus the latter tradition does exist).

In my book of St. Augustine quotations, I have four citations from two of his works about baptism of desire.

In my book of Eastern fathers’ quotations I have one from St. Gregory Nazianzen (d. c. 390).

St. Thomas Aquinas had an extensively developed line of thought about this sort of thing as well:

Salvation Outside the Church?: Alleged Catholic Magisterial Contradictions & St. Thomas Aquinas’ Views

Lastly, the Council of Trent expressly sanctioned baptism of desire.

God is love…and the source of all love. No one else is a source. No one seeks unless they are drawn. You cannot simply deny Pelagianistic tenets. You must somehow argue FOR Sola Gratia being compatible with your take on passages concerning apparent works righteousness.

I agree with all this, and nothing in my paper denies it. I suggest you go read it again and try to take off your Calvinist glasses and strong “filter” for a half hour. :-)

2020-09-14T09:00:12-04:00

StPetersBasilica

St. Peter’s Basilica and that old Tiber River that converts have to cross. Photograph by “992829” (11-21-12) [Pixabay / CC0 public domain]

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(9-4-07)

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Anti-Catholic Reformed Baptist apologist James White has been having a great deal of fun with this deliberately provocative David Letterman-like (minus any trace of humor) “Top Ten list”, first introduced on his blog on 8-20-07. He has since gone on to discuss it on a webcast on 8-29-07, and in subsequent posts of 8-26-07, 9-2-07, and 9-3-07. And of course, as usual, he studiously avoided any interaction with my reply.

You can always tell when White thinks he has hit an anti-Catholic “home run” because he’ll milk the material for all it’s worth for a week or so (the previous instance of this was the controversy with Steve Ray over how many Protestant denominations exist). He also loves to pick on new Catholic converts, knowing that — in all likelihood — their newfound faith (as in all conversions, religious, political or otherwise) is still in formation and not epistemologically worked out in detail to the nth degree.

After all, not everyone is as brilliant and intellectually dazzling as Bishop White, with immediate answers to every conceivable question that might be asked of them concerning their Christian faith. Granted, millions would do well to study apologetics a great deal more than they do (and it is a part of my mission to further that goal, as it is White’s from his perspective), but on the other hand, the right reverend bishop shows himself unreasonable and irrationally demanding in what he expects of a young convert. And, by the way, if you dare to defend a recent convert from White’s personal attacks, then White may compare you to a terrorist.

This (from where he sits) was a perfect opportunity for him to exercise his bulldog-like pestering, since those who would likely respond would be those new converts to whom the post was directed. Then White (the experienced anti-Catholic apologist, with 60-70 live oral debates-worth of experience) could swoop down for the kill and whoop and yuck it up with his cronies in private about how stupid and ignorant Catholics are. Talk about a stacked deck, huh?

Of course, when dealing with a bit more experienced Catholic apologist (and convert) like myself, it is an entirely different story. In my case, for example, White has absolutely ignored many major critiques of his work, from my pen (and he may very well add the present paper to that list). He has consistently run from my arguments and refutations of his stuff for over twelve years now. He refused to engage me in a debate in his own chat room twice, [see the documentation: one / two / three / four] even after I offered him (knowing how scared he is of a “non-canned” situation) generous handicaps that gave him the advantage in terms of cross-examining time.

Oh, occasionally he will exhibit a burst of confidence, and critique one of my books or something. But that dissipates with my first reply, at which point he promptly flees for cover in the Arizona hills again (presumably on his fabled bicycle), with talk of “stalking” and “hatred” and supposed “meltdowns”, etc. Maybe all that sun has fried his brain. One looks for some sort of explanation.

For lack of any better one, I take the view that he possesses the typical bully / coward mentality: he is a bully when he knows his opponent has far less knowledge and experience than he does in apologetic matters (or exegesis, or whatever is the point at hand), and an intellectual coward with almost anyone who has more experience and challenges him to written debate (as opposed to oral). He loves the oral debate setting (and the similar set-up of his webcast) because he feels confident there, having developed scores of canned, sophistical responses through the years that have a great appearance of intellectual strength, but the depth of a sidewalk puddle.

The man has become a virtual self-parody. He can decide with this post whether he wants to grow a backbone and deal with someone who has a bit more apologetic background than many of those he loves to go after on his blog (we can only hope and wish and pray that he will do so), or else run again. I’ll document whatever happens here. If he “replies” at all, we can fully expect the usual mockery and dismissals. But there is always a chance for him to redeem himself and get some semblance of the usual confidence that intellectuals exhibit when their opinions are scrutinized. There is always a first time for anything . . .

White’s words will be in blue. Those of a convert he critiqued will be in green and the words of a near-convert (?) in purple.

Last week I received the following e-mail, and I felt it would be best to share my response here on the blog.

Dear Mr. White, For someone considering converting to Catholicism, what questions would you put to them in order to dicern [sic] whether or not they have examined their situation sufficiently? Say, a Top 10 list. Thanks.

When I posted this question in our chat channel a number of folks commented that it was in fact a great question, and we started to throw out some possible answers. Here is my “Top Ten List” in response to this fine inquiry.

10) Have you listened to both sides? That is, have you done more than read Rome Sweet Home and listen to a few emotion-tugging conversion stories? Have you actually taken the time to find sound, serious responses to Rome’s claims, those offered by writers ever since the Reformation, such as Goode, Whitaker, Salmon, and modern writers? I specifically exclude from this list anything by Jack Chick and Dave Hunt.

This is actually a decent observation, and one that I would pretty much agree with (since I am well-known for doing debates with many folks and presenting both sides on my blog so that people can see both sides presented by advocates, and make up their own minds). I do, nevertheless have a few relevant criticisms to offer:

1) White implies that if someone did this, then he would respect their decision, but we know that he does not in actual cases. For example, look at how he treats Scott Hahn (no differently from any other Catholic convert: with considerable scorn and mockery. White knows full well that Scott, a former Presbyterian pastor, voraciously read everything he could get his hands on, prior to his own conversion (literally, several hundred books). Ironically, he mocks Scott’s conversion story as lightweight (above, by strong insinuation), yet Scott did the very thing that White calls for, and it makes no difference. White will show disdain for any convert, no matter how much he studied both sides. This objection looks great as rhetoric, because it contains a significant amount of wisdom and truth, but in practice it makes no difference as far as he is concerned.

2) Many former pastors and theological professors (or former Protestant missionaries / apologists, such as myself) have converted to Catholicism. White would have to maintain that all of them were unacquainted with Protestant arguments, despite their seminary or theological educations, or (as, again, in my case) their own wide reading. This is far too simplistic, in that it would require the absurd scenario whereby any pastor / professor / missionary who becomes a Catholic must have been abominably ignorant of his own former Protestant belief-system and good reasons in favor of it.

3) Another example of the same hypocrisy is how White approaches my own case. During the course of a “critique” of my book, The Catholic Verses, he started making out that I was an ignorant Protestant who hadn’t read anything (Protestant) of any worth, and that this is why I converted (he tried to make this argument in our very first written debate, in 1995, too). Well, I took the time to list the books that I had read as a Protestant.

Now, did this make a whit of difference? Did it show White that I was sufficiently acquainted with my former Protestant belief-system, to have made a decision to become a Catholic without being accused of ignorance? No, of course not. It not only made no difference at all; White upped the ante and immediately accused me of “knowing deception” in his reply post:

Mr. Armstrong has provided a reading list on his blog. In essence, this means that instead of blaming ignorance for his very shallow misrepresentations of non-Catholic theology and exegesis, we must now assert knowing deception. So far, DA has been unable to provide even the slightest meaningful defense of his own published statements and their refutation. Which is really only marginally relevant to the real issue: hopefully, aside from demonstrating the exegetical bankruptcy of The Catholic Verses, . . . [my bolding]

This charge of dishonesty, by the way, is standard practice among anti-Catholics. Both Eric Svendsen and David T. King (good friends of White and published anti-Catholics) are on record (on Svendsen’s blog) stating that all or virtually all Catholics are deliberately dishonest deceivers. This is how opposing argument is “dealt” with.

4) This can easily be flipped around and it can be demonstrated that it is far more characteristic of former Catholics who become Protestant (especially those — many in number — who become anti-Catholic, as part and parcel of their newfound Protestantism). I’ve seen it myself a hundred times or more (when I question folks to see what they have read). One doesn’t find White chiding former Catholics for a lack of Catholic reading (if I missed it, I’d love for him to direct me to such a piece). He doesn’t urge them to get up to speed with Catholic apologetic arguments, so that they can have a sufficiently informed Protestant faith, with robust confidence. No; any argument against Rome at all is fine with White. He need know nothing further of a new Protestant convert, other than the fact that they rejected Catholic teaching in some respect. That immediately proves they are wise, regenerate, and on the side of the angels. So it is yet another double standard on his part.

5) Nor can White so flippantly dismiss the more extreme, dumb anti-Catholic polemicists, such as Jack Chick and Dave Hunt. The fact is, that most of the contra-Catholic / anti-Catholic polemical literature out there is almost as irrational and fact-challenged as the Chick garbage. Granted, folks like White and Svendsen and Webster and Hays and Turk and King and Ankerberg and MacArthur and Sproul are far more sophisticated than Chick, and generally minus the super-stupid conspiratorialism and Know-Nothing aspects of a guy like Chick, but scarcely less insulting, and with almost as many glaring fallacies and deficiencies in their work, as seen when one reads both sides with regard to one of their presentations. For every Norman Geisler, who offers an amiable, charitable, non-anti-Catholic (ecumenical), serious sustained critique of Catholicism from an evangelical Protestant perspective, there are a hundred Kings and Turks and Whites who offer misinformation and sophistry.

9) Have you read an objective history of the early church? I refer to one that would explain the great diversity of viewpoints to be found in the writings of the first centuries, and that accurately explains the controversies, struggles, successes and failures of those early believers?

White doesn’t offer an example of such an “objective history.” Of course, it would probably be a Protestant historian that he has in mind. But this is by no means the slam-dunk for his side that he supposes. For example, I have cited historian Philip Schaff many dozens of times in my treatments of the Fathers, and that is because he is a fair and accurate historian. He is thoroughly Protestant in affiliation, and makes no bones about it (often running down various Catholic beliefs in an openly partisan fashion), yet he gives the facts of history, whether they are “Catholic” or (as he sees it) more in line with later Protestantism. Thus, he is a valuable ally in my apologetic efforts of presenting the Fathers as they actually were.

I encourage anyone to read serious historical scholarship concerning the early Church, whether written by a Catholic or a Protestant. The Catholic position will always benefit from that. One could easily become a Catholic on historical grounds, simply from reading Schaff, and other learned Protestant historians such as Pelikan, Kelly, Latourette, and Oberman. One wouldn’t even have to use Catholic sources (that White would accuse of being severely slanted and biased). I would agree that many on either side of the aisle never trouble themselves to read such works, but I would direct anyone in a second to Schaff or the others I have mentioned. And that is because historical arguments from the Fathers overwhelmingly favor a more “Catholic” interpretation.

8) Have you looked carefully at the claims of Rome in a historical light, specifically, have you examined her claims regarding the “unanimous consent” of the Fathers, and all the evidence that exists that stands contrary not only to the universal claims of the Papacy but especially to the concept of Papal Infallibility? How do you explain, consistently, the history of the early church in light of modern claims made by Rome? How do you explain such things as the Pornocracy and the Babylonian Captivity of the Church without assuming the truthfulness of the very system you are embracing?

“Unanimous consent” means, of course, “significant consensus” rather than absolute unanimity. That is simply a matter of semantics. Such consensus in favor of Catholic positions is indeed what we consistently find, so this poses no problem at all. Speaking for myself, this was a central concern of mine, and I did read at least some sources that White champions, such as the Anglican anti-Catholic George Salmon, whom we see him mentioning above. And I read Catholic liberal dissidents like Hans Kung, who reject infallibility.

But then I also read (given my love for hearing both sides of any story) John Henry Cardinal Newman, and he helped me a great deal to precisely understand “the history of the early church in light of modern claims made by Rome.” But of course White wouldn’t recommend that anyone reads his works. That would be too dangerous. Newman can only be mocked, never dealt with seriously. We see this strong tendency even among contra-Catholic polemicists who are not anti-Catholic per se.

Evidence for the early existence of a strong papal authority is also abundant. I strongly urge folks to read both sides. There is also considerable biblical support for the papacy. One can find these arguments on my own Papacy Index page.

Various sins and rough periods in Church history are instances of, well, sin! This is supposed to be some surprise or disproof of anything? This is responded to by pointing out that there will always be sinners in the Church, and by showing that the supposedly pure early Protestants were no different in this regard (if not worse). We expect to find sin in any environment, even Christian places. Jesus and Paul told us it would be so, so this is no “argument” at all, and has no bearing on truth claims.

7) Have you applied the same standards to the testing of Rome’s ultimate claims of authority that Roman Catholic apologists use to attack sola scriptura?

Many Catholic apologists have dealt with anti-Catholic arguments along these lines, yes. I wouldn’t expect every new convert to be familiar with every jot and tittle of current Catholic-Protestant argumentation. It’s getting harder and harder all the time for someone to see both sides on the Internet, since very few anti-Catholic apologists lower themselves to actually engage Catholics in debate anymore. But there are more than enough of debates from the past that remain online, for folks to do the comparison themselves. I have many scores of such debates on my own blog.

How do you explain the fact that Rome’s answers to her own objections are circular?

This assumes what it is trying to prove, which is itself circular logic (strange, since it is objecting to the same thing that it is doing).

For example, if she claims you need the Church to establish an infallible canon, how does that actually answer the question, since you now have to ask how Rome comes to have this infallible knowledge.

This confuses the issue. It is indisputable that Church authority was necessary to definitively establish and verify (not create!) the canon. That is simply historical fact that no one can deny. Questions of how this authority came about are secondary to the fact. They are worthwhile in and of themselves, but merely pointing to them does not alleviate the Protestant difficulty of having to rely on a human institution for a binding decree regarding the canon (it’s a problem because for Protestants, the Bible is the only infallible authority).

This is one example (of many) of White’s unreasonable demands. The fact is, that any Christian position requires faith, for the simple reason that Christianity is not merely a philosophy, or exercise in epistemology. White’s view requires faith; so does the Catholic outlook. One exercises faith in the Catholic Church being what it claims to be: the One True Church, uniquely guided and led by the Holy Spirit, with infallible teaching. Hopefully, one can give cogent reasons for why this faith is reasonable, but it is still faith in the end: reasonable, not blind.

White’s Protestant friends have the same exact problems that need to be worked out for their systems, too. But there we have countless self-contradictions. What denomination is right? Who teaches correctly on baptism or free will or predestination? Etc. If they really agree, then why are they institutionally separate (the sin of schism)? If they disagree, then error is inevitably present somewhere, and the devil is the father of lies and falsehood, so millions of Protestants are in bondage to a pack of lies. It must be, where contradiction is present.

In any event, why does White require every Catholic convert to instantly know the answers to all these questions, lest their conversion be doubted in its knowledge, and/or sincerity? Conversion is an extraordinarily complicated and personal process. If I wanted to play this unfairly, as White does, I could easily take apart a hundred former Catholics in his chat room, if I was allowed to grill them with all of these sorts of questions (but of course they will refuse anyway, as James Swan did). I guarantee that none of them would pass with a 100% mark, under questioning of how much of both sides they have read and understood, etc. But White acts as if the validity of religious faith utterly depends on passing such a quiz and having exhaustive knowledge on these sorts of topics, that only experience, trained apologists (or clergymen or philosophers or theologians) can reasonably be expected to possess.

Or if it is argued that sola scriptura produces anarchy, why doesn’t Rome’s magisterium produce unanimity and harmony?

It does. I deny that it does not. We have one teaching, and everyone knows what it is. The fact that we are plagued by dissidents in our ranks proves nothing against our doctrine. Their very label as dissidents proves that they dissent from the official teaching. Everyone knows what the latter is. I’ve written about this, too:

Dialogue: Are Dissident “Catholics” a Disproof of the Catholic Church’s Claims of Ecclesiological and Doctrinal Unity? (vs. Eric Svendsen, James White, Andrew Webb, & Phillip Johnson)

Even White refers, in his third paper, to “wild-eyed liberal wackos who parade under the banner of ‘Roman Catholic scholarship'”. He knows the method of liberals, because they do the same thing in Protestant denominations. I agree, however, that all these issues require vigorous discussion. White and virtually all of his anti-Catholic friends don’t want to have a serious discussion of that sort. They would rather mock, run from critiques and debate challenges, and pick on new converts.

And if someone claims there are 33,000 denominations due to sola scriptura, since that outrageous number has been debunked repeatedly (see Eric Svendsen’s Upon This Slippery Rock for full documentation), have you asked them why they are so dishonest and sloppy with their research?

Speaking for myself, I agreed several years ago that this number is based in part on fallacious categorization, and I no longer use it, or anything remotely approaching it (I will usually say “hundreds of competing denominations”). White and Protestants, however, are by no means free from their severe difficulties, since (as I pointed out then, and as Steve Ray reiterated recently) any number of “churches” beyond one is a blatantly unbiblical concept.

6) Have you read the Papal Syllabus of Errors [link] and Indulgentiarum Doctrina [link]? Can anyone read the description of grace found in the latter document and pretend for even a moment that is the doctrine of grace Paul taught to the Romans?

Many new converts have not. Many longtime Catholics have not. But so what? Does White want to contend that most Calvinists have read Calvin’s complete Institutes or all of the many confessions? Many have not. Does that mean they are illegitimate Calvinists? No, and clearly so. Not everyone is required to have exhaustive knowledge of everything. I think it is sad that White makes such arguments because he perpetuates the stereotype that we apologists are burdened with: as intolerable know-it-alls. I would never say that a Catholic has to instantly know all of this stuff in minute detail before they could be accepted into the Church in good standing. White doesn’t require similar knowledge of his Calvinist friends.

The Syllabus of Errors, of course, deals with many different things. Each would require a lengthy discussion, but White is unwilling to do that. So it is hardly impressive that he simply assumes that it is a false document, with no argument.

As for Indulgences, they are based on explicit biblical (largely Pauline) evidence, that I have presented in my first book, as recently noted in a blog comment. But will White engage in that discussion? No, because he won’t discuss anything at all with me. I’m far too stupid and dishonest (so he sez) for him to lower himself to deign to interact with.

I’m all for folks knowing as much about their religious faith as the can: the more the merrier. But I would never require what White requires. He wants to set the bar so high that virtually no one would pass the test; therefore there are no legitimate Catholic converts on the face of the earth. But that is what White already believed, before he ever dreamt-up this list in the first place. So it is simply a rationalization after the fact.

5) Have you seriously considered the ramifications of Rome’s doctrine of sin, forgiveness, eternal and temporal punishments, purgatory, the treasury of merit, transubstantiation, sacramental priesthood, and indulgences? Have you seriously worked through compelling and relevant biblical texts like Ephesians 2, Romans 3-5, Galatians 1-2, Hebrews 7-10 and all of John 6, in light of Roman teaching?

This is more of the excessively unrealistic demands for a new convert. One can study theology and apologetics over a lifetime and always have more to learn. I’ve been doing apologetics for seventeen years now, and it is endless; I feel that I have only scratched the surface, and I am known as one of the more voluminous apologists.

But in any event, I could simply flip this around and find passages that are relevant to distinctive Protestant beliefs, and ask former Catholic Protestants if they had studied all of that in depth, enough to face the equivalent of a White cross-examination. God doesn’t expect everyone to know everything. He does expect a great degree of understanding of at least the basics of one’s faith, though.

In the end, all have to exercise faith. White knows this full well; in fact, the presuppositionalism (of Greg Bahnsen et al) that he himself follows, requires it. Calvin (as White also knows full well) writes about an inner subjective assurance that cannot be reduced to mere philosophy and epistemology. Calvinist presuppositionalism does not require that level of mere philosophical “certainty.” Nor does Catholicism.

White, then, is either deliberately (or not) operating on a double standard, or else he is too ignorant of Catholic apologetics to know that we do not require what he seems to feel is necessary. To read more about this strain of thought in Protestantism, see the excellent overview article (especially the sections on Calvin): The Witness of the Spirit in the Protestant Tradition, M. James Sawyer, Th.M., Ph.D. Many Catholics have expressed similar thoughts (notably, Augustine and Pascal).

4) Have you pondered what it means to embrace a system that teaches you approach the sacrifice of Christ thousands of times in your life and yet you can die impure, and, in fact, even die an enemy of God, though you came to the cross over and over again?

I replied to White regarding the Sacrifice of the Mass, but he fled, as always, and never counter-replied. We can give quite adequate answers to these objections.

And have you pondered what it means that though the historical teachings of Rome on these issues are easily identifiable, the vast majority of Roman Catholics today, including priests, bishops, and scholars, don’t believe these things anymore?

Why should anyone ponder it? It is irrelevant. Because liberals infiltrate every Christian communion and try to subvert them, has no bearing at all as to whether the teaching of that group is true. It is neither a disproof of any Protestant denomination, nor of Catholicism. White himself carps on and on about how there are hardly any real evangelicals around anymore. Yet you don’t see him advancing that fact (real or imagined) as a disproof of his own views, do you? No; that level of tomfoolery is reserved for his anti-Catholic polemics.

3) Have you considered what it means to proclaim a human being the Holy Father (that’s a divine name, used by Jesus only of His Father) and the Vicar of Christ (that’s the Holy Spirit)?

Is White serious? All one has to do here is note that there are such things as “holy men” referred to in the Bible. The writer of Hebrews calls the recipients of his epistle “holy brethren” (RSV; also the same in White’s favorite: the NASB). Peter refers to a “holy priesthood” (1 Peter 2:5; same in NASB) and “holy women” such as Sarah (1 Peter 3:5; same in NASB) and “holy prophets” (2 Peter 3:2; same in NASB; cf. Acts 3:21 [also Peter]; Zechariah’s prophecy in Luke 1:70). John the Baptist is referred to as a “righteous and holy man” in Mark 6:20 (same in NASB). Jesus refers to a “righteous man” in Matthew 10:41. Therefore, men can be called “holy” in Scripture. That solves half of this “pseudo-problem.”

Can they also be called “father”? Of course!:

Acts 7:2 And Stephen said: “Brethren and fathers, hear me. The God of glory appeared to our father Abraham, . . .”

Romans 4:12 . . . the father of the circumcised . . . our father Abraham . . .

Romans 4:16-17 . . . Abraham, for he is the father of us all, as it is written, “I have made you the father of many nations . . .” (cf. 9:10; Phil. 2:22; Jas. 2:21)

1 Corinthians 4:15 For though you have countless guides in Christ, you do not have many fathers. For I became your father in Christ Jesus through the gospel.

That solves the other half of White’s “objection.” If you can call a man “holy” and also (spiritual) “father”, then you can call a person both together, and the “problem” vanishes into thin air.

As for “Vicar of Christ” this is an equally ridiculous trifle. I don’t believe “vicar” appears in the Bible (at least it doesn’t in the KJV and RSV, that I searched), yet somehow Bishop White has this notion that this phrase can only denote the Holy Spirit. Where does he come up with this claptrap? Here is the definition from Merriam-Webster online:

Main Entry:
vic·arListen to the pronunciation of vicar
Pronunciation:
\ˈvi-kər\
Function:
noun
Etymology:
Middle English, from Anglo-French, from Latin vicarius, from vicarius vicarious
Date:
14th century

1: one serving as a substitute or agent; specifically : an administrative deputy

Now, is this some blasphemous way of speaking about disciples of Jesus? Again, absolutely not, for it is the sort of language (substitutes, agents, ambassadors, etc.) that Jesus Himself used, in referring to His disciples (the word disciple itself is not far in meaning from vicar):

Matthew 10:40 He who receives you receives me, and he who receives me receives him who sent me.

Matthew 16:19
I will give you the keys of the kingdom of heaven, and whatever you bind on earth shall be bound in heaven, and whatever you loose on earth shall be loosed in heaven.

Matthew 18:18 . . . Whatever you bind on earth shall be bound in heaven, and whatever you loose on earth shall be loosed in heaven.

John 13:20 Truly, truly, I say to you, he who receives any one whom I send receives me; and he who receives me receives him who sent me.

John 20:23 If you forgive the sins of any, they are forgiven; if you retain the sins of any, they are retained.

Jesus even goes further than that, extending this representation of Himself to children and virtually any human being:

Matthew 18:5 Whoever receives one such child in my name receives me.

Matthew 25:40 Truly, I say to you, as you did it to one of the least of these my brethren, you did it to me. (cf. 25:45)

Mark 9:37 Whoever receives one such child in my name receives me; and whoever receives me, receives not me but him who sent me.

Luke 9:48 Whoever receives this child in my name receives me, and whoever receives me receives him who sent me; for he who is least among you all is the one who is great.

Then we see instances of radical identification with Jesus, such as the term “Body of Christ” for the Church, or Paul partaking in Christ’s afflictions (Col 2:8; cf. 2 Cor 1:5-7, 4:10, 11:23-30; Gal 6:17), or our “suffering with Christ” (Rom 8:17; 1 Cor 15:31; 2 Cor 6:9; Gal 2:20; Phil 3:10; 1 Pet 4:1,13)

Where’s the beef, then? Jesus routinely refers to something highly akin to “vicar” in these statements (and the Apostle Paul picks up on the motif in a big way). So the pope represents Christ to the world, in a particularly visible, compelling fashion. Big wow. This is not outrageous blasphemy; it is straightforward biblical usage. Who is being more ‘biblical” now?

Do you really find anything in Scripture whatsoever that would lead you to believe it was Christ’s will that a bishop in a city hundreds of miles away in Rome would not only be the head of His church but would be treated as a king upon earth, bowed down to and treated the way the Roman Pontiff is treated?

I see plenty about Petrine and papal primacy and headship; yes (see my Papacy page). Would White like to actually have a discussion about it, rather than taunting new converts?

2) Have you considered how completely unbiblical and a-historical is the entire complex of doctrines and dogmas related to Mary? Do you seriously believe the Apostles taught that Mary was immaculately conceived,

No, because that was a development of the notion of her sinlessness that came to fruition hundreds of years later, just as the canon of Scripture was a development that came to fruition hundreds of years later, and just as the Two Natures of Christ was a development that came to fruition hundreds of years later. Whoop-de doo! The disciples would have understood that she was sinless, as seen in Luke 1:28, closely examined.

and that she was a perpetual virgin (so that she traveled about Palestine with a group of young men who were not her sons, but were Jesus’ cousins, or half-brothers (children of a previous marriage of Joseph), or the like?

There are plenty of biblical and historical arguments for that (see the appropriate section on my Mary Page). Luther, Calvin, and Zwingli, and many many Protestants through history (such as John Wesley) were as stupid as Catholics, since they, too, firmly believed in this doctrine.

Do you really believe that dogmas defined nearly 2,000 years after the birth of Christ represent the actual teachings of the Apostles?

Development is not creation. Creation of doctrines ex nihilo can only be seen in such Protestant novelties / corruptions as sola Scriptura and sola fide and denominationalism, that cannot be traced to the Fathers at all.

Are you aware that such doctrines as perpetual virginity and bodily assumption have their origin in gnosticism, not Christianity,

No. If White wishes to call biblical evidences Gnosticism, he may do so. I don’t think he will impress many people with such an argument, though.

and have no foundation in apostolic doctrine or practice?

Really? That’s news to me.

How do you explain how it is you must believe these things de fide, by faith, when generations of Christians lived and died without ever even having heard of such things?

Biblical and historical arguments, and consideration of development of doctrine more than amply explains it.

And the number 1 question I would ask of such a person is: if you claim to have once embraced the gospel of grace, whereby you confessed that your sole standing before a thrice-holy God was the seamless garment of the imputed righteousness of Christ, so that you claimed no merit of your own, no mixture of other merit with the perfect righteousness of Christ, but that you stood full and complete in Him and in Him alone, at true peace with God because there is no place in the universe safer from the wrath of God than in Christ, upon what possible grounds could you come to embrace a system that at its very heart denies you the peace that is found in a perfect Savior who accomplishes the Father’s will and a Spirit who cannot fail but to bring that work to fruition in the life of God’s elect? Do you really believe that the endless cycle of sacramental forgiveness to which you will now commit yourself can provide you the peace that the perfect righteousness of Christ can not?

By denying the false assumptions and categorizations present in this hyper-loaded question. Catholics accept sola gratia every bit as much as Protestants do, so it is a non-issue. We deny (solely) imputed justification, but that is distinct from sola gratia. White’s disdain of sacramentalism puts him at odds, of course, with the vast majority of Protestants throughout history, let alone Orthodox and Catholics. I have shown that by using his criteria of “sacramentalism vs. grace” Martin Luther himself could not even be regarded as a Christian; nor could St. Augustine (and White loves him even more than Martin Luther).

White has far more insuperable problems to resolve than any Catholic convert has. I’ve highlighted many of them, but they are by no means a complete list. In White’s worldview consistently applied, virtually no one can be a regenerate Christian at all except for Calvinists.

I have often pointed to the highly emotional nature of the vast majority of conversion stories to Rome, and have discussed the fact that conversions, per se, do not surprise me in the last.

Some of course, are “highly emotional” just as we find in Catholic-to-Protestant conversions. I would hope that a change of mind and heart in such important matters would be emotional and not unemotional. But I see infinitely more rational analysis of conversion put forth by Catholic converts, than the other way around. Fair-minded Protestant observers such as Mark Noll have noted this as well.

The less biblically sound and grounded post-evangelicalism becomes, the more common such movement in the various religions of men will be.

Well, that is a convenient little theory, isn’t it? The only problem is that it doesn’t fit well with the facts. Most important converts who become known, come from the healthy and vigorous and traditionally orthodox places of Protestantism, not the compromised sectors. That’s why White rarely gives any solid examples. He has gone after Francis Beckwith, trying to prove that he never was an evangelical, but that is too absurd to even waste time refuting.

White then starts citing a recent convert, responding to his #10 (seen above):

This just seems so insulting. Mr White has interacted with so many converts. I doubt he really listens to any of them. I wrestled with these questions for years. I did seek out debates. It was hard to from many of the protestants I respect the most because they either ignore the questions altogether or they give a shallow response that has been refuted many times. The ones I did find were just not convincing. James White is one of the few that has frequently debated Catholics. I was frustrated by him because his skill was in ducking the questions and not answering them. He would sound good but when you reflect on what he said you realized he didnt really answer the difficulty. He just smoothly the rhetorical pin. [sic]

This is exactly right, and reflects my experience and that of many other converts.

Notice how the very first response bristles with emotion. The convert is intent upon taking everything personally, looking to be offended, so as to avoid, it seems to me, the actual force of the questions themselves.

Yes, it has emotion, because he is disgusted (as many of us are) with the low quality of anti-Catholic responses to our concerns. Emotion and passion about religious matters is a great thing. It shows fire and life. It’s exactly the way God wants us to be. Jesus wept and overturned the tables of the moneychangers. Paul lost his temper and made sarcastic comments about people castrating themselves, etc. He was passionate about Jesus. So should all Christians be. Why, then, does White mock this?

I don’t see anything “personal” in this reply. But I see a lot of true analysis of White’s and other anti-Catholics’ pathetic modus operandi. I know from firsthand experience, I could literally write a book about all the mocking and personal insults I have endured from this crowd myself. No one is more merely “emotional” (and irrational) than they are, especially when mocking converts or Catholicism in general.

White demanded that converts listen to both sides. This person has done so. Why can’t White accept that? Instead, he passes right over that relevant factor and pretends that it is only emotionalism with no content. This is classic — absolutely classic — White sophistry, that he utilizes constantly.

Now, in essence, the response here is “I couldn’t find any decent answers.” I’m sorry, but that is really hard to believe.

Not at all; not in the sense that he describes: people grappling with the best of Catholic apologetics that can be brought to bear. He was truly trying to see solid discussion, but anti-Catholics hardly do any of that anymore. They have thrown in the towel en masse. It’s fairly striking. Again, anyone can observe this in how White treats any of my examinations of his arguments (almost certainly including this very paper). A true seeker or inquirer would want to see how one side answers the tough questions of the other. Anti-Catholic persistently refuse to do that, but you can always find a Catholic apologist facing these questions head on.

But anyone who can simply dismiss a Whitaker or a Goode or a Salmon as “shallow” is not really engaging the subject meaningfully.

Right. I would certainly dismiss Salmon as shallow. Why is this impermissible? White characterizes any defense of Catholicism (e.g., Newman) as shallow and worthless. Why is it inconceivable to him that some of his champions may be perceived in the same way?

And as to the accusation against me, once again, as we had with Guardian’s rhetoric which required him to request 90 days to come up with some substantiation to his allegations, we are given the accusation, but no examples.

I’m providing quite a bit right now, in examining how White operates. My friend Paul Hoffer is preparing, as I sit here, a very extensive analysis of White’s sophistry, with many examples (after White challenged him to do so). Stay tuned! I have dozens of papers where one can see White’s usual method (or “anti-method” as it were).

I post videos of the cross-examinations we do right here on the blog. If I was “dodging” questions all the time, why would I do that?

If he didn’t dodge hard questions, why in the world would he turn down a live chat debate with me in his own chat room, where I offered him an opportunity to do nothing but cross-examination? Because I am an idiot and an ignoramus, is his response. Okay; let us assume that this is true: I’m dumber than a box of nails or the Rock of Gibraltar. All the more reason for White to prove this to the world in such an encounter. The Golden Opportunity. But White has so much to lose he wouldn’t dare take me up on it.

But if it is actually my opponents doing the dodging, well, that changes the picture. So without examples, we only have the one side, which makes the debates available for all, and the other side’s unsubstantiated accusations.

One can observe a twelve-year history of White’s unsavory and cowardly tactics, just in his interaction with myself alone. I have it documented. Some of the worst stuff I actually removed from my blog, however, out of charity to Bishop White. But I could easily find it on Internet Archive, if pressed.

And here is a bit of White’s latest round:

I really wasn’t interested in it enough to visit his site, since I was pretty confident it would be nothing more than one of his typical attacks on Catholicism.

Indeed, it is that; I concur. Lots of scattershot attempts and sophistry, with an accompanying unwillingness to discuss any of the particulars (with an apologist like myself) in the depth that any given particular deserves and demands.

Of course, no one has ever claimed that impeccability is required. But anyone who has read about the history of the Papacy knows there is a difference between impeccability and basic, simple regeneration.

White doesn’t think any Catholic who believes all that his Church teaches, is regenerate. So any additional sin that could be brought to bear is quite beside the point. Likewise, with the papacy. Pope St. John Paul II was a very holy man. Did that make any difference in how White and his holier-than-thou cronies treated him after he died? No, not at all.

And for a lengthy period, the Papacy was held by men the lost world itself considered reprobates. Evidently, when it comes to the Papacy, no amount of immoral behavior, false teaching, or general improper behavior, is sufficient to overthrow the ever-strong desire for a king.

Most of the kings of Judah and Israel were wicked, too. Yet Jesus Himself was descended through one such (relatively righteous) king: David. Even he was a murderer and adulterer. But the pope is not a king. He is a shepherd and fisher of men.

So, the realistic factionalism of Rome would prove the magisterium insufficient, yes?

No, not at all. Not any more than the presence of Judas among the twelve disciples rendered the rest of the disciples “insufficient” or illegitimate. If Catholic liberals “prove” that no one can know what Catholics believe and/or that the Magisterium has no authority, then by the same token, Protestant liberals “prove” that any given Protestant denomination has no confession or creed or governing body that has any authority. It proves too much and rebounds against White’s own position, and so it is a lousy argument and must be discarded. The existence of liberals proves absolutely nothing more than that there are such things as liberals, who try to subvert received traditions and the Bible itself.

Incidentally, and speaking of essentials, I believe Calvin would say that Mr. White’s Reformed Baptists are not part of the true church, since they do not properly attend to the Sacraments.

I haven’t any idea why this shot was included, but while that would have been true (does he think I am unaware of this?), what does it have to do with anything?

It has a great deal to do with the incoherence of a position of one person, who is illegitimately, illogically assailing the supposed incoherence of another view. It’s a sort of “throwing stones in a glass house” scenario. Isn’t it fascinating, though, that Calvin would read White out of the Church (and that White freely acknowledges this)? Martin Luther would definitely do the same (with much more vehemence and passion). Yet White wants to go around claiming his way is the Right Way, and that his understanding is superior to the very founders of Protestantism. Why should anyone believe his take on things (or Luther’s or Calvin’s, for that matter)? Protestantism is a bucket with a thousand holes in it.

I hold Calvin to the same standard I hold anyone else to–the very standard he would have had me use,

That’s fine and dandy, but how are we out here reading both Calvin and White, to determine who is right, when there is contradiction? That has always been one of many insuperable difficulties of Protestantism.

if he could be allowed to be consistent given his historical situation.

Now we have historical relativism. Fascinating . . . let Calvin be born a hundred years later and he would have attained consistency. What a joke . . .

I was referring to bishops and theologians and the very people who teach the faithful, priests, all across the world today. Any person who closes their eyes to the rampant inclusivism and universalism in Rome today is simply engaging in self-deception.

Prove it in magisterial documents . . .

. . . everyone knows that when the Pope is called “Holy Father” it is done in a religious context of veneration; it is joined with such terms as “Vicar of Christ on earth.” Language has meaning; adding multiple terms together has meaning. There is no comparison, obviously, between Stephen’s references to the fathers of the Jews (i.e., the patriarchs) and the religious veneration and obeisance offered to the bishop of Rome.

The pope is held in very high esteem just as the persons who were described as “holy” and “[spiritual] father” in the Bible were held. So what? Much ado about nothing . . .

I would not have slept with the woman who carried the Christ in her womb if I were Joseph.

An amazingly absurd thing for someone to say who pretends to honor marriage, to be sure. More of Rome’s anti-marriage bias seeping into even the one who is still wading in the Tiber, perhaps?

This “answer” is its own refutation. Any further comment would be entirely superfluous.

Calvin and Luther believed this doctrine [perpetual virginity of Mary]. Anyway, this litany of doubt raises only secondary issues to the primary issue of church authority.

Calvin showed next to no interest in the subject, and, had he lived today with the data available now, and with Rome’s further exaggerations in the past, you can bet he would have been just as politically incorrect in denouncing such myths as I am. Probably more so.

Right. So now White engages in historical anachronism forward as well as backward. He would win over Calvin himself on all disputed points, could they but live in the same time period. Yet he can’t persuade his Presbyterian friends today (folks like David T. King) to become good Baptists.

In his installment of 9-2-07, White entertains us with the following hyper-ridiculous, ultra-circular conclusion:

Will it be a difficult day when our convert discovers that the Protestantized version of Rome’s gospel he has accepted is inconsistent with that taught by Rome over the years? Or will that ever happen, in light of an ever less doctrinally oriented Roman Catholicism in the West, one enamored with inclusivism and even universalism? Or will this convert do what so many others have done and adopt a “cafeteria style” Catholicism that picks and chooses what will be believed and what will not? It is hard to say, but the saddest thing is that the essence of the last question clearly went right past our convert, which would indicate significantly less than enough reading and study in both his former beliefs (whatever they might have been) and Rome’s soteriology as well. Which, I think, was why I wrote the questions I did in answer to the e-mail. Of course, it is an act of God’s grace that would ever allow a person to realize the importance of the question, let alone what it means to him or her.

Wow. Well, folks, you can see how so much of apologetics in response to anti-Catholics involves a reinventing of the wheel. One tires of going over the same old ground again and again. But in any event, I’ve done some of that today, and hopefully it will be of some use to those who are harmed by White’s sophistical polemics.

2017-04-18T18:06:10-04:00

vs. Jamin Hubner

Diploma

Image by “Ener6” [Wikimedia CommonsCreative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International, 3.0 Unported, 2.5 Generic, 2.0 Generic and 1.0 Generic license]

*****

(6-29-10)

*****

I’ve already treated at great length the question of James White’s bogus “Th.D.”. The question was raised anew, due to the latest post on James White’s blog (7-6-10): The Truth About Education and Accreditation, written by “new member to Team Apologian, Jamin Hubner.” [no longer available on his site] He has made flat-out amazing claims in the obvious attempt to shore up White’s own bogus doctorate. In a particularly revealing tack, he actually attacks the very notion of accreditation of universities and seminaries (“what is ‘accreditation,’ and what is it really worth?“). I shall interact with a few of the more remarkable points, with Hubner’s words in blue:

Reasons to (and not to) Obtain a Formal Education

. . . Doctoral: A person should get a doctoral degree for (a) training for ministry/teaching/leadership roles (i.e. job as researcher, apologist, professor, etc.), especially those in the academic and scholarship world. A person should not get a doctoral degree because . . . (b) “I want to be called “Dr.”,

Exactly. Yet the anti-Catholic Reformed Baptist apologist James White has gone around the world proclaiming himself “Dr. James White” for years now. Obviously, he thinks this grants him a higher degree of credentials (looks great on debate announcements, doesn’t it?), and he knows full well the prestige associated with the title; yet it is bogus, because it came from non-accredited Columbia Evangelical Seminary (see the school’s lengthy defense of its stand on this score).

It’s false advertising, and an insult to all the thousands of men and women who have done the necessary hard work of achieving a real doctorate degree. How ironic, given White’s persistent and ongoing critique of a certain figure in the evangelical world, for allegedly falsely presenting his own background on a number of fronts. I am making no judgment on that affair, by the way; if anything I am inclined to agree (from my heavy skimming of it) with the substance of the case that that White has made. But I have not thoroughly read both sides, and so make no final judgment at this point in time. I’m simply noting the irony of criticizing one man for “false advertising” while doing the same in one’s own glorious title of “Dr.” — without having written a genuine doctoral dissertation (and that term means something very specific, too) for an accredited educational institution.

(c) “I want to be accepted in the academic community,” etc.

There is such a thing as an academic community, and it sets standards for membership: legitimate scholars vs. ones who merely proclaim themselves to be so. There is nothing intrinsically wrong with seeking to be part of this class, and therefore, abiding by its membership requirements.

Completing doctoral studies demonstrates (should) that a person is capable of being a scholar through demonstrating scholarship in one particular area, and demonstrates that a person is prepared to take Christian ministry (i.e. elder, professor, apologist, etc.) seriously.

“Demonstrates” is a malleable, subjective term. Who determines that? This is precisely why accreditation exists in the first place: to ensure certain educational standards. One is not a “scholar” simply by proclaiming himself to be one. If White has “demonstrated scholarship,” who determined that? His rabid followers? A majority vote from same?

According to his own report, White has been published many times in the Christian Research Journal, which is not a “peer-reviewed academic publication,” but merely an arm of the evangelical cult-watching organization, the Christian Research Institute: founded by Dr. Walter Martin. It’s a great evangelical magazine (I’ve often benefited from it, particularly in my cult research), but it’s simply not formally an academic one. It is on the same (popular) level as Catholic apologetics journals like This Rock or The Catholic Answer or Envoy Magazine: publications I’ve written for, myself, many times.

His articles have been in TableTalk Magazine on three occasions. Ditto the above: it is the “devotional” publication of Presbyterian author and radio preacher R. C. Sproul’s ministry, not an academic, peer-reviewed journal. He has another in Modern Reformation Magazine, which is of similar nature, flowing from Sproul’s ministry.

He has four articles published in Reformed Baptist Theological Review, which appears to be (at least prima facie) legitimately academic and peer-reviewed (though edited by those who teach at the non-accredited Reformed Baptist Seminary), but of course that is merely part of his own small wing of both Reformed Protestants and Baptists, so he can expect to get a minimal amount of scrutiny, preaching to the choir. Thus, he has a total of four articles in one (ostensibly) peer-reviewed academic journal that derives from his own theological school. This is hardly impressive academically, and does not suggest the peer-reviewed work commensurate with a true doctorate.

His many books are written on a “popular level,” precisely as my own are. They aren’t “academic books” and all are published by evangelical or specifically Calvinist publishers. His initial publisher, Crowne (sometimes called Crown) Publications, appears to have folded. I can’t find anything about it online.

White has at least taught at accredited institutions: Grand Canyon University and Golden Gate Baptist Theological Seminary (see also his notes on accreditation).

None of this, however, magically transforms him into a “Doctor.”

Granted, White has learned lots of stuff. He knows Hebrew and Greek. He does have a legitimate seminary education. He has learned exegesis (though he often applies it in a thoroughly fallacious manner because of his highly tendentious and dubious anti-Catholicism). He knows a great deal of theology and theological history. He may know any number of things (and I think he does). For all we know, he might be the world’s smartest and most knowledgeable man. But that is not the same — sorry — as acquiring a doctoral degree.

I actually agree with one key premise of the article: education and acquiring of further knowledge (especially for the right reasons) is a wonderful thing in and of itself. In my own case (as I have openly stated many times), I have no formal theological education. I have studied the Bible and Christianity and Christian history and apologetics and philosophy for over thirty years, for use in my vocation as a full-time apologist.

I’m all for learning: whether informal or formal. A great deal of my own (and all of my theological study) has been informal. No one need be ashamed of that. G. K. Chesterton, for example, never obtained any college degree. Yet few (in the Christian and especially Catholic world) would question his learning or even wisdom.

What I object to is the false advertising of claiming to have a doctorate and proudly bearing the title of “Dr.” when one has not done the work that is required to achieve that goal and honor. It’s an insult to those who have done so. I don’t call myself an “academic” or a “scholar” because that would be a lie. I do call myself a Catholic apologist because that is the truth. “Apologist” is a larger, more inclusive category than “academia” or “the scholarly world.” It always has been and always will be.

C. S. Lewis was a Christian apologist, but he didn’t have a theological degree. The man was an English professor. I don’t go around saying I have a “Ph.D.” (or Th.D.) when in fact I do not. White should not do so, either. He has a legitimate Masters degree (MA in theology, 1989) from the legitimate school, Fuller Theological Seminary. That is what he can properly claim.

http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_FOIrYyQawGI/TDTbO1hbdZI/AAAAAAAAC4Y/6uCqk9hkKRo/s1600/whiteschool2.jpg
The beautiful entrance to the hallowed (ivy-less) hall[s?] of Columbia Evangelical Seminary

If a person gets, for example, a doctoral degree from an institution, this means (if the above assertions are true) that the person has demonstrated himself/herself to be a scholar in a certain area, and thus, is (hopefully) capable of being a scholar in almost any area. Doing so requires nothing more than that: a demonstration.

The same muddleheaded fallacy is presented again: the “demonstration” is merely subjective rather than based on proper accreditation and academic, peer-reviewed standards.

If a person or group of people decided to recognize some degrees as being “real” and others “not real” for reasons other than this demonstration, it obviously has nothing to do with the doctoral degree – the demonstration of being a scholar.

To the contrary, it has everything to do with what a degree is, and whether it is legitimate or not. Granted, there are plenty of abuses in the academic world (heaven knows that I know that full well, in all of my apologetics debates and studies). But having problems does not mean that one should ditch the very notion of accreditation. We don’t, for example, get rid of all traffic rules and thumb our noses at them because some routinely abuse them (e.g., speeding on the freeway or not using a turn signal when changing lanes). We don’t throw the baby out with the bathwater.

Indeed, the “degree” has everything to do with reaching a certain degree – getting to a point where one can earn the letters (BA, MA, Ph.D, etc.) indicating such accomplishment.

By this absurd reasoning, anyone can read a bunch of books, get several folks to say that he or she has reached an appropriate “degree” of knowledge, thereby entitling them to add titles to their name. I’ve been told myself by many people (including those with real doctorates) that my learning indicates a knowledge commensurate with those who have obtained those degrees. I take that as a high compliment and am honored and humbled by it, but I would never dream of calling myself “Dr.” simply because of those observations. Yet that is what Hubner’s “thesis” (no pun intended) seems to amount to. It’s subjective and arbitrary and wishy-washy, rather than objective.

A person can obviously have the knowledge of a degree without actually formally earning the degree and having it recognized; . . . an athlete is no more competent a runner after he has obtained a running reward than before he received such formal recognition. . . . just because a person doesn’t have the formal degree doesn’t mean that person can’t have the same abilities and knowledge.

I agree (this is what many folks have kindly said about me); but it doesn’t follow that we can proclaim ourselves “Doctors” without following the proper, required, understood process by which we can attain to that title and honor.

Thus, to “demonstrate” what one must demonstrate in any particular degree, is to earn “the degree.” So, for example, in a doctoral program, demonstrating scholarship = degree; the “degree” = demonstrating scholarship.

Again, who decides who has demonstrated this level of accomplishment or not? If anyone can do so, then it is completely subjective. If “academics” do so, then we are right back to the question of legitimate credentials and educational requirements, which is accreditation. Hubner is painting himself into a corner by his own flawed logic.

In fact, absolutely nothing about the cheeseburger (i.e. origin, taste, nutritional value, physical weight, smell etc.) would change if every single CEO, manager, and cook of every restaurant in the world endorsed the cheeseburger through paper packaging, labels, and formal institutional recognition. So it is with educational degrees. Accreditation is supposed to mean something, but it can often mean nothing – at least when it comes to getting to a certain degree of academic ability and accomplishment.

I see. So let’s dispose of it altogether and regard diploma mills as the equivalents of accredited universities . . . Again (let it be plainly known what the nature of my argument is), I am not even opposed to some schools doing what they do without being accredited, if they perform a valuable teaching service. All I am opposing is the false advertising of claiming that they grant doctorate degrees and that these degrees are the same in essence as those from the accredited institutions.

Since some people have created degree-mills which give the recognition (i.e. Ph.D) without the actual demonstration of reaching a degree of ability and accomplishment, the academic world has come together to establish standards for what a “true” degree is and what it is not.

Exactly. Now we need to determine what a “diploma mill” is and isn’t. Hubner apparently thinks there are three categories:

1) Illegitimate non-accredited “diploma mills.”

2) Legitimate non-accredited schools.

3) Legitimate (though questionable in several ways) accredited schools.

Who decides which is which, with regard to #1 and #2? At what point does the “diploma mill” cease to be illegitimate and become a legitimate non-accredited school? Hubner doesn’t inform us. He then goes on to note some abuses in the accreditation process (inclusive language). I agree, but this has no bearing on my viewpoint one way or the other.

The purpose of accreditation should be to do just that: to associate a degree with an actual demonstration, not to make unnecessary rules that have no effect upon the actual education and quality thereof.

Bingo! So why wouldn’t White’s school seek this?

A doctoral degree at, for example, Columbia Evangelical Seminary,

. . . that just happens to be White’s alma mater, by the merest of coincidences . . .

is not accredited by any agency. There is no golden stamp on the outside of the cheeseburger bag. But, if one compares the fruit of the doctoral degree (the actual demonstration of scholarship) with that of an accredited institution and there is is no difference, then simply put, there is no difference in the degree – except the packaging, of course.

How is “scholarship” graded, in order to determine “fruit” and “quality” — if not by accreditation and the peer-reviewed process of journal articles and academic books?

If we are willing to assert the opposite and say, “but the academic world says its not real, so it’s not,” we are only fooling ourselves. We are saying the cheeseburger isn’t real until an organization says it’s real. We’re saying a man who can lift 40lbs really can’t lift 40lbs until he has formally done so in the presence of an approving body.

This forces us to stop and think: Who is determining the value of the accreditation institution anyway? If one institution can validate another, what makes accreditation institutions exempt? If there are “degree-mills,” why not “accreditation-mills”? What is to prevent their false education, except yet another, higher accreditation institution?

In conclusion, high standards of accreditation does not always mean high standards of education. The fruit of one’s labor is the true test of academic success, not the letters after one’s name. If that’s true, then term “scholar” should be more broadly used.

Right. As I stated above, obviously, Hubner is eschewing the entire edifice of accreditation, which is a ridiculous thing to do. If it isn’t necessary for legitimacy, it isn’t necessary. A=A (rule number one in logic). This is its own refutation.

Some of the non-accredited institutions that offer demonstrated superior education (at a fraction of the cost) include Columbia Evangelical Seminary, Greenville Presbyterian Theological Seminary, the Midwest Center for Theological Studies, and Reformed Baptist Seminary.

We shall eagerly watch to see what new “scholars” and “doctors” emerge from these wonderful institutions. I say they should continue doing what they do (again I am not opposed to that in and of itself, being a great advocate of more informal education, myself), but drop the pretense of the granting of “doctorates” and churning out “scholars.” Words (and titles) mean things, and we have no liberty of redefining terms at our own whim.

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Pinocchio2

Pinocchio. Photograph by “sferrario1968” (1-3-16) [PixabayCC0 public domain]

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(9-16-04)

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Heretofore, I have stayed out of this controversy about anti-Catholic Baptist apologist James White’s doctorate, or lack thereof. But it has been pointed out by several folks that if a person hasn’t really earned his “doctorate” degree with the usual amount of work required in most legitimate institutions of higher learning, that this in effect cheapens the achievements of those with real doctorate degrees, and grants the person with the bogus degree a level of respectability that he doesn’t deserve, which he then improperly uses in order to bolster his own academic “credentials.” I think this is a valid point, so I have decided to weigh in on this issue and present some hard evidence.

Fortunately for my time’s sake, the research has already been done, by some Mormons. Apart from the natural animus against White because he refutes Mormon teachings (and I would concur wholeheartedly with him in that effort, because Mormonism is no Christian religion), this issue stands distinct from theological disputes, and it is irrelevant who found out this information, if what they present is valid of its own accord. We mustn’t commit the “genetic fallacy.”

The first page to start with in the determination of whether White earned a real doctorate or not, is the “SHIELDS” (Scholarly & Historical Information Exchange for Latter-Day Saints) page: “James White’s Th.D.” One Gary Novak was the first to tackle the question head on. He kicks off his research query in his page, “Does James White Have a Genuine Doctorate?” First off, he links to White’s own defenses of himself. Here they are:

Of Doctorates and Eternity (first essay)
Of Doctorates and Eternity (Part 1)  [archived version; since removed from White’s website]
Of Gary Novak and the Columbia River

Now that the links are provided, readers can look these over if they are curious enough about this topic to pursue it in depth. In a nutshell, his reasons for choosing an non-accredited institution are the following:

1. Many of these accredited theological institutions are theologically liberal.
2. Accreditation works similarly for religious and secular schools (which ought not to be so).
3. He found his own private studies to be more fruitful.
4. He didn’t want to close his ministry and uproot his family, and wanted to stay close to his aging parents.
5. Expenses of a conventional higher education were prohibitive.
6. He was already a published author with some influence [White’s words will be in blue hereafter]:

I knew a number of Ph.D.’s who had never written a book that was read by more than a dozen people in their life—yet they were “scholars” and I wasn’t? Something wasn’t making sense. I began ordering doctoral dissertations for use in some of my writing projects and debates, and I discovered that most of these works, which had been accepted in fully accredited schools, were far shorter, and far less involved, than many of the books I was engaged in writing and publishing on a national level . . . Most dissertations sit in a dusty closet or on a shelf somewhere, never read by anyone outside the review committee, never making a difference in anyone’s life. I began to realize that this attitude did not come from within the Christian community, but from outside of it. That is, especially in this area, Christian education should part ways with secular education in recognizing that the work done in seminary should benefit the church at large, and the church in the local setting. Instead, we have adopted the standards of the world, rather than looking to the standards of the Scriptures.

7. He could design his own curriculum:

Most importantly for me, I was able to design a program around my writing projects, making classes out of entire books. Of course, when I look back, I realize that I did far more work for my own program than I would have had to do in any secular setting, but that’s OK. Everything I did ended up helping others, which made it seem, to me anyway, like a truly Christian experience of education.
. . . I gladly encourage anyone who questions the value and worth of the work I’ve done with Columbia to do something rather simple: read the following works [he lists eight of his own books] and ask yourself whether they demonstrate sufficient mastery of the subject matter—a mastery equivalent to that which is expected of a scholar on the doctoral level.

8. He could do a dissertation on the Trinity, for the benefit of the person in the pew, rather than an elite cadre of scholars. But White is quick to defend his choice:

That is not to say that my dissertation is unscholarly. Instead, I’d suggest that it takes more scholarship to take a complex subject like the Trinity, eschew technical jargon, and instead explain the doctrine in a fashion helpful to the non-specialist. The work contains a great deal of scholarship in its endnotes, but it makes that scholarship relevant to the individual believer. I believe that Christian scholarship, if it is to be honoring to God, must be directed toward His glory, and the edification of His Church. That’s what I tried to do with my dissertation.

9. Columbia Evangelical Seminary was “too young” to be accredited (White put the latter word in quotes).

10. A person’s scholarship is not determined by the name of the school he or she attended, but by the quality of that person’s writing, speaking, and teaching. Anyone who thinks that just because you went to Yale you must be a real scholar hasn’t put much thought into the subject. I ask only one thing: look at what I have written, all that I have written, and ask yourself one question: does the nature of the writing, the depth of the research, and the understanding of the subject, indicate a doctoral level of education? As I said above, anyone who wishes to question my degree need only stack up his or her published works against mine and demonstrate that I just haven’t done the work.”

Now, as a professional apologist who has no formal theological training whatsoever from a seminary or college, but tons of informal training and reading and writing and evangelization and apologetic experience on my own (so much that people often think I have a master’s or even doctorate degree in theology), I resonate with a lot of this reasoning, if taken in isolation from White’s overall point. I despise academic elitism and snobbishness and liberalism of every sort. I understand very well the distinction between academic credentials and ministerial work for the furthering of the Kingdom of God.

But where I must part company is in White’s simultaneous trashing of the conventional educational requirements, while still using the title of the degree (with all its attendant associations) and thus gaining all the prestige and wider hearing that comes from such credentials. I would say: “you can’t have it both ways. If you want to trash accreditation and the way education is done today, then do so, but then don’t turn around and use titles like ‘Th.D.’ as if you have done the work those with real Th.D’s have done. Make your anti-elitist, anti-secularist point, but then don’t hypocritically claim the title with such pride.” He seems to think all consideration of this question is merely a personal attack:

I recognized, when I enrolled with Columbia, that given the nature of my work in apologetics, I’d undoubtedly hear attacks upon my school and my scholarship because Columbia is too young to be “accredited.” Such ad-hominem argumentation is the norm for many of those with whom I have dealings. It wouldn’t matter where I go, or what school I attend, that kind of attack will follow. I have experience teaching in accredited schools, and a Master’s degree from Fuller Theological Seminary. That hasn’t stopped such folks from using ad-hominem argumentation against me. And any person that would be impressed by such argumentation isn’t going to be giving me a fair hearing anyway, and I can’t worry about that.

. . . various folks opposed to our work, and specifically antagonistic toward me personally, are using the wonderful resource of the Internet to make charges against me, . . .

In his reply to Gary Novak, one of White’s main gripes was that Novak had failed to contact him personally before writing his critique of his educational credentials:

I had never heard of the man, and to my knowledge, he had never even had the temerity to contact me and ask for my side of the story. As far as I can tell, he has no idea what work I did, nor how long it took, to complete those studies. While his page gives the appearance of having done his homework, all he really did was briefly visit the offices of Columbia Evangelical Seminary. If he really wanted to know the truth (and be truthful in his presentation), he missed a golden opportunity, for he failed to do the most important thing: talk to me.

. . . When I encountered Mr. Novak’s web page, I immediately scanned my outgoing mail for the past six months to see if he took the time to contact me. It seemed incumbent upon a person making the kinds of allegations Mr. Novak is making to be honest enough, and to show sufficient integrity, to do the necessary homework. My e-mail address is readily available, and since Mr. Novak links to our website, it’s obvious he knew how to contact me. But, no record existed of my writing a response to anyone with his e-mail address.

. . . Both he and Novak decided that it was totally disingenuous of me to assume that someone would bother to contact me before writing a hit piece about my doctoral work on the web.

I find this extremely interesting in light of the present controversy that White is embroiled in, concerning a Dr. Mark Seifrid. It seems that White now takes exactly the opposite view: he attacked Seifrid as a soteriological heretic (mainly over the issue of imputed justification, I believe, but I have only glanced at the critiques). Seifrid, of course, took issue with this, and objected that White had not contacted him personally before setting out to prove he was a serious heretic, outside Protestant or Baptist “orthodoxy” (whatever that is). Thus, Seifrid was in almost exactly the same position that White had been vis-a-vis Novak. But (amazingly) he doesn’t comprehend why Seifrid would have a desire to be contacted first before a “hit piece” was done on him in public. Seifrid wrote:

We Christians must be aware of the danger of depersonalization of our discourse which the Internet presents. Had they been true, the charges which James White brought against me in his blogs on his website would have resulted in my dismissal from Southern Seminary. A calling to teach here is contingent without qualification on fidelity to our confessional statement (“the Abstract of Principles”). Yet, as far as I can tell, before posting these charges Dr. White made no attempt to contact me to see if he had understood me correctly, or to ensure that he had understood the issues correctly, or to urge me to retract any statement I had made. Nor, as far as I know, did he contact Southern Seminary to express his concerns. Love surely requires that we seek to correct one another gently.

White shot back, in his “open letter” on his blog:

Have you contacted every person with whom you have disagreed in print? When you cite someone and say, “in opposition to…” do you stop and call them on the phone? Does anyone handle published materials in this fashion? Surely not. To my knowledge, sir, we have never met. I do not know you on a personal level. But you have placed in the public realm through the publication of a book your statements regarding what you call “Protestant orthodoxy.” Do you seriously expect every person who would see themselves in that camp to call you on the phone and have a “chat” prior to saying anything about what you have said in a published and publicly distributed book?

White clearly doesn’t get it. And this is nothing new. Those of us who have dealt with his apologetics and unsavory methods for years know that he is most reluctant to engage people on a personal, “non-debate” level. He has habitually refused to even eat lunch with Catholic apologists who asked him. On some occasions he wouldn’t even shake hands after a debate. He doesn’t want to call someone up, even when invited to do so (Jimmy Akin again noted this in a recent controversy with White). He won’t reciprocate apologies or follow up on good faith efforts at reconciliation.

In my case, he was far more interested in pulling me into an oral debate than personally reconciling, when we have had troubles in our “relationship” going all the way back to 1995. This is the “depersonalization” that Dr. Seifrid refers to. He is exactly right. The only difference between myself and Seifrid in White’s eyes, is that the latter is at least a Christian, whereas I am not. But I don’t see in Scripture a license to be rude and uncharitable, even to non-Christians, so that doesn’t let White off the hook.

White goes on and on and on in his self-defense against Novak in the third article linked above, yet I find it beyond bizarre and hilarious that whenever I make any defense of myself on my blog against White’s outright lies about me, or his silly caricature that he posted on his site, or his five-part critique of one radio appearance of mine, he mocks all that as mere empty “verbosity”, devoid of all “substance” whatsoever. I’m never supposed to defend myself against false charges, but White can do so ad nauseam when he feels he is being attacked. All of this smacks of an elitism and spiritual pride that is at odds with White’s self-perception as a selfless “man of the people” — devoting himself to the unlettered, biblically undereducated masses, teaching the Trinity, etc. He seems to assume a different set of ethics for himself, because, well, he is right, and the other guy is always wrong (and often deceptive as well, so he thinks).

But anyway, back to White’s Th.D. degree and whether it is legitimate. Gary Novak continues his searching criticisms:

Now “Dr.” White would like you to believe that CES is merely “too young to be ‘accredited.'” But the simple truth of the matter is that CES probably could not be accredited by a regular, recognized accrediting institution. (To its credit, CES is very open and up-front about its lack of accreditation.) One reason among many is that CES allows students to write their own syllabi. All of the class work is done off-campus . . . and the curriculum seems to be designed without the benefit of regular curriculum committees and reviews. Hence there are no fixed course competencies such as one would find in a traditional school.

. . . Does James White have a genuine doctorate? Here is what we know. The degree is granted by an unaccredited correspondence school. There are no set course syllabi; students write their own syllabi. CES has no library, student services or bookstore. The school has no curriculum committees and no course review procedures. There appears to have been no committee and no thesis or dissertation defense; the only signature in James White’s Masters Thesis is that of CES president, Rick Walston. White’s “contract” was also with Rick Walston. Does James White have a genuine doctorate? What do you think?

Novak then describes the routine procedures for the conventional attainment of a doctorate, and posts links for no less than 31 letters back and forth between he and White, from October 1998 on. Of course, it almost goes without saying, that White’s rhetoric became increasingly shrill and insulting as time went on. Hence (some typical examples):

[C]ould you let me know when you contacted me to ask me about my credentials? I mean, it would be unthinkable for someone to post something like you have on your page without asking me about your allegations. Such would be the yellowest of yellow journalism, and would tremendously damage your credibility. So, could you send me the e-mail where you inquired concerning the issues you raise on your web page? (October 16, 1998 1:27 PM)

[Y]our actions speak to the issue of motivation, and honesty. Your lack of research will, of course, figure in a response to your personal ad-hominem attack upon me. (October 16, 1998 6:11 PM)

For someone who didn’t think it necessary to contact me before calling my doctoral work “bogus,” you now seem downright fixated . . . you didn’t even bother to drop me a note indicating the presence of your hit-piece on me, so you have precious little reason to be impatient now. (October 20, 1998 10:52 AM)

. . . you have no interest in investing any of your time in honestly examining the issue . . . (December 11, 1998 6:08 AM)

Please have the kindness and maturity to either use the title of my earned degree, or refuse to do so. I find the use of quotations childish, disrespectful, and given that you know nothing of my work, egregiously silly. (December 17, 1998 8:51 PM)

I doubt your sincerity, Mr. Novak. I believe I have reason for so doubting it. (December 18, 1998 6:36 AM)

Since I have asked you to be courteous, and you cannot, and since you have no interest in the truth, nor in fairness, and are unwilling to engage in any meaningful give-and-take, I see no reason to continue our correspondence. (December 18, 1998 8:41 AM)

Novak’s lengthy web-reply showed many of White’s fundamental misunderstandings as to his critic’s opinion:

Now I am not interested in a whole host of issues with which “Dr.” White seems to believe are critical to any discussion of his Th.D. I am not interested in his books, articles, tapes and virtually all of the materials that he sells on his website and on the website of his church. The content and competence of those materials is not the issue. I am simply shelving that question for the time being. Neither am I calling into question “Dr.” White’s scholarship. As he correctly notes, scholarship and degrees are two separate things. Again, I am shelving that question for the time being. The one question with which I am interested is the validity of “Dr.” White’s Th.D. Did “Dr.” White do the things that normal doctoral students do to achieve his degree?

“Dr.” White loves strident language. Littered throughout his apologia one finds words like “strident,” “nasty,” “false religions,” “hysterical ranting,” “raving,” “sarcastic,” “disrespectful,” “attack” and “hit piece” to characterize my investigation of his doctorate. Clearly “Dr.” White has a point to make and is willing to pull all of the rhetorical stops to make it.

He noted the unanswered questions that White refused to deal with:

1. Did “Dr.” White take a class from anyone other than Rick Walston?
2. Who was on “Dr.” White’s dissertation committee?
3. Did “Dr.” White take a comprehensive exam?
4. If there was a comprehensive examination, what books were on the reading list?
5. Did “Dr.” White do a dissertation defense? If so, who sat on that committee?
6. Who, besides Rick Walston, signed “Dr.” White’s dissertation?
7. How were exams administered and proctored?
8. Did “Dr.” White have interaction with any other CES students involved in his program?
9. Was there any system of lectures? If so, how did they work?

Finally, Novak visited the fabled school where White received his “doctorate” and produced photographs of the campus (huh? no campus? . . . ) on a web page. The school consists of one office in a building, with two rooms. I have posted his pictures of the building and the actual school (i.e., the room) above.

ADDITIONAL DIALOGUES

MDHughes wrote:

I am a CES student, and anyone who would call CES a “diploma mill” has not the slightest idea of the incredibly heavy workload involved in getting a degree from CES . . . Seriously, who are people going to listen to in this matter man like Dr White, a respected elder and author, or someone who just seems obsessed with tearing him down by attacking his credentials? I would encourage anyone reading this stuff to visit Columbia’s website, email Dr Walston, and clear up these misrepresentations.

You’re entitled to your opinion. One hopes that you will actually make an argument and engage the topic. As for being obsessed with tearing down his credentials, I would note briefly that (as I stated before) I have never made this an issue until last night. I’ve heard about this for six years, but never cared about it, and used “Dr.” to refer to James White. But recently I became convinced that it is dishonest to act as if a doctorate was achieved, without the proper rigor and process. It is a slap in the face of others who have done so.

I’m also an author, of course, and not without some influence in the apologetic world. That is neither here nor there. White going on and on about his credentials and accomplishments wears thin after a while (and believe me, he does it constantly when encountering critics).

White said it himself, over and over: “don’t judge me by my degree, judge the work I have done.” Well, I have plenty of that, but I don’t see White engaging it. He refuses to do so. Ranting and raving on 4-5 webcasts about a talk which had ten points and about 3 minutes time alloted for each is not a proper critique. He needs to deal with my written papers on sola Scriptura which are many magnitudes more in-depth than that radio presentation.

So as usual, he applies a double standard.

Mark Bainter (aka “Shamgar”) defended Mr. White at length. His words will be in green. I replied with equal vigor:

Offensive Dave. Truly offensive. I thought I’d said enough on the prior post, but this . . .

Why is it offensive? And do you think any of the tons of garbage White has written about me “offensive” too? Just curious. We can either have a conversation, or just be ships passing in the night, like White and I are. White won’t do it; maybe you will actually talk and discuss things.

White thinks accreditation doesn’t matter, and the usual rigors of obtaining a doctorate irrelevant. Is that not a debatable topic? Using his reasoning, I could easily start calling myself“Doctor” (as someone here argued) because I have written about as much as he has, I think (he mocks how much I write all the time, and mocks my 12 books because they’re not all published like his are), and have done plenty of research and evangelism and teaching (i.e., “ministry”) for 23 years. But that would be dishonest because using such titles means something, and what it means is understood.

As I argued, I am not so opposed to White’s reasoning for what he did (many of his reasons make sense to me), as I am opposed to taking that stand and still trying to obtain the honor and respect that “Dr.” grants one. He wants it both ways.

***

Thanks for your long response. You do indeed show that you will have a conversation, and for that I commend you. Now on to particulars.

But first, let me ask you: why is it that James White cannot respond to such things himself, and always has to have some sort of representative or “papal legate” to give his side to things? If someone did a critique like this about me (on any belief or action of mine), you better believe I would be there as soon as I found out about it, and offer a counter-response. That’s just how it works in the intellectual sphere. Challenges are good: they keep us on our toes.

Wow Dave. This is a real low point for you.

I will read on to discover why you think that.

ME (previous): “I think this is a valid point, so I have decided to weigh in on this issue and present some hard evidence.”

Hrm…no…no, I don’t think that’s going to flush.

I see, so now I am lying or insincere or equivocating? Already you “argue” very much like White: upon strong disagreement: immediately attack the person’s word and their honor and claim that some kind of lying is taking place. This is a classic White tactic. He did it with me the first time we ever interacted, and we saw him do the same thing to Gary Novak. I’m sure he has also used it with Dr. Seifrid by now, as well. He’s used this tactic with virtually all the major Catholic apologists (Madrid, Akin, Keating, Ray, etc.) One can’t simply disagree with James without somehow being a lying scoundrel. I find this a fascinating approach to discourse with those who disagree. So you’re not off to a very good start.

This is a very old argument, and this point has been around for ages in regards to education of any sort.

What does that have to do with my particular opinion? Nothing, of course . . .

Instead, what I think we have here is a severely hurt ego.

I think what we have here is a severely wrong misunderstanding. Ego has nothing whatsoever to do with it. I couldn’t care less what White thinks of me because I have no intellectual respect for him. You can’t be hurt by people whom you don’t respect in the first place. I think he is a sophist and an intellectual coward, and have stated so for nine years now.

Obviously, this is just one mans opinion, but from where I sit, this is how I see it.

This is not a Christian method of analysis, I must say. Faced with a disagreement, you immediately move to (1) question my honesty, and (2) psychoanalyze my inner state of mind and heart and conclude that I have a bruised ego. You can’t ascertain the truth of either one, and it is wrong, anyway, by NT ethical standards. White himself objects when others do this to him, and I agree with him.

When I call him a sophist and a coward, that is by direct observation for nine years, based on repeated actions. I’ve demonstrated both many times over, as far as I am concerned. You may say I am judging him, too. Perhaps. But his behavior leaves me with no choice but to conclude these things. I wish it were otherwise. I hate to see sharp men waste their abilities by such unworthy actions.

In the present case, on the other hand, you have no basis to conclude these things based on the facts of the matter. You simply don’t have enough information. But the charges are implausible, anyway, as others in this thread have maintained.

I think you were very proud of your appearance on Catholic Answers [Live]. It’s really easy for all of us (we’re all human) to get into a place where we’re surrounded mostly by people who agree with us and thus think our points are valid.

I thought about it what I think about all my radio appearances so far: “I did okay.” It’s not that big of a deal to me because I don’t see myself as a speaker. In fact, I was gonna say when someone was criticizing me for being such a “poor speaker.” I don’t even consider these things “speaking” at all. I regard them as conversations, just like if you and I were sitting on a bus or a plane together and we started gabbing. I’m just giving my thoughts . . . Someone may like that or not, but it is not a “lecture” or a “talk” in the commonly understood sense of those terms. I’m a conversationalist. No more, no less.

Then Dr White had the temerity to bring challenges to your weak argumentation. Now, though it was not your desire, you were subjected to cross-examination and what you said didn’t hold water. Now your pride has been hurt, and you’re lashing out in response.

LOL You couldn’t be more wrong than you are. I explained my position on all this. Basically, I said: “this is a brief, introductory ten-point presentation of a complex issue. I had very little time, and not nearly enough. I’ve dealt with all these issues in much more depth elsewhere. If White wants to ‘cross-examine’ me, that is where he should go.”

I thought his replies were the usual fare from him: obfuscation, sophistry, non sequiturs, juvenile mockery habitually mixed in, and clever but fallacious argumentation. That being the case, I refused to spend much time counter-replying, with the exception of one point that I used as an example: the Jerusalem Council. I answered that at extreme length, and of course White ignored it. What else is new? Why don’t YOU try to reply to it, if you are so certain I am wrong, and since White won’t do so? It’s fine to talk about someone having a “weak” argument, quite another to demonstrate it. So I challenge you. You want to talk about “egos” and “hurt feelings.” I want to argue the ISSUES.

Well, I’m here to tell you Dave that this is despicable.

Thanks for your opinion. At least you have the guts to come here and express it, and I admire that, though you are dead-wrong in this instance.

Worse, you used the shoddy research and reasoning of Mormon apologists. You have sought to assist them in discrediting Dr White, only giving them further credibility in the eyes of others.

I stated clearly that the issue of educational credentials has nothing to do with Christian theology. You keep engaging in ad hominem: you attack my honesty and do psychoanalysis, and now you discount the entire case simply because it was made by a Mormon. If it is “shoddy,” then by all means, show us why, rather than dispute it simply because the source of it comes from folks of a different, non-Christian religion.

Particularly Mormons that might otherwise have been reached by Dr White’s work there.

I’ve done plenty of cult work myself. Don’t go there, is my advice. It won’t help your case and you will look rather silly.

Further supporting this argument is the end of your post where you admit that you are not calling into question the content or competence of his materials, or his scholarship. So, this is entirely an attempt to discredit him and his credentials.

It is an attempt to raise questions about whether his is a legitimate Th.D., yes, of course. Whether that discredits “him” is for individuals to determine. I think it is an improper use of the title “Dr.”

Yeah…I could be wrong, I’m certainly not able to see inside your head, but from this angle it sounds like your nursing a bruised ego.

Yep, you’re wrong. Since you admit this as a possibility, I take it that you will accept my report, then, and we can hopefully get back to substance.

ME (previous): “But where I must part company is in White’s simultaneous trashing of the conventional educational requirements, while still using the title of the degree (with all its attendant associations) and thus gaining all the prestige and wider hearing that comes from such credentials.”

This would be a valid point if Dr White were complaining that the standards were set too high. Or that there was no value whatsoever in higher education as an idea. These are not what he is saying though. Dr White’s assertion is that the standards are too LOW, and the work he did in his studies surpassed that of most Doctoral Candidates. He worked harder for his degree than others.

I could say the same for myself. In fact, much of my work over the last 23 years was for no pay at all. So if White wants to play this “I worked so hard and did all this ministry” card, I can match him all down the line. I could claim a “doctorate” on that score just as he does (and many have thought that I indeed have one). But you don’t see me doing it, do you? Quite the contrary: I take pains to say loudly that I am no scholar and have no formal theological education. But I do claim some significant knowledge and expertise of my topics from my own individual studies and apologetic experience. That is simply not what a degree is about.

I think most of these things White refers to in terms of his ministry efforts are helpful and valuable. I respect much of his non-anti-Catholic work, and have said so many times, on the record: whether it is anti-cult, or opposing KJV-only nuts, or liberal scholars, or pro-life or pro-family. That’s all great stuff. I agree with his Mormon critic that he seems like a great husband and father and no doubt he loves Jesus and cares for his flock as an elder. None of that is at issue at all. It is strictly a matter of how and when one should claim a “doctorate” degree, and what is entailed by that. How can you claim your own honorary degree? That is, in effect, what James is doing. He says, basically, “I don’t care if it is accredited or gained by the usual methods or not. I worked harder than most others who have a ‘real’ degree, so I am claiming it as my right.” This is absurd . . .

He did more work, and he actually made his work useful to more than a handful of people, while still having to pass the same scrutiny.

It wasn’t the same scrutiny; that is the issue. I agree with him that dissertations ought to be more practically useful. I think that is a great point. But whether his is actually a dissertation is the dispute. It may be a fine work indeed (since it is about the Trinity, I’m sure it is), but it is not a dissertation, any more than me calling one of my twelve books a “dissertation” would be valid.

His other major reason for “trashing” academia today is the complete lack of accountability to the local church. This is not expressed in a desire to do away with all higher learning. There is no need for him to eschew a degree from an institution that rejects theological liberalism, and is accountable just to make that point.

I think he makes a lot of good points in his critique of liberal and academic excesses and errors, but that does not make his degree legitimate.

Then you again try to harp on the Seifrid issue obviously still not bothering to really find out what’s going on. It’s all there, you don’t even have to talk to Dr White to read it.

Of course, that was one limited point of analogy: White complained about his critic not contacting him, but then he was amazed when someone he criticized expressed the exact same thing. This point is valid regardless of the subject matter under dispute, because it is an ethical and procedural matter, not a theological one.

Considering how much you write you’d think you’d have time to do a little research before commenting.

Why do I have to do research for a simple comparison of x with y? I don’t. The larger subject matter is completely irrelevant to that.

Instead, you again fail to compare apples to apples. Novak was attacking Dr White’s credentials. He was making assertions regarding the work Dr White did for his doctorate, and since he didn’t contact Dr White, he obviously had no source whatsoever to support his assertions.

One needn’t necessarily contact the individual if the program he went through is consulted.

In the case of Dr White and Dr Seifrid, Dr White is discussing a published work of Dr Seifrid’s. He is discussing the content of that work, not how long it took him to write it, not whether or not he’s qualified to write it.

That doesn’t change the hypocrisy of White: he complained about not being contacted, but then he didn’t contact his target, in such a serious matter which would place Dr. Seifrid outside “Protestant orthodoxy” and possibly get him fired. If anything, the Seifrid case is far MORE serious than discussing White’s bogus degree. White was in no danger of being fired or considered a heretic.

ME: “he attacked Seifrid as a soteriological heretic.”

Source please. If you want to make a statement like this, you better have some documentation on exactly where Dr White accused him of being a heretic. I’ve read all of his blog entries on this, and didn’t see that show up anywhere. I saw questions. You claim to despise academic snobbery, but it sounds like you’re saying that if one has the temerity to question a scholar on a published work, that it’s the same as attacking him and decrying him as a heretic.

Sure (though this is a side issue and a waste of my time; I’ll do it anyway):

[White’s words will be in blue]

As time allows, I wish to continue reviewing these comments and considering this form or presentation which questions, and ultimately rejects, the Reformed teaching on the imputation of the righteousness of Jesus Christ. (7/9/04: Dr. Seifrid on Imputation)

[if one rejects the “Reformed” teaching on so-and-so, one is a heretic in Reformed eyes vis-a-vis so-and-so — in this case imputation]

One could wish these words were not being written ‘within the camp,’ but such is the situation we face today . . . We must reject Seifrid’s mischaracterization of both the biblical evidence and the theology of the Reformation. (7/10/04 “More in Response to Southern Seminary Professor’s Denial of Imputed Righteousness”)

[Seifrid denies what White thinks is plainly biblical and the theology of the Reformation with regard to imputation. “Heretic” doesn’t mean “damned” or “non-Christian,” it means, strictly-speaking, “picking and choosing.” So if Seifrid denies a key doctrine of the “Reformation,” he is a heretic insofar as he does so, with regard to that one doctrine]

I confess, reading this coming from “inside” the camp makes one feel very much like Mel Gibson’s character in We Were Soldiers when he sent out the “broken arrow” notification: the lines had collapsed and it was no longer possible to tell friend from foe. (7/11/04)

[“Friend and foe,” huh”? Already, the discussion becomes a dramatic battle for good and evil and we know that White is always the White Knight slaying the evil heretics within the camp. Note the quotes around the word inside . . . White later used this metaphor on 7-18-04 with reference to Clark Pinnock, who is an extremely liberal process theologian. Draw your own conclusions . . .]

You have conservative denials of elements of what we thought we all agreed on, and you have non-conservative denials as well. (7-31-04)

But one thing is for sure: I’m simply amazed that a few blog entries interacting with a theologian’s denial of what used to be assumed to be a central, important aspect of theological teaching and belief (the imputation of the righteousness of Christ to the believer as the sole ground of his or her standing before God, not as some separate thing outside of Christ, but as a vitally important truth regarding why we have true and full peace with God through Christ) could produce such an amazing amount of ‘chatter.’ . . .

. . . This continued, we believe, erroneous representation of historic Reformed theology’s presentation of the truth of justification and especially the reality of the imputation of the “alien righteousness” of Christ to the believer continues on page 176, . . .

And it is just here that we see one of the main problems that arises when the world’s view of scholarship invades the church: the great truths of the gospel itself become mere ‘theological paradigms’ to be discussed in the classically academic fashion, but never to be passionately defended, never to be discussed in such a way that it might just be said that someone is wrong in what they are saying. What is worse, it seems that in that all-too-common context, one can hold almost any position, and then ‘nuance’ it enough to make it ‘fit’ into any confessional mold, even if it is self-evidently not what the original writers of confessional statements intended. Such a framework is death to meaningful apologetics, and, we would further add, to the clear proclamation of the truth in the church. (8-25-04)

I expressed the same thoughts in that context, disagreeing strongly with the assertion on Seifrid’s part that to speak of imputation in the way Reformed theologians have presented it for centuries is to go beyond the biblical warrant . . .

The doctrine under discussion is vital, central, and precious. Serious pastoral practice cannot pass over the debate in silence, for it speaks to the very ground of our peace with God. It impacts the proclamation of the gospel, the message of salvation to be preached by the church . . . My concern is indeed deeply personal, for the issue goes to that which is central to my faith and life, the doctrine of justification itself. I confess I do not seek to be dispassionate about the gospel, . . . (8-30-04)

How can I say I believe sola scriptura and then turn around and say the heart of the gospel is a Protestant addition that is unbiblical and in fact misleading? And so I will respond, . . . (9-13-04)

I believe passionately in the very elements of ‘traditional Protestant orthodoxy’ you seem to wish to say are sub-biblical or simply non-biblical . . .

But might we agree on at least one thing? Would you agree that the distinctives you maintain over against “Protestant orthodoxy” would preclude you from being an elder in a Reformed Baptist Church that uses the London Baptist Confession of Faith of 1689? Does not that confession embody the very same “Protestant orthodoxy” that you seek to differentiate your own views from in Christ, our Righteousness? (9-14-04; An Open Letter to Mark Seifrid, Part I)

The nature of justification, imputation, and the nature of the righteousness imputed to us is part and parcel of the message of the cross. Hence, since I find your views confusing and in fact in error, and since I find them causing confusion for others, I will not ‘back down’ when told to do so when that command does not include the very necessary answers to the very issues at the heart of the controversy. (9-15-04; Response to Seifrid, Part II)

Is that sufficient, or do you have to actually have the word “heretic”? I was not trying to imply that the actual word was there, but the concept (which certainly is, all over the place).

Then I read your selections of Dr White’s supposed nastiness. Wow. Debilitating. Horrible. I’m all white-faced and trembling before the shocking diatribes. My goodness, how can that poor Mr Novak even stand to get up in the morning after abuse like that! I’m about to pass out just reading it!

If you can read all that I and others have documented of White’s slanders and personal insults and conclude he never does this, I must say that I am extremely impressed by your ability to deny reality. What more can one say? Some things are self-evident and require no argument.

Now, all of these issues have been fully addressed in the past. I will provide some thoughts of my own on accreditation however. Have you seen the statistics on what people in seminaries today believe about Christianity? The percentages of people who don’t believe in hell, don’t believe in the Trinity, don’t believe in the deity of Christ?

Sure; that’s not my issue.

We’re not even talking about distinctives between you and me here Dave. These people walk in normal healthy Christians and come out with twisted liberal theology, with degrees from accredited schools. Fat lot of good that little seal did them.

I agree. I would never suggest that anyone attend a liberal college. This has nothing to do with our topic.

CES is concerned with practical education. No, a doctorate from them doesn’t mean the same thing as from some other institutions. But it does mean something.

Great, but just don’t call it a doctorate.

There are quite a few of us that have problems with the entire academic model. Those in other instutions don’t like this, for obvious reasons. They paid a fortune for their worthless education, and now they’re bitter towards those who paid a reasonable price, and got a good education and now have an effective ministry that actually touches the lives of real people.

I have no vested interest in academia, since I am not in it, and I make no bones about criticizing academics when they deserve it. Few are less impressed by mere academic credentials (absent rational argument and demonstration) than I am. And I speak as one who has been active in ministry for over 23 years. I have no beef with that. I think it is great.

This whole argument of being at the school, having resources there, etc is baloney. Resources are available everywhere, you don’t need a schools library to do research. you don’t need a classroom to learn.

That’s right. But there is such a thing as a college, and it means a certain thing.

My wife and I homeschool 4 children.

So do we.

We definitely aren’t accredited. Yet I’d put our kids education up against most, if not all, private school kid’s education any day, let alone public schools.

So would we. This has nothing to do with a doctorate. Would you teach them enough to gain a doctorate degree and use the title “Dr.” also? I highly doubt it.

For a long time, people like us were similarly put down, and marginalized. Yet in time, colleges began to notice that homeschooled kids were better candidates. To the point where major institutions like Yale not only accept them, but seek them out.

No argument there, but off-topic.

I think given time, and some more proliferation of schools of its type, schools like CES will see the same kind of benefits. There is no reason to put yourself in debt to your eyeballs just to try and get an education in theology.

And there is no reason to act as if you earned a doctorate when you didn’t. One can become educated all they like in theology. I did it, with a minimum of expense. But I don’t call myself a “doctor” because I wrote a book. See the difference?

As for the rest, I’ll let someone better acquainted with Dr White and with his history and time at the school address the specifics if they so desire. I don’t know, and I don’t care. I have read what he has written, and held it up to the light of scripture. I have seen the work that he has done, and its results. I have watched his interactions with others, and on occaision with me, and that is sufficent. His work stands on its own.

Be that as it may, it has nothing to do with the question at hand.

One more thing…you decry his comments to Dr Seifrid, which I’ve already noted contained no personal attacks.

Apparently, you’ve never seen a personal attack that you regarded as one.

You’ve also supported the argument it seems that he should’ve contacted Dr Seifrid.

I think that in a case that serious, Dr. Seifrid is right, and Mr. White should have done so. I don’t think it is necessary to personally contact everyone who has something out in public. The public nature of it is sufficient to be critiqued. But my own opinion on the matter was irrelevant to my analogy. White had a double standard, because he complained about not being contacted, then blew off Dr. Seifrid’s exact same concerns. The only difference is what side of the dispute White happens to be on at the moment.

I’m curious. Did you contact Dan Rather?

I don’t believe it is necessary in this instance, per the above.

Was your statement that he’s gone “cuckoo” made in love and with respect?

No, it was made with humor and sarcasm, according to the accepted “rules” of political satirization.

Or do your standards only apply to Dr White?

Political satire is a far cry from accusing one of serious heresy.

Or is it only if you question theologians, but newscasters are fair game? What’re the rules here Dave?

Again, one is a well-known journalist who is almost certainly upholding documents which are forgeries. It is entirely proper to satirize the stonewalling going on there. You want to talk about mockery and satire? What do you think of White’s caricature of me where he had me doing voodoo and wishing him bodily harm and gleefully laughing about it, and his public accusations that I am some sort of twisted weirdo who hates him (all based on lies)? Or about Patrick Madrid being stoned to death in a “non-violent” caricature? Good grief!

I don’t see that there is anything here which overthrows my opinion at all. But thanks for sharing your opinion.

*****

In Mr. White’s third piece, “Of Gary Novak and the Columbia River”, we see how he (inevitably) reduces the discussion to a merely personal level and engages in further obfuscation of the issues and non sequitur. He begins with a reiteration of the genetic fallacy (an idea is false simply because of its origin):

Over the years I have come to the conclusion that the more fair you are in your criticisms of a false religion, the more strident will be the response. That does not sound logical, does it? Normally, you would think that if I were to engage in hysterical ranting and raving in criticizing such a group, that would increase the likelihood of a strident, nasty response. But that simply has not been my experience.

I can certainly relate to nasty cultists, but this has nothing to do with the subject at hand, which is not Mormonism, but whether White’s Th.D. is legitimate (so why does White commence his reply with such a non sequitur?). Even if we grant that Mr. Novak was a nasty scoundrel, it still doesn’t affect the question at hand. It is simply an extraneous factor to ponder and consider.

Then he repeated his insistence that he should have been contacted first (a charitable courtesy that he refused to grant to Dr. Mark Seifrid in his current controversy with the latter over imputed justification):

I had never heard of the man, and to my knowledge, he had never even had the temerity to contact me and ask for my side of the story . . . If he really wanted to know the truth (and be truthful in his presentation), he missed a golden opportunity, for he failed to do the most important thing: talk to me.

White posted a letter from Novak, where he asked:

“Why would I need to question you about your credentials via email?”

And White replied:

I think the terms ‘fairness,’ ‘honesty,’ and ‘integrity’ have something to do with it, Mr. Novak.

Novak again:

“And why would it be ‘unthinkable’ to respond to your webpage without contacting you?”

Bishop White:

Generally, most folks take the time to make sure of their facts before attacking someone’s work, that’s all. Again, possibly I follow a code of behavior that is old and passe? I mean, my e-mail address was well known to you. It would have been fairly easy, if, of course, you wanted the ‘whole story.’
. . . Both he and Novak decided that it was totally disingenuous of me to assume that someone would bother to contact me before writing a hit piece about my doctoral work on the web.

Now, to refresh readers’ memory, here is what White recently wrote to Dr. Mark Seifrid in an open letter, after attacking his work and making out that he is a soteriological heretic:

Now, sir, many have pointed out, upon reading your statements, that they simply do not make a lot of sense on a practical level. Have you contacted every person with whom you have disagreed in print? When you cite someone and say, ‘in opposition to…’ do you stop and call them on the phone? Does anyone handle published materials in this fashion? Surely not. . . . Do you seriously expect every person who would see themselves in that camp to call you on the phone and have a ‘chat’ prior to saying anything about what you have said in a published and publicly distributed book? (Open Letter, Part I, 9-14-04)

So the “need to contact” version of James White obviously occurs when he is on the receiving end of serious criticism, but “no need to contact” White #2 shows up when he is critiquing someone else in at least as serious of a matter (outright heresy, as he sees it — enough to warrant about ten lengthy treatments on his blog, and an official reply from a seminary).

White goes on and on in his Open Letters to Seifrid about how he wasn’t engaging in “personal attack” but simply honestly disagreeing. Yet he blithely assumes that this is the entire motivation of Gary Novak when he questions his credentials:

Speculate as you wish: your actions speak to the issue of motivation, and honesty. Your lack of research will, of course, figure in a response to your personal ad-hominem attack upon me. While some could care less, the honest person, who really does want to know both sides, will take your lack of concern to ‘get it right’ to heart.

Novak opined (already clearly familiar with White’s usual reply to any criticism):

“Please let us now hear about how everything is a personal cheap shot directed at you.”

And White replies:

Well, if you wish to identify your writings in that way, I won’t stop you.

LOL! White goes on to defend his degree based on hours of work and numbers of published books:

So far, then, my own program, combining an ‘accredited’ M.A. and a non-accredited Th.M., has amounted to more than four times the number of credit hours Mr. Novak has indicated. But there’s more. My doctoral program included the writing of six nationally published books. Most doctoral programs require papers and a dissertation. Four of those six books would, taken individually, be substantially longer than many standard dissertations. And while they are written at a popular level so as to communicate with their audience (major publishers do not publish books written so that only a few people could possibly read them), anyone who takes the time to examine the endnotes and the sources used (something that, again, Mr. Novak ‘skipped’ in his research) can see that they required extensive study and research. They do, in fact, demonstrate an ability to do first-level research in my chosen field: apologetics.

I’ve already noted that if the main qualification White cites as having earned his doctorate is number of apologetic words written, then I could easily have earned a doctorate also, maybe two. If hours of work put in, in apologetics and ministry are key, I can match him there, too. Length of books? Ditto. He talks about how they are written on a popular level (so are mine), but “required extensive study and research” (same here). The only difference is that White has more published works. I’m behind him in that regard, but he got a ten-year start on me. I had to wait a bit and go through the usual frustrations of most authors.

White seems to have been spared that, and I am happy for him, believe me, despite all our conflicts. But then I can claim to have had a rather significant effect on the public by means of my website, which has received many thousands of hits in the last seven-and-a-half years. If these are the reasons why his degree is legitimate (apart from accreditation and proper review) then I ought to start calling myself “Dr. Armstrong” today. But remember, this is white’s reasoning, not mine. I am only demonstrating how, by his reasoning, I can claim a doctorate by almost all the same criteria that he claims in his own case.

White appeals to his Masters degree from Fuller Seminary. But that is not in dispute. Another non sequitur . . . He agrees with the goodness of “examination of the thesis by a group of professors” and indeed state (italics his):

There is everything to be said for the necessity of such examination. It is indeed one of the main advantages of campus-based education to have a ready cache of such folks available.

So far so good. But then his reasoning immediately breaks down again:

You see, one of the reasons I am so thankful to the Lord for how he has worked to join my educational experience with my ministry work is that the results of that work are open for the whole world to see. That is, since the majority of my doctoral work has been published by one of the largest and best Christian publishers in the United States, I can simply point to a pile of work and say, ‘Well, there it is! If you wish to demonstrate a problem, get busy.’ That is, I don’t have four or five folks reviewing my work. I have thousands. Mr. Novak is right: his thesis has probably been read by half a dozen people, grand total, in the world. My Th.M. thesis has been read by multiplied thousands, and I can tell you this: a number of them were anything but friendly to me.

Wow! Where to begin? So now a doctorate degree and use of the prestigious title “Dr.” is justified by:

1) The link of one’s study to ministry.
2) Numbers of laypeople (not professors or academic peers) who see this work.
3) Being published by a reputable publisher.
4) Thousands of lay “reviewers” vs. academic reviewers.
5) Readers who are hostile and take a different view.

Well, if this is true, then again, I pass on all five counts, with flying colors. I would be able to start calling myself “Dr.” too. I consider all of my work (many hundreds of papers and 12 books and dozens of published articles, among other things) “ministry.” Lots of folks have read my stuff; I’ve been published twice now by one of the most reputable Catholic publishers: Sophia Institute Press, and twice by the largest and perhaps most influential one: Our Sunday Visitor, and have had articles in all the leading Catholic apologetic periodicals (This Rock, Envoy, The Catholic Answer).

I have plenty of severe critics (many whipped up by White’s own lies and disinformation about me). One can see a few in these very threads (one called me “scum” — that’s a new low). There are many others like me, too, of course, in both the Protestant and Catholic worlds, who don’t start claiming that they have doctorate degrees because they have done a lot of work in apologetics and have “thousands of reviewers.” It’s ludicrous. G.K. Chesterton had no earned degree at all, not even a Bachelor’s degree. But based on this criteria he should have had five degrees (he was granted at least one honorary degree, but that is something different from what White claims).

Mr. White goes on to compare legitimate peer review to “lay review”:

While Mr. Novak’s professors would feel a need to be rigorous in their review (if they really had time to be), it is highly doubtful that his work was exposed to the refutations of those who hate him with unrelenting hatred.

I see. So if hatred (another constant theme in White’s dealing with his critics — so much so that a suspicion of literal paranoia might perhaps be justified) is a particularly important qualification to receive a doctoral degree, then President Bush must have fifty of them. Rush Limbaugh (who also never finished college, as I recall) would have 750. I would (arguably) have quite a few myself (see the negative comments on my sidebar about myself). All of this is completely irrelevant. White’s reasoning and self-justification have become increasingly ludicrous.

Anyone who has read the web pages written about me by KJV Only advocates knows what I mean when I say that my work has been reviewed by those tremendously hostile to me and my position.

Then great will be White’s reward in heaven for the persecution endured. It has nothing to do with whether he has a genuine degree. And it is astonishingly embarrassing to even have to point this out to him.

The same is true of many of the books written as part of my doctoral work: The Roman Catholic Controversy has been cited in numerous works since its publication, . . .

So now being cited is another criterion for a doctorate degree . . . this gets stranger by the minute. If I had read this nonsense three years ago, surely I would have changed my position on White’s “doctorate” then. But better late than never.

. . . and can anyone seriously think that a work like Mary—-Another Redeemer? will not be held up to serious scrutiny as well?

Sure, it will (but what that has to do with obtaining a doctorate is lost on me).

. . . given the fact that I was involved in front-line apologetic work all through the time I was working with CES, we all recognized that my work was going to be reviewed over and over again by those with a very, very big ax to grind.

More irrelevancies. By this “reasoning,” those with the most reviews of a book on amazon.com (especially hostile ones!) would have earned advanced degrees.

And, of course, since the published versions of my work are sent to a wide variety of scholars and writers for their review and endorsement, one might well point out that there is more review throughout the process I underwent than there would be in a normal university situation.

Oh, right. Let me get this straight: if a scholar reviews a book, then that is the equivalent of the grueling process of academic review of a dissertation at an accredited university. A-ha! Why didn’t anyone think of that before? One must at least credit White for sheer chutzpah and an original (almost singularly unique) mind indeed.

The only meaningful criticism that could possibly be raised against my dissertation is this: it is not ‘focused’ enough. That is, conventional wisdom is that your dissertation topic must be very narrow, very focused, and the resultant work must be extremely in-depth, showing an ability to do original research. Such is the standard dissertation. And while there is more than sufficient scholarship in my dissertation as far as original languages, or in-depth discussion is concerned, I gladly and openly confess that it is not your every-day dissertation. The ‘Trinity’ is FAR too wide a topic to qualify in most doctoral programs. Of that we can all be sure.

So now White gets to define what a dissertation is! His view is radical and controversial, but of course, he glories in that, because it is all for the sake of the Kingdom. He is influencing people by his work, so it is a dissertation, and indeed, more so than the obscure, irrelevant rot that most doctoral candidates produce: stuff that sits in an obscure corner of an ivory tower library, gathering dust and affecting few or none.

Again, I am delighted that White has defended the Holy Trinity and helped thousands to better understand it. That’s wonderful. I commend him. There ought to be a hundred books of such crucial importance. But none of this demonstrates that this work is a doctoral dissertation. One can’t simply change the rules as to what a dissertation is. It is not an arbitrary matter, subject to one person’s revision and overhaul.

What better dissertation could I write for a Th.D. in apologetics than a unique, helpful, solid work providing a focused, biblical defense of the single doctrine most often attacked by cultists and unbelievers?

Just call it a “paper” or a “book” rather than Th.D. dissertation and I dare say no one would have any problem with it at all. The work itself or its utility are not at issue: only the dishonest reference to it as a dissertation.

Mr. Novak is rather inconsistent to refer to my work as ‘bogus’ when I more than adequately met his standards for what one must do for an advanced degree, . . .

You have?!?! I must have missed it. But I’ll keep reading in hopes of finding a justification that can stand up to scrutiny.

I do have one thing to point out. When did I become the issue?

I must have missed that, too. I thought we were talking about the nature of your claimed degree, Mr. White, not you. Maybe that is a subtle difference that you find exceedingly difficult to grasp, but not all of us are logically challenged in such a way.

Why don’t I find Mr. Novak providing a meaningful response to my latest book, Is the Mormon My Brother?

I have no idea. Good question. But what does it have to do with the topic?

Yet, LDS apologists choose only to attack me personally rather than deal with the documentation in the book. Why? The answer is simple. Ad-hominem is the stock-in-trade of defenders of Mormonism.

Maybe so, but again, this has nothing to do with an analysis of White’s eccentric reasoning about degrees. That can be done without attacking him personally. Even if Novak stooped to personal attack (or if I have, inadvertently — all of us being human and subject to sin), there are still many substantive issues here to be dealt with that do not get erased by these patented bait-and-switch tactics of Mr. White.

It is little more than the throwing of dirt and dust to obscure the issues. I invite the reader to consider well how in politics the person who has lost the debate immediately turns to this kind of desperate argument.

And I invite the reader to wonder why it is that Mr. White almost invariably does so as well, and why it is that he (and/or his followers) can’t be made to see that?

Students do write their own syllabi—in conjunction with, and with the approval of, the student’s mentor. The two are to work together to craft a program that will meet the student’s needs, but it is the student who is responsible for putting the final form together, not the mentor.

How convenient . . . perhaps they grade themselves too? This sounds more and more like the typical liberal sort of education that I am sure White would despise.

Mr. White says that his “dissertation” was also signed by Phil Fernandes, in addition to Rick Walston. Good, so now there are two people. Most universities require more people than that. But then, White cares little about such facts, because it is ministry and that doesn’t matter . . . it’s almost as if White wants to be educated, yet retain the traditional animus and anti-intellectual, anti-institutional bent of fundamentalism. That works well in the anti-Catholic milieu in which he moves. It’s a very strange, contradictory mixture of divided allegiance.

I shall leave it simply at this: how many professors in theology have the list of publications that I can present, and in as many different fields?

That would apply to me as well. Shall I start calling a bunch of my work a “dissertation”?

The educational system moves slowly, and is only now beginning to recognize the need to move away from the centralized/single campus mode to the satellite/campus and distance-education mode. Till distance education becomes more prevalent, those of us who take advantage of it will have to do two things: 1) prove our scholarship directly by what we write and teach (rather than by institutional association), and 2) recognize that being ‘politically incorrect’ will preclude us from ‘crossing over’ and gaining the acceptance of those who could, in fact, get the government to help them pay for their education. At the same time, we will have to trust that the serious minded person will recognize that everyone should be evaluated on the same standards: that is, that scholarship should not be accorded some special privilege just because of an institutional association.

Again, White wishes to redefine the way things are normally done. He is quite welcome to believe whatever he likes, but to then insist on making this the new norm for what a “doctoral degree” means, and what it consists of, is wishful thinking (to put it mildly).

It is not hard to figure out the reason why Gary Novak, a Mormon associated with FARMS, would wish to put up on the Web such a one-sided article aimed solely at me on a personal level . . . Well, the reason is obvious: their standard means of responding to criticism is to attack the critic, not the issue at hand.

Granted, it may be partly personal, because it is questioning his honesty in one respect (mainly terminology and self-titles). But it is not “solely” a personal issue because a popular-level work on the Trinity is not exactly the sort of work that is normally considered a “dissertation.” It is this changing of the conventional definitions of terms which is at issue. One can’t simply change the definition and act like nothing has happened. Life just doesn’t work that way.

ADDENDUM: Comments from blog visitor Patrick

It is perfectly legitimate, even I think, important, to point out that White does not have a real Th.D. And that’s all that’s at issue in your post. It is easy for people to read White’s self-defenses and get all confused about the real issue, since he engages in a little obfuscation in those pieces. For example, he writes,

All I ask of the Lord is that The Forgotten Trinity have the same impact that I know to be true of other books such as Letters to a Mormon Elder or The Roman Catholic Controversy: the salvation of the lost. I consider it an honor to be allowed to write a work that can help someone know God better and grow in His grace.

Although I find his grasp of Catholicism profoundly lacking, I nevertheless applaud this approach to one’s work. It is the approach I seek to have, though I am not always successful in dying to self. But how is this sentiment in any way relevant to his decision to pursue a doctoral degree? It isn’t. We know that he already had a writing regimen in place before his enrollment in CES, and we know, in fact, that he built his “degree” program around his writing regimen. He writes, for example:

Most importantly for me, I was able to design a program around my writing projects, making classes out of entire books.

He also says,

Soon after graduating from Fuller I was asked to start teaching on the undergraduate level. This gave me the opportunity to “stay fresh” in the classroom. Further, I began writing in 1989, which likewise took a large portion of my time. I began writing for Bethany House in 1993, and with the release of The King James Only Controversy I began to see that the Lord was opening doors of ministry through writing and speaking that I had never envisioned. This further caused me to realize that my future in ministry did not lie in full time teaching in a seminary or university, but in the communication of solid Christian truth to the Church as a whole, primarily through my local church, secondarily by the ministry of writing to a much wider audience.

Therefore, we can conclude that his being “allowed” to write his books had absolutely nothing to do with his pursuit of the “degree.” His desire to glorify God with his scholarship, admirable as it is, simply does not translate into any impetus for pursuing a degree. White comes close to acknowledging this fact when he writes,

Since I saw that I was not headed for the classroom full time, but instead my classroom teaching would always remain secondary to my ministry in apologetics and in writing, the lack of formal governmental accreditation was not overly relevant.

I say he comes close to acknowledging it: there’s a bit of subtle misdirection going on in this passage (intentional or otherwise). He tries to make the issue one of accredited vs. non-accredited. But that’s not the issue at all. The issue is: what is the degree for at all? He doesn’t need the degree to pursue the work he believes God has called him to: this is obvious, since he was already doing that work prior to even entering into the degree program, and indeed his degree program consisted largely in simply continuing to do that work. So what’s it for at all?

Once again, the issue isn’t accreditation. I don’t give two bits whether a university is accredited. The problems with White’s degrees isn’t that CES isn’t accredited. It is that the program isn’t even close to equivalent to a real doctoral program. Again, White, in effect, openly admits this, writing:

Mr. Novak seems to have forgotten to ask what kind of review my work has been exposed to. And it is just here that the silliness of Mr. Novak’s personal attacks becomes so obvious. You see, one of the reasons I am so thankful to the Lord for how he has worked to join my educational experience with my ministry work is that the results of that work are open for the whole world to see. That is, since the majority of my doctoral work has been published by one of the largest and best Christian publishers in the United States, I can simply point to a pile of work and say, “Well, there it is! If you wish to demonstrate a problem, get busy.” That is, I don’t have four or five folks reviewing my work. I have thousands.

That’s great, Mr. White, but so does any columnist for Cosmo. The question isn’t how many readers you have, but, rather who is reviewing the work, for what purpose, and under what circumstances. The readers of popular works like White’s simply aren’t scrutinizing the work in the same way, for the same reasons, and with the same kinds of abilities that dissertation readers will scrutinize it. (Trust me on this one!) The dissertation is, in effect, a scholarly rite of passage. In it, you demonstrate that you can perform as a member of a profession. (The purpose is generally not to write a book that will be a “help” to anyone, though if you can do that in addition, that’s great.)

White’s works, whatever their merits, are not like that. They just aren’t. The fact that he thinks a popular book is in any way the equal to a dissertation simply shows that he has no grip on what academia is all about. And that’s proof enough for me that his degree program was bogus, irrespective of how much work he did as part of the program. Because, again, the amount of work is completely beside the point. The issue is how the work is focused. An unaccredited school may very well be just as good at, or better than, many accredited schools in producing scholars. But CES isn’t even in the business of producing scholars. (Not if White’s experience is representative of the way their programs work, anyway.)

I am a firm advocate of correspondence schooling. I’ve taken some correspondence courses myself, and I think they can be great. A good correspondence course can definitely help you with “expanding your knowledge of the Word and improving your ability to teach and minister in the Church.” (link)

I hope and trust that White’s experience at CES did just this for him, and I hope it will continue to do so for many other students. I just hope they’ll stop pretending to be doing more than this. I hope they’ll stop pretending to be producing scholars. After all, isn’t “expanding your knowledge of the Word and improving your ability to teach and minister in the Church” enough? What’s the need for the “degree”? White never mentions a need for a degree, for instance, when he writes,

There is a fundamental dichotomy between the ultimate goals of God-centered education and man-centered education, and the more faithful we are to taking every thought captive to the obedience of Christ in our lives, the more “out of phase” we will be with the world around us,

or when he writes,

before I have the first concern for what someone thinks of my schooling, degrees, or academic standing, I am concerned about what God thinks of my fidelity to what He has called me to do. He has called me to serve in the fellowship of the Phoenix Reformed Baptist Church, first as a member, now as an elder in that local church. He has called me to direct Alpha and Omega Ministries, and to engage in Christian apologetics. And he has called me to love my wife Kelli, father my children and raise them in a godly home, and to be a proper and respectful son in my parent’s later years. If obeying God’s will means I need to express my scholarship in a way that some dislike, I have to weigh their opposition against God’s clear leading and will. And for a Christian man, there isn’t any question as to what the result of that evaluation will be.

He’s right, too; you don’t need a degree for any of that. So, um, why’s he gotta claim to have one? That’s all I’m asking.

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2020-05-23T15:45:24-04:00

Original Title: James White’s Critique of My Book, The Catholic Verses: Part VI: Penance

Catholic Verses (550x834)

[full book and purchase information]

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(1-2-05)

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My Introduction to the Series [12-29-04]

Part I: Binding Tradition [12-30-04]

Part II: Rabbit Trail Diversion [12-30-04]

Part III: Ad Hominem [12-31-04]

Part IV: I’m an Ignorant Convert? [12-31-04]

Part V: Deceiver Dave [1-1-05]

Part VI: Penance and Redemptive Suffering [1-2-05]

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[White’s URL’s: Part I / Part II / Part III] His words will be in blue:

***

Chapter Nine of The Catholic Verses deals with the subject of Penance. Four passages are presented in this brief chapter, specifically:

Philippians 3:10 that I may know Him and the power of His resurrection and the fellowship of His sufferings, being conformed to His death; (cf. Gal. 2:20)

Romans 8:17 and if children, heirs also, heirs of God and fellow heirs with Christ, if indeed we suffer with Him so that we may also be glorified with Him.

2 Corinthians 4:10 always carrying about in the body the dying of Jesus, so that the life of Jesus also may be manifested in our body.

Colossians 1:24 Now I rejoice in my sufferings for your sake, and in my flesh I do my share on behalf of His body, which is the church, in filling up what is lacking in Christ’s afflictions.

The first two are grouped under the heading “Sharing in Christ’s Sufferings” and the second under “Carrying Christ’s Afflictions in Our Bodies.” It is important for the reader to understand the relevance of the concept of suffering in Roman Catholic soteriology. But it is also difficult to explain or illustrate in a blog entry that is aiming for brevity as well. So here’s a reading assignment for the serious reader. Go here [linked] and read the first four chapters of this official Roman Magisterial document, Indulgentiarum Doctrina, the Apostolic Constitution on the Revision of Indulgences. Pay close attention to the language it uses regarding sin, punishment, suffering, penance, and grace. Now, if you are not in a position to read that much, allow me a few selected quotes:

[omitted, since off-topic]

Again, White illustrates his astounding inability (or deliberate unwillingness — which would border on outright sophistry) to stay on the topic. I am not treating the subject of indulgences here (let alone magisterial documents on same). The specific topics are those that White noted above in my two sub-headings. I dealt with indulgences in my first book, A Biblical Defense of Catholicism, chapter 8, pp. 162-165 (current Sophia edition; pp. 117-119 in the first edition), and also on pp. 152-155, including footnote #166, from Bertrand Conway (pp. 110-111 in first edition). My first book has been out for over three years (and he has a copy). If White was so eager to “refute” what I wrote about indulgences (including explicit biblical proofs right from St. Paul and Jesus), he has had ample opportunity. So why bring it up now, when it is extraneous to the subject matter of my current book? I also (it should be noted), dealt in a fair amount of depth with verses like those above, in my first book, in the long chapter on penance (pp. 147-165), whereas in the current work, I only briefly touched upon it with five pages. In fact, White’s response on penance is more than twice as long as my entire short chapter (3359 words to 1615).

Sadly, this is a typical tactic of White’s where I am concerned. He’ll ignore massive writings that I have done on some subject (all the while mocking how many “substanceless” words I write). Then he’ll select a brief treatment and act as if it were the sum total of my argument, and ridicule and dismiss it as absurdly inadequate (along with the obligatory potshots at my ability, intelligence, etc.). He did this with my 35 minute-or-so presentation on Catholic Answers Live, concerning Bible and Tradition, devoting many of his webcasts to a mere introductory, ten-point talk, when I have written more on that topic (enough for several books — and I do have one unpublished book on this very topic, available in Microsoft Word format) than any other. He wanted no part of those writings, but went right to the brief presentation. This “apologetic strategy” may fool some folks, but not the ones I am trying to reach (those with an open and fair mind, and willing to carefully consider both sides of a debate).

You get the “flavor,” I hope. The concept of suffering is tied in with a synergistic, grace-prompted, but still free-will driven, concept of penance/merit/forgiveness.

Soteriology proper is a huge topic, beyond our purview. I refer readers to my first book: chapters on penance and purgatory (the latter is 27 pages), or my web page on Penance and Purgatory.

Once again, in citing Phil. 3:10 and Rom. 8:17, Armstrong does not consider it necessary to actually handle the verses, establish context, meaning, anything exegetical.

This gets back to the nature and purpose of the book; already-discussed.

They are simply cited, and then the assumption is made that Protestants have no place in their theology for “suffering.”

This is exactly the opposite of what I contended, as even White’s own citations of my words prove.

And his source for this (if you happen to be widely read in meaningful Protestant writing you are probably wondering, since you have read lots about suffering and its role in conforming us to the image of Christ) is…himself!

No, my “source” is long experience in Protestant circles and what many great Protestant authors have themselves noted (see examples below).

Evidently, Armstrong’s audience does not include serious minded Protestants, for such writing immediately informs one that Mr. Armstrong’s “Protestant” experience was anything but serious.

No need to respond to ad hominem attacks. I get plenty of laudatory letters from “serious minded Protestants.”

Well, even if consulting secondary sources without providing primary exegesis would be sufficient, the point is that Armstrong has no concept of the depth of writing from non-Catholic sources on the meaning and purpose of suffering;

My providing of my list of Protestant authors read and books in my library quickly disposed of this lie (C. S. Lewis and Alvin Plantinga and Leibniz offer no depth on this subject??!!!). As a result, White was forced (by his own intransigence) to switch from calling me “ignorant” to now accusing me of “knowing deception.” I fought shallow Protestant views of suffering as a Protestant as far back as 1982, when I refuted the “health-and-wealth / prosperity / hyper-faith” teachings, largely utilizing the wonderful critiques of a wise Protestant man and virtual father of the evangelical counter-cult movement, the late Dr. Walter Martin (not an anti-Catholic himself). I had been prevented from accepting such nonsense by the wonderful teaching of Pastor Richard Bieber, in whose church I first began seriously following Jesus. This godly pastor was the single most influential person in my early committed Christian life, besides my brother Gerry.

further, the Roman Catholic use of the term, especially in reference to penance, would require his proving that in the context of writing to the churches at Rome and Philippi Paul intended to communicate, through the term “suffering,” the kind of thing Armstrong has in mind as a Roman Catholic, and once again, he does not even try to make this connection. It is simply assumed.

White again commits the fallacy (one of numerous ones in his “critique”) of thinking that everything I try to utilize from Scripture is intended as an explicit “proof” of full-blown, fully-developed Catholic doctrine. This simply doesn’t follow, nor is it true in fact.

Armstrong then says that outside of certain forms of Pentecostalism, “they will not deny that a Christian needs to, and can expect to, suffer.” Expect to suffer? Surely. Walk as Christ walked and one will suffer the hatred of the world. But “need to” is a completely different animal, especially in the context of Rome’s beliefs regarding the subject, as noted previously. I believe fully that God intends to conform me to the image of Christ, and a number of the experiences I will go through in that process will take the form of what can be properly identified as “suffering.” But “need to” so as to expiate temporal punishment of sin? Need to so as to perfect my justification before God? Most assuredly not! This is the issue, and Armstrong leaves it untouched.

I wasn’t dealing with all that. Again, I dealt with penance (and biblical evidences for same) at great length in my first book. This particular section was about (as White noted above) “Sharing in Christ’s Sufferings”. Period. I’m not trying to prove fully-elaborated Catholic doctrines (in this case, our theology of penance) with every biblical passage I am treating. Only a fool would do that. But White gets a lot of mileage by making illogical accusations about straw men of his own making. After all, it “sounds good.” And that is the name of the game for the sophist. White obviously couldn’t care less about what I was actually arguing, in context. His game is to make me look foolish and ridiculous, whatever it takes (lying and wholesale, cynical distortion included). Christians “need to” suffer insofar as it is a requirement of the New Testament. That was my argument here. See, e.g.,: Philippians 1:29: “For it has been granted to you on behalf of Christ not only to believe on Him, but also to suffer for Him,” and 1 Peter 2:21: “To this [suffering] you were called.. .” There are many more such passages. Many Protestants (and Protestant theologies) minimize these. It is an undeniable fact, however much White protests.

He writes, “Most Evangelicals do not take it that far, yet still minimize the place of suffering, and hence, of the related notion, penance. This represents a scandalous lack of understanding of the deeper, more difficult aspects of Christianity.” I think this represents a scandalous lack of understanding of the deeper, more meaningful works of Calvin, Edwards, the entire body of the Puritans, Bunyan, Spurgeon, Warfield and any number of modern writers.

First, let’s get the context of what I wrote, lest readers get a warped, out-of-balance idea of it. White deliberately omitted the following passage of mine, which occurs immediately above his last citation above:

It is only certain strains of evangelical Protestantism (particularly one brand of pentecostal, “name it, claim it” Protestantism, which asserts that believers can have whatever they like merely by “claiming” it and having enough “faith”) that try to pretend that suffering is foreign to the Christian life (in extreme cases, not God’s will at all that we even have sickness, etc.), who ignore this crucial aspect of the passage. They pass right over it as if it weren’t even there. (p. 128)

Now, as to White’s additional comments: he keeps trying to make out that I am an ignoramus, unacquainted with serious Protestant treatments of suffering. Nothing could be further from the truth. It was precisely because of my familiarity with those sorts of writings, that I was very careful to qualify my assertions (“only certain strains,” “Most . . . do not take it that far,” etc.).

Secondly, I am obviously generalizing in a broad manner. To do so does not require a denial that there are many exceptions to the tendency under consideration. An example of a generalization about Catholics would be: “Catholics don’t read their Bibles as much as evangelical Protestants do.” This is a true and undeniable statement. I recently had an article published in This Rockabout this very subject. But it also has literally thousands of exceptions. I read the Bible more than many individual Protestants. Etc. White’s utter misunderstanding of this aspect of the chapter on penance overlooks this.

Thirdly, as another generalization, only Catholics who fully understand the Church’s teaching on suffering and penance would (unfortunately) be more biblically informed and at an advantage to Protestants on this topic (i.e., the average evangelical as an individual probably has a superior understanding of suffering compared to the average Catholic). But that doesn’t mean that there is a widespread deficiency in Protestant circles also, regarding this topic.

Fourthly, as I showed above, I was critiquing mostly certain pentecostals, who wildly distort this biblical teaching. When I was a Protestant, I read people like Corrie Ten Boom and Elisabeth Elliot: godly women who had suffered much themselves, and who presented a much more biblical view of suffering in the Christian life.

Fifth, here are reflections from four wise Protestants who have a developed theology of suffering, about the widespread deficiency of same in Protestant circles (i.e., it’s not just “Dave the ignorant Catholic who [supposedly] isn’t acquainted with the best Protestant theology” who is saying this):

I need no longer try to follow Christ, for cheap grace, the bitterest foe of discipleship, which true discipleship must loathe and detest, has freed me from that. Grace as the data for our calculations means grace at the cheapest price, but grace as the answer to the sum means costly grace. It is terrifying to realize what use can be made of a genuine evangelical doctrine. In both cases we have the identical formula — “justification by faith alone.” Yet the misuse of the formula leads to the complete destruction of its very essence.(Dietrich Bonhoeffer, The Cost of Discipleship, New York: Macmillan, revised edition, 1959, 54-55)

. . . several dozen of their children had died because of an error (I believe) in theology. (Actually, the teaching of the Indiana church is not so different from what I hear in many evangelical churches and on religious television and radio; they simply apply the extravagent promises of faith more consistently.)

(Philip Yancey, Disappointment With God, Grand Rapids, Michigan: Zondervan, 1988, 26; referring to a church which held that any medical treatment was a denial of faith; hence fifty-two children of sect members had died)

Suffering is God’s plan for us. In western cultures suffering is seen as very bad, to be avoided at all costs, and sometimes even an indication that something is very wrong. It is considered abnormal. Unfortunately, most western Christian cultures hold an inadequate theology of suffering also. As cross cultural workers in Christian ministry we must move beyond the myths we have received from our culture, and develop a solid biblical view. God’s view is absolutely essential to be able to handle suffering well. God’s word clearly shows that suffering is anormal part of the Christian life, especially suffering for Christ. “For it has been granted to you on behalf of Christ not only to believe on Him, but also to suffer for Him” (Phil. 1.29).“To this [suffering] you were called.. .” (1 Pet.2.21).

. . . I. OUR VIEW OF SUFFERING VS. GOD’S VIEW

A. Cultural Myths about Suffering

1. As Christians, we should not suffer in this life.
2. When we are living in His will, living godly lives, we should experience few hardships.
3. Suffering means something is wrong. It is an abnormal state.
4. Suffering has no redeeming or positive results.
5. Suffering means we can have no joy. It robs us of the choice to rejoice.
6. Spiritual people don’t hurt emotionally when they suffer.
7. If God really loves us He won’t let us suffer very much. His love means that He will puta hedge around us to keep terrible trials from entering our lives.
8. When we do suffer, God is punishing us out of anger. He is vindictive and wants us to suffer when He is angry with us.

(Toward a Biblical Theology of Suffering, Ken Williams; a wonderful online study of much biblical material on the subject)

Today all is made to depend upon the initial act of believing. At a given moment a “decision” is made for Christ, and after that everything is automatic . . . We of the evangelical churches are almost all guilty of this lopsided view of the Christian life . . . In our eagerness to make converts we allow our hearers to absorb the idea that they can deal with their entire responsibility once and for all by an act of believing. This is in some vague way supposed to honor grace and glorify God, whereas actually it is to make Christ the author of a grotesque, unworkable system that has no counterpart in the Scriptures of truth . . . To make converts . . . we are forced to play down the difficulties and play up the peace of mind and worldly success enjoyed by those who accept Christ . . . Thus assured, hell-deserving sinners are coming in droves to “accept” Christ for what they can get out of Him . . .

(A. W. Tozer, A Treasury of A. W. Tozer, Grand Rapids, Michigan: Baker Book House, 1980, 85-87)

By trying to pack all of salvation into one experience, or two, the advocates of instant Christianity flaunt the law of development which runs through all nature. They ignore the sanctifying effects of suffering, cross carrying and practical obedience. They pass by the need for spiritual training, the necessity of forming right religious habits and the need to wrestle against the world, the devil and the flesh . . . Instant Christianity is twentieth century orthodoxy. I wonder whether the man who wrote Philippians 3:7-16 would recognize it as the faith for which he finally died. I am afraid he would not.

(A. W. Tozer, That Incredible Christian, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania: Christian Publications, 1964, 24-25)

The fact is that the Reformed understanding of the sovereignty of God is so far beyond the crass “suffering by grace = penance for temporal punishments, say your Our Fathers and Hail Marys and fast on Fridays and consider obtaining some indulgences just in case” kind of Catholicism that afflicts millions on our planet that it is truly beyond words to express.

Nice display of White’s caricatured, jaded view of Catholicism. It plays well to the anti-Catholic crowd . . .

Yes, suffering is very clearly present in the text. No one doubts this. But what Mr. Armstrong does not seem to understand is that the mere presence of the word does not, to any serious minded reader, include within it the massive mountain of theological baggage connected to suffering/penance/merit as seen inIndulgentiarum Doctrina and other Roman Catholic magisterial documents and teachings.

Of course I understand that, and I never claimed otherwise. But White sure seems to think I did. He is wrong.

Presumption is not exegesis, nor does it amount to confounding the Protestant position.

And creation of straw men and non sequiturs are not “rational replies.”

Armstrong assumes that the suffering to which Paul refers is identifiable with the sufferings Rome refers to.

I do? That’s news to me. Where did I supposedly argue what I don’t believe?

Why? He does not say.

For obvious reasons . . . (see previous reply).

He does not even try to tell us how v. 17 is functioning in the entire citadel of Christian truth known as Romans chapter 8. It is just thrown out there, and we are to believe. Sorry, but I’ve spent far too much time seeking to honor the text and communicate its meaning to others to buy such an obvious ipse dixit.

Just me trying to hoodwink my ignorant heathen Catholic readers again, huh James?

And Phil. 3:10 is not even touched. It is merely cited as one of the “95” verses, no exegesis offered. Just presumption.

It’s rather clear, for the purpose I had in this section. If I had exegeted all 95 passages like White wants me to, the book would have been about 900 pages long.

The Bible teaches that Christ’s sufferings (and this will come out most clearly in the next section regarding Christ’s afflictions) alone avail for our salvation.

Yep. Amen.

Christians suffer as part of their sanctification, or to use the language of Paul later in Romans 8, that process whereby God the Father conforms them to the image of His Son. We do so by the power of the Holy Spirit, so that in our sufferings we die to self, and live to Christ. When a Christian suffers according to God’s will, he or she has the promise that nothing can touch them in their suffering that was not ordained by the Father and the Son (Col. 3:3). While our suffering in no way, shape, or form adds to the work of Christ, it is very much a part of God’s will. It is never “meaningless,” for God does not cause His children to suffer needlessly.

I agree with all of this.

But the fact that my suffering can be used of God to His glory and to the benefit of others (as in the life of Paul) truly has nothing whatsoever to do with Rome’s doctrine of penance.

That isn’t true, but gets into biblical proofs for penance, from my first book.

These passages may not have been discussed in Dave Armstrong’s campus ministry meetings, but a quick review of the sermons and studies at the Phoenix Reformed Baptist Church would disabuse Armstrong of his misunderstandings of what serious Protestants believe about suffering.

I.e., White’s twisted caricatures about what he falsely thinks I know and don’t know about Protestant views . . .

. . . in the course of that debate, took note of the comments of Bishop Lightfoot, the great Anglican scholar, regarding Colossians 1:24 and the term “afflictions” from his commentary on Colossians . . .

Anglicans aren’t even Christians, according to White’s criteria, consistently applied. But that is another matter, when White needs an “ally” against the Great Beast. I have omitted his citation as irrelevant, since (according to the oft-stated purpose of my book), this section examined what John Calvin and Albert Barnes (not J.B. Lightfoot) wrote about Colossians 1:24.

Hence, to seriously suggest that he is “confounding” Protestants on the basis of Bible passages, Dave Armstrong would have to wrestle with a presentation such as Lightfoot’s, . . .

White can go on all day citing commentators I didn’t deal with. But my purpose was to show the bias and irrationality so often present in John Calvin’s and other influential Protestant commentators (not to engage in full-fledged exegesis, for which I’m not qualified).

. . . and would have to establish that in context, both of these passages are indicating that there is some kind of “satisfactory” element to the sufferings of believers that would fit the Roman Catholic concept.

I think these passages are consistent with a Catholic understanding, yes. I’m not claiming that they contain, individually, the full Catholic (developed) doctrine. But Scripture doesn’t contain the developed Chalcedonian trinitarian theology, either, so such realities do not concern me. We would expect this.

For obviously, a Protestant can read 2 Corinthians 4:10 and say, “Yes, I die to sin daily, not sacramentally or partially so that I remain imperfect (as in Roman theology), but as the result of the perfect standing that is mine in the righteousness of Christ the Holy Spirit works within me to conform me to the image of Christ and by so doing brings the reality of my union with Christ in His death so that His life will be ever more seen in me.” How have I been “confounded” in this passage?

A true critique of what I was doing here would have to deal with Calvin’s and Barnes’ commentary. A presentation of one Protestant perspective on it and an examination of Protestant dealings with Catholic proof texts are two different things. I’m doing the latter; White the former. Never the twain shall meet.

Armstrong, again, does not offer any exegesis of the cited texts. Instead, he devotes a little over two pages to arguing that in Roman Catholic theology the concept of suffering does not detract from the finished work of Christ, and that Protestants, like Albert Barnes, just don’t get it.

Yes; if only anti-Catholics like White could grasp this simple fact.

You can see now why I strongly suggested reading Indulgentiarum Doctrina when I began this section of the review. When we pray for someone, how are they “helped”? It is not by a transfer of merit. The debt of temporal punishment I owe is not lessened by my prayers, either. I am not adding to the thesaurus meritorum by praying or doing good works or suffering (there is no such thing to begin with). And if Armstrong wished to communicate with a serious minded non-Catholic based upon these passages (he is the one claiming the passage confounds Protestants) he would explain why we should understand qli/yij to refer to satisfactory sufferings (as opposed to Lightfoot). Of course, no such attempt is made, for I seriously doubt Mr. Armstrong is even aware of the issue, let alone able to interact meaningfully with Lightfoot. But I do note, he has no basis for complaint, since he himself refers to “Catholic exegesis” of the texts on p. 130 (he just doesn’t bother to provide it).

More extraneous non sequiturs, with the by-now obligatory insult of my intelligence and thinking ability . . .

Finally, a note on Armstrong’s constant attempt to paint Calvin in the worst possible light.

Oh? Does White mean my citing the man? Funny that White is most reluctant to defend the nonsense that Calvin so often writes, which I have merely documented. Yet Calvin is doing “exegesis” and I don’t have a clue about anything I write about?

In this section he cites Calvin from The Institutes, but not from Calvin’s actual commentary on Colossians 1:24.

This is untrue. On p. 131 I also cite Calvin from his Commentaries. Since White brought this up (a rare instance of actually dealing with an argument of mine — well, “kinda sorta”), I will cite both of Calvin’s tirades, to give the reader an idea of the sort of thing I deal with throughout the book. If this casts a bad “light” on Calvin, I ask: whose fault is that?:

Indeed, as their whole doctrine is a patchwork of sacrilege and blasphemy, this is the most blasphemous of the whole . . . What is this but merely to leave the name of Christ, and at the same time make him a vulgar saintling, who can scarcely be distinguished in the crowd?(Institutes, III, 5, 3-4)

I then commented (words utterly ignored by White, as usual):

Calvin here is again guilty of presenting a caricature of the Catholic position, whereby it is construed as somehow opposing saints to God or regarding the saints as somehow contributing to the redemption apart from God (the characteristic Protestant dichotomous or “either/or” mindset).Calvin mistakenly thinks this is what Catholics hold. In his commentary on this verse, Calvin repeats the falsehoods about the Catholic position, and even urges readers to hate those who are supposedly deliberately corrupting Holy Writ:

Then I cited Calvin’s Commentaries:

Nor are they ashamed to wrest this passage, with the view of supporting so execrable a blasphemy, as if Paul here affirmed that his sufferings are of avail for expiating the sins of men . . . I should also be afraid of being suspected of calumny in repeating things so monstrous . . . Let, therefore, pious readers learn to hate and detest those profane sophists, who thus deliberately corrupt and adulterate the Scriptures, . . .

This sounds like a familiar charge, doesn’t it? As soon as White saw that he couldn’t play the “Dave is utterly ignorant about Protestantism” card (after I showed what I had read), he immediately went to the charge of “knowing deception.” We see that he follows his master Calvin in this tendency to personal attack at the expense of rational argument. Now, I want to know: how is the above to be regarded as “biblical exegesis”? And if Calvin can lie about Catholics and urge readers to hate them, why is it that I can’t even critique tendencies in Protestant exegetical circles? If White claims I am not doing exegesis (even when I reiterate endlessly that this was not my primary purpose), why doesn’t he criticize Calvin for failing to do so when he is supposed to be doing so?!

I thought it would be worthwhile to see what Calvin actually wrote there. Here is the online version [linked]. Scroll down to the section on Col. 1:24 and note that Calvin, unlike Armstrong, actually addresses the verse in its context prior to responding to Rome’s misuse of it. I wonder why Armstrong does not refute Calvin’s actual exegesis and commentary? I leave that to the reader to decide.

I assume that Calvin would try to exegete the passage, in his Commentaries! I dealt with that in Calvin which was the subject matter of my book: the extreme bias present in Protestant commentators when dealing with Catholic claims. When will White comprehend this? The good bishop then wraps up his fallacy-ridden and wrongheaded “critique” concerning penance with a preview of the next installment and yet another personal insult:

Is Armstrong right, or has he once again demonstrated a fundamental inability to understand the issues at hand?

* * * * *

Total words: White: (minus section trashing my Protestant knowledge and credentials): 3200

Total words: Armstrong:3109 (or 97% as many as White’s)

Grand Total thus far: White: 7962 / Armstrong: 5110 (or 64% as many as White’s words, or White outwriting Armstrong by a 1.56 to one margin — roughly three words for every two that I write)

My percentage of words over against White’s, compared to his “average” prediction: 0.06% (5110 actual, compared to a predicted 79,620 / 16 times less)

Note Bishop White’s statement on 12-29-04, in commencing this present discussion: “Now, of course, DA will respond with text files (liberally salted with URL’s) that will average 10x the word count of anything I have to say. That’s OK. I shall . . . let him take home the bragging rights to verbosity and bandwidth usage.”

2017-04-18T18:10:24-04:00

Moses2

Moses and the Brazen Serpent (1640), by Adriaen van Nieulandt (c. 1586-1658) [public domain / Wikimedia Commons]

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(4-9-06)

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Is it true that in Old Testament times, the people were basically on their own vis-a-vis biblical interpretation, and application of the Mosaic Law. No! Theirs was not a sola Scriptura system. I offer examples below.

*****

 

1) Moses didn’t just give the Law to the Hebrews; he also taught it:

Exodus 18:15-20 (RSV) And Moses said to his father-in-law, “Because the people come to me to inquire of God; when they have a dispute, they come to me and I decide between a man and his neighbor, and I make them know the statutes of God and his decisions.” Moses’ father-in-law said to him, “What you are doing is not good. You and the people with you will wear yourselves out, for the thing is too heavy for you; you are not able to perform it alone. Listen now to my voice; I will give you counsel, and God be with you! You shall represent the people before God, and bring their cases to God; and you shall teach them the statutes and the decisions, and make them know the way in which they must walk and what they must do.”

2) Aaron, Moses’ brother, is also commanded by God to teach:

Leviticus 10:10-11 You are to distinguish between the holy and the common, and between the unclean and the clean; and you are to teach the people of Israel all the statutes which the LORD has spoken to them by Moses.

3) Levite priests were to teach Israel the ordinances and law:

A) Deuteronomy 33:10 They shall teach Jacob thy ordinances, and Israel thy law; they shall put incense before thee, and whole burnt offering upon thy altar. (see 33:8)

B) 2 Chronicles 15:3 For a long time Israel was without the true God, and without a teaching priest, and without law; [which was, of course, not the normative situation]

C) Malachi 2:4-8 So shall you know that I have sent this command to you, that my covenant with Levi may hold, says the LORD of hosts. My covenant with him was a covenant of life and peace, and I gave them to him, that he might fear; and he feared me, he stood in awe of my name. True instruction was in his mouth, and no wrong was found on his lips. He walked with me in peace and uprightness, and he turned many from iniquity. For the lips of a priest should guard knowledge, and men should seek instruction from his mouth, for he is the messenger of the LORD of hosts. But you have turned aside from the way; you have caused many to stumble by your instruction; you have corrupted the covenant of Levi, says the LORD of hosts,

4) Ezra read the Law of Moses to the people in Jerusalem (Ezra 8:3). In 8:7-8 we find 13 Levites who assisted Ezra, helped the people to “understand the law” and who “gave the sense.” Much earlier, in King Jehoshaphat’s reign, we find Levites exercising the same function (2 Chronicles 17:8-9). So the people did indeed understand the law (8:12), but not without much assistance – not merely upon hearing:

Nehemiah 8:1-9: 1: And all the people gathered as one man into the square before the Water Gate; and they told Ezra the scribe to bring the book of the law of Moses which the LORD had given to Israel.
2: And Ezra the priest brought the law before the assembly, both men and women and all who could hear with understanding, on the first day of the seventh month.
3: And he read from it facing the square before the Water Gate from early morning until midday, in the presence of the men and the women and those who could understand; and the ears of all the people were attentive to the book of the law.
4: And Ezra the scribe stood on a wooden pulpit which they had made for the purpose; and beside him stood Mattithiah, Shema, Anaiah, Uriah, Hilkiah, and Ma-aseiah on his right hand; and Pedaiah, Misha-el, Malchijah, Hashum, Hash-baddanah, Zechariah, and Meshullam on his left hand.
5: And Ezra opened the book in the sight of all the people, for he was above all the people; and when he opened it all the people stood.
6: And Ezra blessed the LORD, the great God; and all the people answered, “Amen, Amen,” lifting up their hands; and they bowed their heads and worshiped the LORD with their faces to the ground.
7: Also Jeshua, Bani, Sherebiah, Jamin, Akkub, Shabbethai, Hodiah, Ma-aseiah, Kelita, Azariah, Jozabad, Hanan, Pelaiah, the Levites, helped the people to understand the law, while the people remained in their places.
8: And they read from the book, from the law of God, clearly; and they gave the sense, so that the people understood the reading.
9: And Nehemiah, who was the governor, and Ezra the priest and scribe, and the Levites who taught the people said to all the people, “This day is holy to the LORD your God; do not mourn or weep.” For all the people wept when they heard the words of the law.

Now, is this “infallibility”? No, we must admit that it doesn’t say that; yet it is very strong. This is authoritative teaching from the “Old Testament Church,” so to speak. Moses doesn’t just give a nice, wistful, pleasant sermons to ponder over a steak lunch. He says that “I make them know the statutes of God and his decisions.” Of the Levites it is said: “For the lips of a priest should guard knowledge, and men should seek instruction from his mouth, for he is the messenger of the LORD of hosts.” Ezra and his teaching assistants “gave the sense, so that the people understood the reading.” This is authoritative teaching! Yet when the Catholic Church merely claims the same prerogative, somehow it is objectionable and some supposedly radical and new thing. It’s exactly what was already happening before.

The New Testament continues the same notions of guided understanding of the Scriptures. The Ethiopian eunuch says, “How can I [understand the Scripture], unless some one guides me?” Other passages concur:

2 Peter 1:20 First of all, you must understand this, that no prophecy of scripture is a matter of one’s own interpretation.

2 Peter 3:15-17 . . . So also our beloved brother Paul wrote to you according to the wisdom given him, speaking of this as he does in all his letters. There are some things in them hard to understand, which the ignorant and unstable twist to their own destruction, as they do the other scriptures. You therefore, beloved, knowing this beforehand, beware lest you be carried away with the error of lawless men and lose your own stability.

Jesus Himself even upholds the teaching authority of the Pharisees, of all people, and based on a Jewish tradition, not found in the Old Testament at all:

Matthew 23:1-3 Then said Jesus to the crowds and to his disciples, “The scribes and the Pharisees sit on Moses’ seat; so practice and observe whatever they tell you, but not what they do; for they preach, but do not practice.”

We see, then, that the Bible (both Old Testament and New Testament) teaches a notion of authority precisely like what we find in the Catholic Church: the three-legged stool of Scripture + Church + Tradition. It does not teach sola Scriptura. But Martin Luther started teaching something very different from this:

 

But, that there are in the Scriptures some things abstruse, and that all things are not quite plain, is a report spread abroad by the impious Sophists; by whose mouth you speak here, Erasmus . . .

This indeed I confess, that there are many places in the Scriptures obscure and abstruse; not from the majesty of the things, but from our ignorance of certain terms and grammatical particulars; but which do not prevent a knowledge of all the things in the Scriptures . . .

All the things, therefore, contained in the Scriptures, are made manifest, although some places, from the words not being understood, are yet obscure . . . And, if the words are obscure in one place, yet they are clear in another . . . For Christ has opened our understanding to understand the Scriptures . . .

Therefore come forward, you and all the Sophists together, and produce any one mystery which is still abstruse in the Scriptures. But, if many things still remain abstruse to many, this does not arise from obscurity in the Scriptures, but from their own blindness or want of understanding, who do not go the way to see the all-perfect clearness of the truth . . . Let, therefore, wretched men cease to impute, with blasphemous perverseness, the darkness and obscurity of their own heart to the all-clear scriptures of God . . .

If you speak of the internal clearness, no man sees one iota in the Scriptures, but he that hath the Spirit of God . . . If you speak of the external clearness, nothing whatever is left obscure or ambiguous; but all things that are in the Scriptures, are by the Word brought forth into the clearest light, and proclaimed to the whole world.

(The Bondage of the Will, from translation by Henry Cole, Grand Rapids, Michigan: Baker Book House, 1976, 25-27, 29)

Bishop “Dr.” (?) James White tried to do a similar thing in his argument that I responded to in my book, The Catholic Verses ( p. 51). Here is that excerpt:

White, however, writes:

“And who can forget the result of Josiah’s discovery of the Book of the Covenant in 2 Chronicles 34?”

(White, 101)

Indeed, this was a momentous occasion. But if the implication is that the Law was self-evident simply upon being read, per sola Scriptura, this is untrue to the Old Testament, for, again, we are informed in the same book that priests and Levites “taught in Judah, having the book of the law of the LORD with them; they went about through all the cities of Judah and taught among the people” (2 Chron. 17:9), and that the Levites “taught all Israel” (2 Chron. 35:3). They didn’t just read, they taught, and that involved interpretation. And the people had no right of private judgment, to dissent from what was taught.

Anyone can “win” an argument if they simply assume its conclusion and ignore all counter-evidences in the very Scripture which the argument purports to be self-evident in the main upon reading (i.e., without necessary need of an authoritative Church or interpreter to resolve various disputes on doctrine which incessantly plague Protestants because they have adopted this false, unbiblical principle).

The choice is presented by many Protestant apologists as “Law of Moses / Torah / Bible” vs. “tradition” (in this case, a false tradition of men). It’s presupposed for the purpose of this argument that all “tradition” is bad. But of course, this is not the New Testament position, which is that there can be such a thing as a good, apostolic, true tradition (many statements from Paul, as well as Jesus), as well as a corrupt (mere) tradition of men.

So if we re-approach the question above, the answer is that the Torah combined with true oral tradition (which all Jews believed to have also been given to Moses at Mt. Sinai) gives one the truth. When Josiah rediscovered the Law, the true teaching was restored. But this doesn’t prove that all tradition or authoritative teaching is therefore eliminated, simply because there had been a false tradition of worship that Josiah reformed.

Doctrinal development in the Bible, between the testaments, is consistent: there was strong authority and tradition in the Old Testament and there continues to be in the New Testament. Both teach the “three-legged stool” notion of authority: not sola Scriptura. Mainstream Judaism accepted oral tradition right alongside the Torah and the rest of the Old Testament. It was only the liberal Sadducees who denied that (they also denied the afterlife). They were the liberals of the time, and also the sola Scripturists (just as the later heresies like Arians believed in Bible Alone because the apostolic tradition refuted them and they couldn’t appeal to it). But the Sadducees are never called Christians in the New Testament, whereas Pharisees are (indeed, Paul calls himself one, and Jesus said to follow their teaching, despite their hypocrisy of action).

Both the Old Testament and New Testament (within consistent development) conform far more closely to the Catholic model than any Protestant variant.

2017-02-08T15:13:29-04:00

TorahScrolls

A lovely visual of biblical “tradition”: Torah scrolls at Middle Street Synagogue, Brighton, England. Photograph by “The Voice of Hassocks” (5-5-13) [Wikimedia CommonsCreative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication]

*****

The following dialogue took place on James White’s sola Scriptura email discussion list in 1996. Eric’s words are in blue. It’s one of the very rare occurrences of an actual amiable and constructive dialogue between a Catholic apologist and an anti-Catholic Protestant apologist. My relations with Eric were quite cordial at first, but later on, sadly, he became very bitter towards me and Catholic apologists en masse. In any event, at this juncture, there was a temporary “window of opportunity” and the lines of communication and dialogue were open, and it made for a great exchange.

Dr. Eric Svendsen (raised Catholic) received a Doctor of Theological Studies in Apologetics degree from Columbia Evangelical Seminary, and is the author of Evangelical Answers: A Critique of Current Roman Catholic Apologetics. He co-founded and is co-director of the New Testament Restoration Ministries.

* * * * *

“A Lexical and Grammatical Analysis of the Use of Paradosis in the NT”

Nominal Form: There are at least 13 occurrences of the nominal form of paradosis in the NT, only three of which refer to apostolic tradition (1 Cor 11:2, 2 Thess 2:15, 3:6). The rest refer either to the traditions of the Pharisees (specifically) or to the traditions of men (generally).

I agree. I stated the same in my chapter on “Bible and Tradition.”

Those that refer to apostolic tradition deal with (1) church practice (1 Cor 11:2-16; head coverings for women),

It is not at all clear to me – all presuppositions aside – that this instance of paradosis is restricted simply to head coverings. As most Christians are aware, the NT did not originally have chapters and verse. In the immediate context, Paul is discussing eating and drinking (10:23-32), then, it seems to me, assumes a broad, general tone, and writes in 10:33: “Just as I try to please everyone in EVERYTHING I do, not seeking my own advantage, but that of many, so that they may be saved” (NRSV, as are all citations, unless specified). Then in 11:1 he exhorts his readers: “Be imitators of me, as I am of Christ,” surely a general utterance, and obviously not referring to women alone, since Paul was a man!

Next comes the verse in question: “I commend you because you remember me in EVERYTHING and maintain the traditions just as I handed them on to you.” After this he proceeds to the question of head coverings for women. I don’t think that, prima facie, paradosis in 11:2 can be restricted to head coverings alone, given these factors in the context. If it is, it is only a speculation, and neither exegetically nor logically certain by any means.

Two points. First, the view (mine) that paradosis is here referring to what follows is strengthened by the fact that 11:2-16 forms an inclusio; i.e., the section begins and ends with an appeal to terms that connote church practices (v. 2 – paradosis, traditions; v. 16 – sunetheia, custom).

Perhaps, but nevertheless it seems to me – in my admittedly “amateur” appraisal of the passage – that (perhaps to some extent even if the above were true) 1 Cor 11:2 can stand alone, in its own right, and as such it would provide a generic reference to a tradition larger than just the Bible. I’m sure there must be more than a few Protestant commentaries which would agree with me on that.

Second, my main point was simply that headcoverings are included in the apostolic paradosis (with which you seem to agree), but excluded from the Catholic paradosis.

I suppose we would say that this is a typical disciplinary requirement, which can change (such as priestly celibacy). Paul also said that he wished all men were single as he (1 Cor 7:7-38; cf. Mt 19:12). Obviously, this could never actually happen, but the Catholic Church at least takes the thrust behind Paul’s discourse on marriage and singleness seriously, with its requirement and rationale for undistractedly (is that a word?) devoted celibate priests, monks, and nuns.

(2) Christian conduct (2 Thess 3:6-15; working for ones keep);

This is an easier case to make, although I wouldn’t hold that “tradition” here must necessarily be restricted to conduct. However, it’s not a point I would expend much energy fighting for.

and (3) theology (2 Thess 2:15; eschatology) or the gospel (cf. 2:13-14).

Yes. I would, however, maintain that although eschatology is the contextual topic, it is not the sole object of Paul’s statement about “traditions” here, and suggest also that 1 Cor 11:2, according to my reasoning above, refers to the same thing (i.e., the gospel, or apostolic Tradition, generally speaking).

It should be noted that the Catholic church has jettisoned the first tradition (head coverings) as no longer binding,

But this is only relevant (yet only slightly so – see my next comment) if I am incorrect in my alternate analysis.

and makes no claim to unique and sole possession of the second tradition (Christian conduct).

This is irrelevant – at least in a sense- because the topic at hand is whether or not there is reference to (oral?) Tradition apart from what is present in the NT. 2 Thess 3:6 clearly refers to one (whatever its scope), so it is beside the point to assert that Catholics do not uniquely teach it.

The only one that Catholics appeal to in distinguishing themselves from Protestants in the third. Paul tells us in 2 Thess 2:15 that his teaching was sometimes written and sometimes passed along orally: Hold to the teachings we passed on to you, whether by word of mouth or by letter. Yet, it was, in any case, the same message.

It is the same message (all agree), but, of course, the question is whether it is equivalent to what we possess in the NT, or if it goes beyond it in some sense.

No appeal can legitimately be made to this passage to introduce the notion of an on-going oral tradition that was to be held on par with (yet was different from) Paul’s written instructions to the churches.

This is assuming what you’re trying to prove (which you have not yet done).

Paul’s statement was made during a time when there were single copies of his letters circulating throughout the churches. Since sending letters across the Roman empire was a slow process (sometimes taking many months), the churches would naturally need to know the content of these letters before the physical letters actually arrived. The only way this was possible was by word of mouth from one church to the next, or from apostolic courier to each church.

Interesting, but this too does not touch on the central question of the entire content of Paul’s “Tradition.”

The content of the verbal message was not different than that of the letters, as is evident from Paul’s grouping of them in this passage. Paul does not say by word of mouth and by letter (Gr., kai), which would be expected if each one were a different tradition and both were necessary (cf. the wording in Trent vis a vis Scripture and Tradition). Instead, Paul says by word of mouth or by letter (Gr., eite), implying that one or the other is equally sufficient to convey Paul’s message, and that both are essentially the same.

I think this is an altogether weak and insufficient argument. If it all turns on the use of “or” rather than “and,” I would respectfully say you need to come up with a better approach (just from a purely logical perspective). As an example of what I mean, I’ll make an analogy: I’ll play Paul, and my book will represent his letters in the NT, while my e-mail posts are my “word of mouth” (as if they were conversations in person). I could say, “hold fast to my teaching, whether from my book or my postings to the SS list,” but this would not prove that the two were synonymous. My posts to this group go far beyond (both quantitatively and in complexity) what I’ve written in my book about SS {sola Scriptura}. The two are harmonious, and non-contradictory, but not identical.

Thus, my postings might be said to be an extensive commentary of sorts on what I believe the NT to teach on SS. In a sense, it is true to say that they do not go “beyond” Scripture, or contradict Scripture (all doctrinal disagreements aside for the sake of argument!), but they are still different from Scripture in the sense that they delve into things more deeply. In any event, it is certainly not clear that Paul’s oral teaching must be the same as his written, nor that it could not contain information not found in his letters. We can only ascertain that from later patristic testimony, and biblical indications such as those presently under consideration.

On a purely logical level, or always functions in a different way than and. For instance, in the conditional statement, if I have Paul’s written message AND his oral message, then I have his whole message, both conditions would have to be met in order to have Paul’s whole message. Whereas in the statement, if I have Paul’s written message OR his oral message, then I have his whole message, either the first or the second condition would need to be met in order to have Paul’s whole message, but not both.

You neglect to recognize the troublesome consequences of this argument. The use of and in this verse, according to your stated reasoning, would create a scenario of Bible and Tradition having more or less equal force (roughly the Catholic position). Both would be necessary. But the presence of or, (which is the actual case in 2 Thess 2:15), leads to the hypothetical of equally valid Bible Alone (the extreme SS view) or oral Tradition Alone (nobody’s view). The touble is, you’ve in effect admitted that Paul might be possibly espousing the material sufficiency of oral Tradition! You wouldn’t want to seriously argue that, even as a possibility, would you? For by what method do you determine that Scripture ought to be normative rather than Tradition? You simply assume that the Bible is primary. But there is no compelling biblical (or, more specifically, contextual) reason to do that. Thus, I maintain that the entire argument fails, since it leads to unacceptable conclusions either way. We must synthesize it with other similar, “clearer” passages.

For Dave’s analogy above to hold, Dave would also have to postulate that one of the sources of his teaching would be insufficient without the other. In other words, would I need both Daves book and his posts here to know what Dave believes about tradition and sola scriptura?

In a practical sense, this is indeed true. My lengthy posts would elaborate on, and serve as a commentary for, my compact book chapter, which is so general and broad that it could easily be misunderstood, and regarded as having less “depth” than my “fleshed-out” view in fact possesses. The analogy to Tradition and Bible in Christianity is virtually perfect: we need Tradition (and compulsory Authority) in order to fully understand the teachings of the Bible. Thus, the Bible is “insufficient” (again, in practice, not in essence) for establishing orthodoxy, as the history of Christianity abundantly testifies. As I’ve noted before, most early heresies (e.g., Monophysitism and Arianism), believed in sola Scriptura (“SS”), and the Church refuted them by the Bible-as-interpreted-by-apostolic Tradition, within the framework of apostolic succession.

Would I somehow be misled into believing that Dave is really a Protestant if I had only his posts here and not also his book? Of course not. But this is precisely what Dave is arguing is the case with Paul’s theology (i.e., that we need both his writings and his alleged oral transmission of theology).

Not quite. I’m just maintaining that the possibility exists (and seems likely from common sense and biblical indications) for Paul to have taught things other than what is recorded in writing, and that the early Church could have preserved such teachings orally. Nothing you have shown me has convinced me otherwise.

Put it this way; if Dave were to write a treatise that was manifestly Protestant in theology, and later wrote another that was manifestly Catholic in theology, I would not assume that the latter interprets the former, or that Dave held both ideas simultaneously, but rather that Dave changed his mind at some point. Likewise, I cannot believe that Paul would go on record (in his written tradition) with his belief that Jesus is the one mediator between man and Christ (1 Tim 2:5), and at the same time pass on an oral tradition that Mary is co-Mediatrix with Christ!

Again, this is assuming what it is trying to prove, and is a straw man argument. We don’t believe that the Tradition we possess contradicts the Scripture. You are assuming that it does, and argue accordingly. In so doing, you have moved from the basic scriptural data concerning Tradition to Protestant presuppositions about the lawfulness and scripturalness of one particular Marian belief.

Paul certainly did not intend to convey the Catholic notion of two corpuses of tradition – one written, the other oral – which would be perpetuated by the church throughout its lifetime.

“Certainly”? More solid evidence needs to be presented for such a firm conclusion. But we don’t believe in two “different traditions” anyway, but “twin fonts of the one divine wellspring.” For a Catholic who believes in the material sufficiency, as I do (and this would seem to be the mainstream, conciliar position), Tradition is more of a “commentary” on the always-central scriptural data, rather than a force in opposition to it (or, as Lutheran Heiko Oberman said of St. Augustine’s view: “The Church {i.e., Tradition} had a practical priority”). Protestants often exaggerate the (mostly alleged) differences in the Catholic Tradition and Scripture, rather than focus on the intrinsically organic, “symbiotic” connection which is the true Catholic viewpoint (as also in their analyses of, e.g., faith “vs.” works). For us, as for the Fathers, Scripture is central, but not exclusive.

Paul’s concept of Tradition is brought out (exegetically) in other passages of his, which I will cite below. But the notion that all of the apostolic Tradition was synonymous with the written NT would seem to be utterly contradicted by John 21:25 alone (and I would add, by common sense as well).

In any case, to speculate that Paul must be referring here to things not written down elsewhere is just that – speculation.

But it is just as much speculation to assume that the content of Paul’s oral paradosis is synonymous with his written corpus, is it not? Epistemologically, it appears we are in the exact same boat, for you have not proven by any means that the content of apostolic “thought,” so to speak, does not go beyond scriptural confines. That’s why I (and my Church) appeal to the Fathers, as the existence of such oral traditions is purely an historical question, just as the issue of what the “early Church” believed is an intrinsically historical question.

While Paul very well may have said the same thing a hundred different ways (likely he did), the fact remains that the essential elements of Pauls message are included in Scripture – else, what would the purpose of Scripture be? If tradition could just as easily have been passed on orally, and the church is its infallible guardian, why even speak of a canon of Scripture that would be used as a rule of faith? Indeed, why even bother with preserving the writings in the first place?

This point has force only if the Protestant premise of SS is assumed beforehand. There is no compulsion (either scripturally or logically) to create a chasm between Scripture and Tradition, esp. given the facts that the NT was “oral” itself in its earlier stages (e.g., Lk 1:1-2), is an encapsulation of the larger Christian kerygma and apostolic Tradition/paradosis, and was utterly dependent on Tradition (practically, not essentially, speaking) to have its own parameters defined as well. In other words, Tradition is all over Scripture, by the nature of things, even apart from all the proofs which I’ve tried to offer in my response. We simply cannot have one without the other. It is self-evident that the Bible is central and indispensable in any Christian perspective – no one need argue that. Why do we need Tradition? Because we need truth and unity, and the alternate experiment of resorting to the Bible alone without necessary ecclesiastical authority (the practical outworking of Tradition) has (unarguably, I think) proven to be an abysmal failure. That’s why we believe God desired (and desires) that Tradition and hierarchical authority be inherent in Christianity and Christ’s Church.

Verbal Form: The verbal form of paradosis (paradidwmi) occurs 120 times in the NT, but only nine times in relation to the handing down of doctrinal truth. Only six occurrences of this word speak directly to the issue of handing down apostolic tradition.

I came up with seven in my paper. Luke 1:1-2 is another instance of paradidomi, in this case referring to “the matter of the gospel,” as “little Kittel” (p.168) states. Also of relevance is the word paralambano (“received”), which refers to Christian, apostolic Tradition at least seven times (1 Cor 11:23, 15:1-2, 15:3, Gal 1:9,12 {2}, 1 Thess 2:13, 2 Thess 3:6). These refer to the Eucharist (1 Cor 11:23), tradition (2 Thess 3:6), the word of God (1 Thess 2:13), and the gospel (all others).

Of these six, one instance refers to the handing down of the church practice of head coverings (which, we have already noted, is irrelevant to the Catholic).

Again, I dispute the specificity of this reference.

Another instance (Act 16:4) refers to the Jerusalem decree for Gentiles to abstain from food polluted by idols, from sexual immorality, from the meat of strangled animals, and from blood. This can hardly be referring to the tradition of the Catholic church, however, . . . In any case, even the moral injunction is recorded for us in Scripture, so again, there is no need for oral tradition here.

Agreed.

This leaves us with four occurrences of paradidwmi. Two of these instances unambiguously refer to the apostolic gospel (Rom 6:17 and 1 Cor 15:3) which Paul outlines in detail in Rom 1-8, as well as in 1 Cor 15:3-5.

We find many indications of Catholic teaching in Romans 1-8 (esp. on the justification question: see, e.g., 1:5, 2:5-13, 5:17-19, 6:17 itself; cf. 10:16, 15:18-19, 16:25-26), so that is a moot point. The gospel in 1 Cor 15:3-5 is clearly not all that Paul passed on, or “handed on,” so it cannot be used to restrict his definition of (apostolic) “tradition.”

There is, therefore, no room here for postulating some additional information that Paul somehow fails to relate to us about his gospel.

Regarding 1 Cor 15:3-5: not technically within the verse itself, but certainly exegetically by recourse to other relevant Pauline and further NT statements.

In other words, that which he handed down to the Romans he is here elucidating. Technically, the subject of the delivering in Rom 6:17 is the Romans, not the gospel. The NIV reads: you wholeheartedly obeyed the form of teaching to which you were entrusted (The Greek literally says, into which you were delivered). In other words, this instance of paradidwmi does not really speak of the gospel being delivered to the Romans, but rather the Romans (i.e., their eternal destiny) being placed into (or entrusted to) the gospel message. The gospel message is thereby seen as the new master of the Romans which they are now to obey (hupakouw) as slaves (as opposed to sin, their old master to which they were formerly delivered and which they formerly obeyed as slaves).

Fair enough. I’ll yield to your informed judgment on this one.

This leaves us with only two other instances of paradidwmi. One of these, 1 Cor 11:23, gives us Pauls tradition about the Lords Supper (vv. 23-25). No doubt Jesus said much more than is recorded for us here, or in any of the Last Supper accounts. However, the fact that Paul recounts the tradition in creed form makes it clear that what he tells us is the essential teaching of the Supper. Again, we have the complete Lords Supper tradition of the apostles in writing, so that no oral tradition is necessary.

Agreed: our proofs for transubstantiation are solid from scriptural exegesis alone. I would, of course, maintain that the Bible and apostolic Tradition agrees with us about the Real Presence (few, if any “Catholic” doctrines are more explicitly substantiated in the Fathers). So in this case, I would argue that you guys have created an extra-scriptural, extra-apostolic, extra-patristic “tradition of men” (precisely what we are often accused of).

The last instance of paradidwmi is found in Jude 3. Here Jude tells his readers to contend for the faith that was once for all time (hapax) delivered to the saints. To what does the faith here refer? Although this hapax (once-for-all-time) delivering cannot be referring to the canon of the NT since the Revelation had not yet been written, it does imply that Jude assumed that all the essentials of the faith to which he refers had already been laid down and that no additional revelation would in any way overturn what had been given. In other words, anything that John might have added later would have to be in line with what had already been delivered.

Catholics concur that all public revelation ceased with the Apostles.

But what about the Assumption of Mary, an infallible papal proclamation by divine fiat found neither in Scripture nor in historic theology?

The Assumption is a doctrine only indirectly deduced from Scripture, and late-developing (not of late origination), but neither element is inconsistent with Catholic thinking. I don’t think Protestants really want to get into a debate about “late” doctrines, do they? How can a group which can’t, e.g., find a symbolic Eucharist and sola fide for 1500 years of Church history, credibly object to a doctrine which began to rapidly develop in the 4th or 5th century? I’m convinced that most Protestants misunderstand development of doctrine.

Moreover, Jude probably has in mind specifically the gospel and the Lordship of Christ (cf. v. 4). The rest of his letter expounds on the ramifications of these two themes.

Your “probably has in mind” is pure speculation. It remains true that if we are to determine the content and extent of the apostolic Tradition to which Paul and others refer in the Bible, we have to go to the Fathers, as this is an historical question and issue (as are a great many in Christianity). We contend that this Tradition is in essence what the Catholic Church continues to uphold today (albeit greatly developed – not “corrupted”), and we say that several NT passages refer to that Tradition, which is defined by the early Church (esp. the Roman See), rather than by an exegesis colored by a prior axiomatic commitment to sola Scriptura. Sure, we’re biased, too, but the difference is that we have the consensus of the early Church and the Fathers on our side, and for us this is determinative.

This simply begs the question. You are starting with the false assumption that (1) there is such a thing as oral tradition that is not also recorded in Scripture, and (2) that the fathers preserved that tradition without error. I don’t buy either.

As for (1), you have not shown me otherwise. All you’ve demonstrated is, in my opinion, an excessive skepticism, and a denial of the force of several (I think fairly compelling) biblical indications. As for (2), I understand the Protestant position. All we believe with regard to the Fathers is what Protestants hold with regard to the Canon of the NT – that a consensus of opinion is normative. What you apply to the Canon, we apply to all of Christian Tradition. Now, on the other hand, you must explain why it is that you utilize this method for the Canon, but not for anything else, where SS becomes the ultimate arbiter? We believe, too, in the indefectibility of the Church, but not of any particular Father (e.g., St. John Chrysostom believed that Mary sinned).

Observations and Questions: It is odd that Rome would place so much prominence in a word that is used for apostolic teaching only nine times out of some 133 occurrences in the NT, and only two of which remain somewhat ambiguous as to the exact content of the tradition (Jude 3 and 2 Thess 2:15; although even in these two passages that which is handed down is almost certainly the gospel, or [in the case of 2 Thess 2:15] eschatology–both of which are elucidated in detail for us elsewhere in Scripture).

Ah, but there is a bit more (see below), and there is the testimony of the Fathers, and Church history prior to 1517.

It is equally odd that Rome includes in her paradosis articles of faith that are nowhere mentioned in Scripture (e.g., the office of pope, papal infallibility, apostolic succession, the magisterial priesthood, the Immaculate Conception, and the Assumption),

All of these are there in kernel, or more explicitly (particularly, the papacy). That was the whole point of my book. What truly is mentioned “nowhere” in the Bible is sola Scriptura and the canon of Scripture: the former being an un-apostolic, late-arriving tradition of men, and the latter wholly dependent on extra-biblical Catholic Tradition and conciliar Authority. Yet Protestants manage to firmly hold both viewpoints (excepting the so-called “Apocrypha”), in opposition to (or at least in tension with) their own principles. This is very “odd” to me.

Where is the Assumption of Mary in kernel form in the NT?

In a nutshell: in the notion of the general resurrection of the saints, of whom Mary is a forerunner, and figure of the Church. Also, from the analogy of such righteous saints as Enoch and Elijah (and possibly Paul, in his vision), who were assumed into heaven bodily. Thirdly, if the Immaculate Conception is true (which has considerably more indication), then Mary would be immune from the curse of death (decay of the body), and so, by deduction, would not have to undergo corruption. Adam and Eve would have lived forever but for disobedience. Why, then, is it so unthinkable that Mary the Mother of God (Theotokos), the Second Eve, could be preserved from the curse that the disobedient primal couple brought upon mankind? We don’t require explicit biblical mention of every doctrine, as you do (but then again, you are inconsistent, for SS and the canon of the Bible are themselves absolutely “non-biblical”).

At the same time Rome excludes items that are specifically mentioned in the NT as part of the apostolic paradosis (e.g., head coverings, abstaining from blood and strangled animals, working in order to eat).

Does any Christian body really need to define the principle of “working in order to eat”? Isn’t sloth one of the seven cardinal sins of historic Catholic thinking? :-)

One might legitimately ask just why these are not part of the Catholic tradition since they were clearly included in the apostolic tradition. Put another way, on what basis does the RC church pick and choose which traditions to hold and which to jettison?

On early Church and patristic consensus, and in accord with later theological speculation in full, essential agreement with same. I ask you in return: on what basis did the Reformers jettison a whole host of doctrines previously held for multiple hundreds of years (I think I know what your answer’ll be, but I think it is too simple, given the – yes – divisions).

Let me be certain that I follow you here. The original apostolic tradition is (as you have admitted) not necessarily the same as it is today.

The dogmas are in essence the same, the disciplinary aspects may change.

Indeed, it is possible, on the criteria you provided, to jettison the entire original apostolic deposit, so long as that action is the early Church and patristic consensus, and in accord with later theological speculation in full, essential agreement with same.

Absolutely not. We believe that such a hypothetical could never occur, based on Christ’s promise that the Church is indefectible (Mt 16:18), and that the Holy Spirit will lead us into all truth. Don’t neglect the place of faith, which is easy to do in intense, cerebral discussions such as these. We place faith in Christ, to preserve His Church, and His truth.

Is that how we determine normative spiritual truth? In that case we don’t even need the original apostolic deposit.

Very broadly speaking, spiritual truth is determined by a joint appraisal of the Bible, and the history of the Church (preeminently the Apostles). The Holy Spirit, working in men’s hearts, will illuminate the truth for all who seek it (I think all here would agree with that). The neglect of Church history and patristic consensus has led to the present chaos and relativism. That’s why Newman said, “To be deep in history is to cease to be a Protestant.” And this is largely why I converted. I would have loved to have found evangelical Protestantism in Church history, but it “just ain’t so.” I had to face the music at some point.

The Catholic church itself selects only those traditions it deems essential and jettisons the rest–precisely the same thing it chides the Protestant for doing.

Do you wish to equate head coverings and compulsory abstention from meat on Fridays with, e.g., the Real Presence and baptismal regeneration? Isn’t there a slight qualitative difference there?!

The Protestant sees as essential only those things (and all those things) that were committed to the sacred Scriptures – we dont pick and choose which Scriptures we see as essential and those we see as non-essential.

Oh? What then becomes of the distinction that you guys constantly make, of “central” (essential) and “secondary” (non-essential) doctrines? Is this not precisely what you are trying to deny above? And it is a crucial component of the whole SS edifice at that.

Yet the Catholic does not have the advantage of this kind of consistency.

May I ask: what consistency?

The RC church holds to some apostolic traditions but not others, picking and choosing what it thinks is essential. The Protestant holds to one entire body of tradition (written) as authoritative and truly as a canon (measuring rod) by which to judge all other canons of faith. While we see value in examining the interpretations of the fathers, they are not and cannot be the standard themselves.

The obvious retort is: of what use is “one” written “tradition” when it produces doctrinal chaos? What is gained by that? It’s as if you have one ruler, but everyone has different systems of measuring with it!

But the minute this is conceded (i.e., that explanations of Paul’s gospel message can easily be found in other NT passages), then the notion of a supposed need for an oral tradition becomes moot.

No, I was arguing, rather, that other general Pauline statements point to an extra-biblical Tradition.

I have a few things to add as a wrap-up:

Jesus rejects only corrupt, human, Pharisaic tradition (“paradosis“: Mt 15:3,6, Mk 7:8-9,13), not Tradition per se, so this might be thought to be an indirect espousal of true apostolic Tradition. This is also the case with Paul in Col 2:8.

To be precise, Jesus is completely silent about any Jewish tradition of divine origin not found in the OT. We find him only condemning tradition, never praising it or appealing to it as authoritative as we find him doing countless times with Scripture. A very strange phenomemon indeed if Jesus viewed tradition as the interpreter of Scripture, or on par with Scripture, or even helpful in following Scripture.

Not strange at all, because Tradition and Scripture are of a piece, in reality and in Catholic thought, and it is only logical to place Scripture in a central position, in terms of objective reference and record. The fallacy lies in thinking that somehow in so doing, Tradition is rendered irrelevant and secondary. It is not, as it is inherent in Scripture itself, and necessary for correct interpretation. This is Jesus’ view, the Fathers’ view, and the Catholic Church’s view.

I contend that “Tradition,” “word of God,” and “gospel” are essentially synonymous terms for Paul and other NT writers, as the following comparison illustrates (RSV):

1 Cor 11:2 …maintain the traditions…even as I have delivered them to you.

2 Thess 2:15 …hold to the traditions…taught…by word of mouth or by letter.

2 Thess 3:6 ….the tradition that you received from us.

1 Cor 15:1 …the gospel, which you received…

Gal 1:9 …the gospel…which you received.

1 Thess 2:9 …we preached to you the gospel of God.

Acts 8:14 …Samaria had received the word of God

1 Thess 2:13 …you received the word of God, which you heard from us…

2 Pet 2:21 …the holy commandment delivered to them.

Jude 3 …the faith which was once for all delivered to the saints.

Note that in Paul’s two letters to the Thessalonians alone, the Apostle seems to use three terms (inc. “tradition”) simultaneously.

Great point, Dave! But on the surface this supports my view that there is no need for oral tradition since, as you point out, the content of that tradition is the gospel – something clearly elucidated throughout the NT.

I just knew you would take this tack! :-) The Protestant will inevitably see in this a collapsing of the oral Tradition into the “gospel,” which is, of course, the written word of Scripture. We look at the same data and conclude: “Bible and Tradition and Gospel are all of a piece.”

I will allow for the possibility that you didn’t mean to make this point. If not, what is your point?

Simply that “tradition isn’t a dirty word” (in Scripture), and that there is no dichotomy between “gospel” and “tradition,” as Protestants commonly try to make.

Catholic apologist David Palm, in his article, “Oral Tradition in the NT” (This Rock, May 1995, pp. 7-12), also points out that the NT explicitly cites oral tradition in Mt 2:23, 23:2, 1 Cor 10:4, 1 Pet 3:19, and Jude 9, in support of doctrine, and also elsewhere (2 Tim 3:8, Jas 5:17, Mt 7:12).

Furthermore, Paul appears to irrefutably assert the authority of oral Tradition (i.e., passed on by himself) in 2 Tim 1:13-14 and 2:2.

I disagree. What he is asserting here is the authority of his teaching. Those teachings are found in his letters. In other words, Paul is not here attempting to show that oral tradition as a category is authoritative, but that his teaching (no matter where its found) is authoritative. It is another matter entirely to show that Paul is referring to an ongoing oral tradition that he somehow (and for some odd reason!) wished to keep separate from Scripture.

Am I missing something? If Paul’s teaching is authoritative “no matter where it’s found,” then his oral teaching is authoritative, right? You said it – I merely repeat. Thus, you have arrived at a Catholic understanding of Tradition. This “Tradition” is not separate from Scripture, but of a piece with it, and in harmony with it.

Paul also seems to be passing on his office to Timothy in 2 Tim 4:1-6: an example of apostolic succession in the Bible (cf. Acts 1:20-26), even though [my opponent] claims above that there is no such thing.

Acts 1:20-26 is the much more compelling indication of apostolic succession (you dealt with 2 Tim 4:1-6, which is comparatively not particularly compelling, which is why I said seems”).

It’s been a pleasure. This is a true dialogue, and I have been privileged to be a part of it.

2017-04-18T18:16:45-04:00

MaryPerpetualHelp

Our Mother of Perpetual Help, a 15th Century Marian Byzantine Icon [public domain / Wikimedia Commons]

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(7-16-07)

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The following exchange about the Our Lady of Perpetual Help devotion occurred on the Parchment and Pen blog. C. Michael Patton and others have been very gracious and polite in allowing me to give my dissenting viewpoint. I’d like to thank them and express my appreciation for that. C. Michael Patton’s words will be in blue; “Seven”‘s in green, and Vance’s in purple.

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Here’s a topic for ‘combox tennis’: Should the following words be directed to anyone other than Christ? If so, to whom?

“In thy hands I place my eternal salvation and to thee do I entrust my soul.”

. . . Please indulge me with a thumbs up (approve of this prayer as being within the boundaries of proper christian worship) or a thumbs down (categorically false and idolatrous).

Please avoid answering with a subjective “Well, who can really know?”

[ this is from the “Our Lady of Perpetual Help” prayer / devotion / novena ]

OK, in reality, if they say that prayer in the way that it sounds, then it is absolutely idolatrous. I wonder what our Catholic friends here would say. Maybe they could defend the use of this or somehow take away the sting.

I’m with you.

As to your Marian prayer, I would definitely say it was false, in error, and possibly even idolatrous (depending on how that was defined). But my question would still be whether a person who is that wrong in their theological understanding of how it all works, could still go to heaven. That I don’t know. My real question would be for a Catholic since Catholics also affirm that their entire salvation is through Jesus Christ.

Well, it is a great question. I wish that a Catholic would pipe in and help us understand.

Catholic Marian prayers are (needless to say) vastly misunderstood, because Protestants (unlike their founders) hardly have any Mariology at all anymore. They rarely understand even the basics of Mariology. It’s like trying to understand trigonometry and calculus without learning your times tables. Not likely . . . I wrote about some of these prayers and how they are wildly misinterpreted in these papers:

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“In thy hands I place my eternal salvation and to thee do I entrust my soul.”

You can at least see how Protestants would interpret this prayer as idolatry?

Don’t get me wrong, when a Catholic tells me “I don’t worship Mary” I believe them. Why would they say they don’t if they do. But this prayer, if it is not a surrendering of trust due only to God, it sure comes across such a way. You must understand where the Protestant protest comes from. As well, it seems to be highly suggestive and provocative toward Mary worship, especially for someone who first encounters it.

My suggestion: get rid of it or drastically reword it.

I don’t have much a problem with the Catholic understanding of the communion to the saints, or even prayer to the saints in the sense that you are simply asking them to pray for you . . . don’t do it, but I don’t think of it as saint worship necessarily. But this prayer is different.

Hope you understand where I am coming from.

Well, the Apostle Paul states several times that he was helping to save people or being a channel for them to receive divine grace. If it was okay for him to do, why not Mary, the mother of Jesus our Lord?:

1 Corinthians 9:22 I have become all things to all men, that I might by all means save some.

2 Corinthians 4:15 For it [his many sufferings: 4:8-12,17] is all for your sake, so that as grace extends to more and more people it may increase thanksgiving, to the glory of God.

Ephesians 3:2 assuming that you have heard of the stewardship of God’s grace that was given to me for you… (cf. 1 Pet 4:8-10)

Ephesians 4:29 Let no evil talk come out of your mouths, but only such as is good for edifying, as fits the occasion, that it may impart grace to those who hear.

1 Timothy 4:16 Take heed to yourself and to your teaching: hold to that, for by so doing you will save both yourself and your hearers.

“Entrust[ing] [your] soul” to a human being gives you pause? Okay, there is Bible sanction for that too (or at least something very similar):

Hebrews 13:17 Obey your leaders and submit to them; for they are keeping watch over your souls, as men who will have to give account. Let them do this joyfully, and not sadly, for that would be of no advantage to you.

So if someone wants to claim the Catholic prayer in question is Mariolatry, fine, but let them be consistent and say that the Bible teaches “Paulolatry” as well, if this is the reasoning. Of course no Protestant will say that, but since the Bible gives sanction to Pauline “saving” and “distribution of graces” then no one can say that the Theotokos participating in the same sort of thing is prima facie “unbiblical”.

If the Catholic Marian prayers were properly understood and interpreted correctly in the first place, the issue would never come up, but because Protestants have no frame of reference in which to interpret them (having not been taught any degree of Mariology to speak of at all), then they automatically view it as a species of idolatry, which it is not.

I say that — rightly understood — Catholic teachings do not contradict the biblical understanding of things at all. We believe, with James, that “the prayer of a righteous man availeth much” (James 5:16). Therefore, if indeed Mary is sinless (taught in Luke 1:28, closely examined and exegeted, as I have done), and God’s highest creation, then her prayers would be uniquely powerful (just as Elijah’s were, that James refers to); hence this sort of flowery language is perfectly acceptable. One goes to the person whose prayers of intercession have the most power.

Elsewhere in the prayer “Our Lady of Perpetual Help” it is made clear the origin of this extraordinary power of intercession that Mary has:

I give thanks to our Lord, who for my sake hath given thee a name so sweet, so lovable, so mighty. . . . He hath made thee so powerful, so rich, so kind, that thou mightest assist us in our miseries.

Dave, those examples are so different from the Mary prayer it alleviates no problems. Believe me, like I said, I am more than willing to give the benifit of a doubt, but, in all honesty, that seems rather far out to say that this prayer to Mary, “In thy hands I place my eternal salvation and to thee do I entrust my soul” and Paul self conception concerning his role in preaching the Gospel here on earth are parallel. Are you asking Mary to come and preach the Gospel to people?

Anyway, again, you must understand how difficult it sounds. I don’t see why you can’t just get rid of the prayer in favor of something different if it is not what it seems to be. This would help people from getting confused and accusing you of things you don’t do. The prayer is not inspired in your view is it?

All that I am asking is that you at least consider how difficult it is and not write people off acting as if we just understood what you were saying it would make all the difference. I think I do understand what you are saying, but the prayer still says something different in good ol’ Oklahoman. :)

Michael, I used to be an evangelical Protestant. You’re not telling me anything new. I had to work through many of these same issues in order to become a Catholic. Were you ever a Catholic? If one used to firmly believe one thing, then they knew it from the inside. I was not just a Protestant, but a Protestant apologist and cult researcher. I was on the largest Christian radio station in Detroit talking about Jehovah’s Witnesses as a Protestant in 1989. So I know where you’re coming from, and I understand the Protestant outlook through and through.

Your choice is simple: you can go the same old tired route (the stuff you say you believed just five years ago) and conclude that Catholics are idolaters who are so stupid and clueless that we don’t even know that Mary is different from Jesus, or you can accept the validity of the reasoning I have given you (and additional explanations from others) or at least acknowledge that there are issues here that are difficult to understand at first but that it is not nonsense and idolatry. The prayer is going nowhere. It has a long tradition and it is perfectly orthodox.

You say we should just get rid of it? By the same token I could say, “why don’t you get rid of one or more beliefs from TULIP?”, since Calvinists are vastly misunderstood and don’t really believe what many people attribute to them (making God the author of evil; making evangelistic efforts null and void, turning men into will-less automatons, etc.)? You wouldn’t do that, on those grounds, so why do you think it is reasonable that we would or should do so?

I have no problem saying that it is tough for a Protestant to comprehend. Of course it is. I already dealt with that in my previous responses by saying that one can’t comprehend trigonometry without first learning their basic arithmetic.

Mariology is not Christian kindergarten; it is advanced studies in Christian graduate school.

“In thy hands I place my eternal salvation and to thee do I entrust my soul” and Paul self conception concerning his role in preaching the Gospel here on earth are parallel. Are you asking Mary to come and preach the Gospel to people?

You have not properly understood the analogy that I made. Paul’s saying that he “saved” people and telling Timothy that he can “save” his hearers (when we all know that it is God Who does the saving and Paul is only a vessel of same) is precisely the same that we think of Mary. The logic is exactly the same:

1. Paul: “I might save some . . . save both yourself and your hearers”.

2. (the logical converse) Spiritual seeker: “Paul, please save me by your powerful intercession and distribution of God’s grace. In your hands I place my seeking after eternal salvation because I know your intervention on my behalf is profoundly powerful.”

3. Ergo: logical equivalent of saying to Mary: “In thy hands I place my eternal salvation” because if the thought is “If Paul and Timothy [human beings] can ’save’ other human beings, then clearly there is a dynamic at work far different from just God alone and the person being saved. God uses human beings in the process.”

In other words, if Paul can say that he saves others, then others can ask him to save them, and we are in exactly the same place where the Marian prayer takes us. Mary is the mother of Jesus. Paul didn’t even see Jesus before the Resurrection. So if this is true of Paul, it can certainly be true of Mary.

Yet you say, “those examples are so different from the Mary prayer it alleviates no problems.” I disagree; it is a close analogy. We know that Paul doesn’t ultimately save anyone; it is God. Catholics know the same about Mary. It is only by attributing gross ignorance to Catholics en masse (even to many of our greatest theologians) that Protestants come up with the hogwash that they do about our supposed Mariolatry.

The real lack of knowledge and sufficient thought and reflection is seen, rather, in a statement like the one above: “attributing omniscience to a created being is a bit blasphemous.” But of course no one is doing that! Saints in heaven do not have to have all knowledge in order to hear prayers. They are in eternity, with God. They’re out of time. That completely solves that problem. It doesn’t require omniscience at all, but merely being in another sphere in terms of time or dimensions.

Someone thinks that is insufficient? Very well, then, read what your own Protestant theologians and Bible commentators say about the relationship of time and eternity and how we will be like Jesus when we get to heaven. It’s a perfectly plausible, biblical, acceptable understanding of the afterlife. It’s sheer foolishness to make out that such a scenario requires a saint to be omniscient and therefore God-like.

Dave, I appreciate that you have been on the other side, but this does not seem to be helping. In fact, it might be hindering. I think that from your perspective you feel that it is your duty to justify all those things that you had a problem with before without recognizing the extent of the problem. If reformation does not come for you in doctrine, can’t it come in communication? Again, I take you at your word when you say you don’t worship Mary.

Worship is a subjective entrustment of our lives to a source in which we have ultimate reliance. We have non-ultimate reliances in our lives such as our cars to get us to work, our fathers to protect us when we are young, etc. All reliances are secondary to the primary. This I understand. Our ultimate reliance for Salvation does not come through anything other than God, although we do rely upon other people to have their secondary part in God’s plan. If you are simply saying that Mary is a secondary reliance like all others secondary reliances (albeit, a very good one), I take you at your word.

In this case, the problem is first one of communication.

You say that this:

“[Mary] In thy hands I place my eternal salvation and to thee do I entrust my soul.”

Really means this:

“[Mary] In thy hands I place the hope of my eternal salvation since you are one of the many who can pray to the One who can save me and to you I entrust my soul since your are one of the many who can intercede through prayer on my behalf to the One who can take care of my soul.”

You see. You are having to jump through hoops here to explain the first. All I am saying is be sensitive to the concerns of those who just take the first at face value. Make the first say the second and it would alleviate yourself of having to write books to justify the first.

To compare this with Calvinism is helpful to a degree, but in its present form presents a non seq. In other word, TULIP is what it is. It does not have to explain itself to take away the sting of miscommunication. In fact, once you do explain TULIP you find that there is integrity in communication because it means exactly what it says. The problem does not have to do in communicating its points at face value, but the interpretation of its implications.

For example, if you were to say that this is one of the points of Calvinism, then there would be a parallel:

God is responsible for sin.

Indeed, this is problematic. There are very few Calvinists who would actually go this far with it. Now, they may communicate it as such, but then they would, like you, have to jump through hoops to explain that this does not mean what it seems to mean. They may say this:

God is responsible for sin only in the since that he is the creator of free will beings that choose to sin, but He Himself is not the ultimate first cause of its genesis.

Here is what I would tell a Calvinist (of which I am one) who has as part of his regular confession the first. Don’t say it!! It miscommunicates what you mean. Just say what you mean! If you don’t, you will do two things. 1) You will scare people away because they have simply thought you meant what you said (who would blame the), or 2) You are going to cause some of your own to actually believe that God is the creator of sin and promote this doctrine as such.

This is the same with many issues and confessions in Mariology. You scare people away based upon a perfectly understandable misreading of your doctrine based upon popular communication and, in some cases, you cause your own to fall into idolatry simply because they take this at face value.

Not that I have any platform to give advice Dave, but I would try to see this first as a theologian and a pastor, rather than an apologist. It seems that as an apologist you are seeking to justify this prayer as it is, failing to recognize how it communicates.

Again, I really appreciate your willingness to dialogue.

Hi Michael,

That was an interesting psychological-sociological analysis of my argument; now would you like to actually interact with the argument itself:-)

Dave, as I have said from the beginning, I don’t have THAT big of a problem with what you mean, but the misleading way in which it is communicated. The ball is in yo’ court my friend.

I’ve already answered. The devotion will not and should not change simply because it is misunderstood and because Protestantism has a virtually nonexistent Mariology. And I showed that it also was unreasonable to say that it should, based on an analogy to your own belief-system.

Substantive dialogue deals with the objective assertions of the opponent at some point, rather than merely subjective, stylistic issues and how things are received. Postmodernism (you said on White’s webcast that your bookshelf is filled with this sort of thing) clearly is influencing you to the detriment of your argumentation here. It’s all subjective and little objective analysis of objective stuff.

My method, on the other hand, is to use Scripture and logic, and history where necessary.

Dave, again, I think you are too caught up in your apologetic defenses here. I am simply offering a suggestion to you. It is fine if you don’t agree, but my points were valid and not relativistic in the slightest. There was no response from you concerning your non seq with Calvinism and Paul.

Huh? I made a very extensive response. Obviously you disagreed with it, but that is far different from claiming I made “no response.”

I argued that your comparison to Calvinism had no parallel. The same with regards to your reference to Paul. If you don’t believe me, this is fine, everyone has the right to be wrong :)

The prayer has no interpretive context. Because of this, people have to take it at face value. You interpret the face value meaning much differently, which is fine (and a bit relativistic), and then say that it is Protestants fault for mistakingly thinking Catholics worship Mary. Like it or not, the prayer does suggest this.

Dave, while I know you cannot reform in doctrine, you can reform in communication. The “it says this, but it really means this” is confusing both to Catholics and Protestants.

If you are going to teach and defend the prayer, I would rework it. Do you think that Mary will really get THAT upset? :) Just think about what I am saying, that is all I ask.

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